Coal and peat fires . Volume 5 Case studies -- advances in field and laboratory research : a global perspective / / edited by Glenn B. Stracher

• Pubblicazione: Amsterdam, Netherlands : , : Elsevier, , [2019]; ©2019
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (544 pages)
• Disciplina: 662.62
• Soggetto topico: Coal; Peatland animals; Coal - Geology
• Persona (resp. second.): StracherGlenn B.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective -- Captions for Front Cover Photos -- Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Preface to Volume 1 -- Preface to Volume 2 -- Preface to Volume 3 -- Preface to Volume 4 -- Preface to Volume 5 -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Case Studies - Advances in Field and Laboratory Research -- Case Studies - Advances in Field and Laboratory Research -- Case Studies - Advances in Field and Laboratory Research -- 1 - The Earliest Known Uses of Coal as a Fuel: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Bronze Age Coal Fires -- 1.1 The Earliest Known Uses of Burning Coal -- Introduction -- Coal as a Fuel -- Harvesting Potential Energy -- Paleolithic and Mesolithic Coal Fires -- Southern France -- Czech Silesia -- Bronze Age Coal Fires -- China -- Wales -- Additional Occurrences -- Possible Uses of Coal for Smelting in Serbia and the Middle East -- More About Europe -- The Americas -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- WWW Addresses: Additional Reading -- 2 - Coal-Fire Microarthropods From the Centralia, Pennsylvania and Healy, Alaska Mine Fires -- 2.1 Arthropods and Coal Fires -- Introduction -- The Arthropods -- Characteristics of Arthropods -- External Features -- Internal and Additional Features -- Field Methods: Collecting Microarthropods -- Collection Procedure -- Laboratory Extraction of Microarthropods -- Microscopy of Microarthropods -- Processing of Microarthropods for SEM Imaging -- Rehydration -- Dehydration -- Images of Coal-Fire Microarthropods -- Centralia Mine Fire, Pennsylvania -- Springtails -- Mites -- Thrips -- Beetles -- Beetle Larvae -- Healy Mine Fire, Alaska -- Aphids -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- WWW Addresses: Additional Reading -- 3 - Coal Fires of Northeastern Pennsylvania. ; 3.1 Coal Fires of Northeastern Pennsylvania -- Introduction -- Early Mine Fires -- The Changing Anthracite Industry -- The Future -- Summary and Conclusion -- Appendix: Coal Fires -- Carbondale, Centralia, and Other Middle Period Coal Fires -- Recent Fires -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- 4 - The Summit Hill Coal-Mine Fire, Pennsylvania -- 4.1 The Summit Hill Mine Fire -- Introduction -- History and Development -- The Burning Mines Fire -- Dealing with the Fire -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- 5 - Modern and Ancient Coal Fires in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana -- 5.1 Coal Fires and Clinker -- Introduction -- Causes of Coal Fires -- Modern Coal Fires -- Fires in Abandoned Underground Mines -- Fires in Highwalls and Spoil Piles -- Fires in Natural Coal Outcrops -- Low-Level Smoldering of Coal Beds -- Ancient Coal Fires -- Extent of Clinker -- Methods of Dating -- Age of Clinker -- 5.2 Geologic History of Clinker in the Eastern Powder River Basin -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- 6 - The Occurrence and Use of Coal Cinders in Washington State -- 6.1 The Occurrence and Use of Coal Cinders in Washington State -- Introduction -- The Use of Cinders -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- 7 - The Spontaneous Combustion of Coal-Mine Waste and Stream Effects in the El Bierzo Coalfield, Spain -- 7.1 The El Bierzo Coalfield, Spain -- Introduction -- Mine-Acid Drainage -- Spontaneous Combustion of Coal Waste -- Case Study -- 7.2 Materials and Methods -- Sampling -- Analytical Methods -- 7.3 Physicochemical Parameters -- Physicochemical Parameters -- 7.4 Minor and Trace Element Concentrations -- Minor and Trace Element Concentrations -- 7.5 Surface Water Quality -- Surface Water Quality -- 7.6 Sources of Contamination. ; Potential Sources of Contamination -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- 8 - Analyzing the Status of Thermal Events in Longwall Coal Mine Gobs -- 8.1 Thermal Accidents in Underground Coal Mines -- Introduction -- Mining Hazards -- 8.2 Spontaneous Combustion of Longwall Gob -- Introduction -- Three Zones in Coal-Mine Gob -- Nonspontaneous Combustion Zone -- Spontaneous Combustion Zone -- Suffocation Zone -- Gob Zones and Air-Flow Velocity -- Gob Zones and Oxygen Concentration -- 8.3 Fire Ratios and Indicators -- Introduction -- Graham's Ratio -- Trickett's Ratio -- Relative Intensity -- Litton Ratio -- Hydrocarbon Ratio -- 8.4 Explosibility Analysis of Mining Atmospheres -- Introduction -- Tertiary Diagrams -- Revised Le Chatelier's Rule -- Maximum Allowable Oxygen Analysis -- U.S. Bureau of Mines Explosibility Diagram -- Coward Explosibility