Flow cytometry today : everything you need to know about flow cytometry / / Claudio Ortolani

• Autore: Ortolani C (Claudio)
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2023]; ©2023
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (556 pages)
• Disciplina: 910.5
• Soggetto topico: Flow cytometry
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: General Principles -- 1.1 Flow Cytometers General Layout -- 1.2 Flow Cytometers Features -- 1.3 Parameters and Signals -- 1.4 Time -- References -- Chapter 2: Signals: Scattering -- 2.1 Forward Scatter (FSC) -- 2.2 Side Scatter (SSC) -- 2.3 Raman Scattering -- 2.4 Depolarized Scatter -- References -- Chapter 3: Signals: Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Impedance, Extinction -- 3.1 Fluorescence -- 3.1.1 Depolarized Fluorescence -- 3.1.2 Autofluorescence -- 3.2 Phosphorescence -- 3.3 Impedance -- 3.4 Axial Extinction -- References -- Chapter 4: Fluidics -- 4.1 Overview on Fluids -- 4.1.1 Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow -- 4.1.2 Hydrodynamic Focusing -- 4.2 Cytometer Fluidics -- 4.2.1 Sheath and Core -- 4.2.2 Flow System Components -- 4.2.3 Flow Rate Control -- 4.2.4 Sample Injection -- 4.2.4.1 Sample Differential Control -- 4.2.4.2 Absolute Counts -- 4.2.5 Event-Light Interaction: The Interrogation Point -- 4.2.5.1 In-Cuvette Interaction -- 4.2.5.2 Stream-in-Air Interaction -- 4.2.5.3 Interrogation on an Open Surface -- 4.2.5.4 Systems Based on Acoustic Focusing -- 4.2.5.5 Sheathless Systems -- References -- Chapter 5: Light Sources -- 5.1 Arc Lamps -- 5.2 Lasers -- 5.2.1 Gas Lasers -- 5.2.1.1 Argon Ion Lasers -- 5.2.1.2 Krypton Ion Lasers -- 5.2.1.3 Mixed-Gas Ion Lasers (Argon/Krypton) -- 5.2.1.4 Helium-Neon Atom Lasers -- 5.2.1.5 Helium-Cadmium Ion Lasers -- 5.2.1.6 Helium-Silver and Neon-Copper Metal Vapor Lasers -- 5.2