Triangle -- Kukuczka Method -- Mine-Gas Distribution Patterns -- Longwall Mining Gob Experiment -- The Datong Mine -- The Experimental Model -- Air Velocity and Gas Release Rates -- Results and Discussion -- Gas Distribution in the Gob -- Gas Distribution in Overlying Strata -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References -- WWW Addresses: Additional Reading -- 9 - Gases Generated During the Low-Temperature Oxidation and Pyrolysis of Coal and the Effects on Methane-Air Flammable Limits -- 9.1 Gases Generated During Low-Temperature Oxidation and Pyrolysis -- Introduction -- Experimental Conditions -- Gas Production Rates -- Gas Generation During Oxidation and Pyrolysis -- Oxidation and Spontaneous Combustion Gases -- Discussion -- 9.2 Gas Effects on Methane-Air Flammable Limits -- Introduction -- Experiment Conditions -- Flammable Limits -- Explosive Risk Value F -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Important Terms -- References. ; 10 - Determination of the Characteristics of Coal-Spontaneous Combustion and the Danger Zone -- 10.1 Coal-Spontaneous Combustion Analysis -- Introduction -- Coal Samples -- Experimental Apparatus -- Gas Concentration -- Oxygen Consumption Rate -- Heat Energy Release -- Limiting Parameters: Mined-Out Area -- Discussion -- 10.2 The Danger Zone: Determining Coal-Spontaneous Combustion -- The 3006-Working Face in the Hebi Coal Mine -- In Situ Observation -- Danger Zone Determination -- Three Zone Determination: Mined-Out Area -- Determination of Danger Zone: Mined-Out Area -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Additional Reading -- 11 - Quantification of the Environmental Impact of Coal Fires: Xinjiang Province, China -- 11.1 Coal Fire Pollutants -- Introduction -- Analytical Methods -- Programmed Heating-Oxidation -- Thermogravimetric Analysis -- Thermodynamic Simulations -- Results and Discussion -- FactSage Modeling -- 11.2 Migration of Heavy Metals in Soil Affected by Coal Fires -- Introduction -- Analytical Methods -- Soil Sampling -- Experimental Apparatus and Reagents -- Isothermal Adsorption and Desorption -- Soil Column Construction -- Leachate Setting -- Leaching Test -- Results and Discussion -- Adsorption Characteristics -- Desorption Characteristics -- Accumulated Amount and Rate of Arsenic Release -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 - Colloid Technology for Preventing and Extinguishing the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal -- 12.1 Colloidal Technology for Fighting the Spontaneous Combustion of Coal -- Introduction -- Colloidal Mitigation of Spontaneous Combustion -- Colloid Composition and Classification -- Colloid Composition -- Colloid Classification -- Colloid Properties for Preventing Combustion -- Control of Gelation Time -- Water Retention Capacity -- Pressure Resistance -- Permeability. ; Heat Energy Absorption -- Temperature Tolerance -- Drag Reduction -- Chemical Resistant Effect -- 12.2 Gel for Extinguishing a Coal Fire -- Characteristics -- Preparation and Injection -- Continuous Injection System -- Purpose -- 12.3 Thickened Colloid for Extinguishing a Coal Fire -- Characteristics -- Preparation and Injection -- Purpose -- 12.4 Composite Colloid for Extinguishing a Coal Fire -- Characteristics -- Preparation and Injection -- Equipment Features and Applicability -- Ground Compaction and Injection -- Preparation and Injection Technique -- Equipment Features and Applicability -- 12.5 Case Study -- No. 4 Coal Seam Fires in Baoding, Panzhihua -- Coal-Fire Detection -- Radon -- Drilling Process -- Injection Technique -- Treatment Effects -- Conclusions -- References -- 13 - Crystallochemical Behavior of Slag Minerals and the Occurrence of Potentially New Mineral Species From Lapanouse-de-Sévérac, France -- 13.1 Slag and Potentially New Minerals From Lapanouse-de-Sévérac, France -- Introduction -- Previous Research -- 13.2 Analyses and Materials Description -- Rock Characteristics -- Analytical Methods -- Rock Mineralogy and Mineral Chemistry -- Anhydrite (CaSO4) -- Alkali Feldspar (KAlSi3O8) -- Apatite Supergroup (Ca5(PO4,SiO4,VO4,SO4)3(F,OH,O,Cl)) -- Calcium Ferrites (Mainly Srebrodolskite, Ca2Fe2O5) -- Cancrinite Group (Approximately (Na,Ca,K)7-8(Al,Si)10-12O22-24(SO4,PO4)[(1-x)-2]·nH2O) -- Clinopyroxene Subgroup (Diopside-Esseneite-Hedenbergite (Ca(Mg,Fe3+,Fe2+)(Si,Al)2O6) -- Cuspidine (Ca4(Si2O7)F2) -- Ettringite Group (Ca3[(Si,Al)(OH)6](SO4,CO3)2·12H2O) -- Garnet Group (Andradite, Ca3(Fe,Ti)2(SiO4)3) -- Hematite (Fe2O3) -- Larnite (Ca2SiO4) -- Leucite (KAlSi2O6) -- Melilite Group (Ca2(Al,Mg,Fe3+)(Al,Si)(Si,Al)O7) and Related Species -- Nepheline ((Na,K)AlSiO4) -- Oldhamite (CaS) -- Olivine Group ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4). ; Perovskite (CaTiO3).
• Titolo autorizzato: Coal and peat fires
• ISBN: 0-12-849884-6
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910583384903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II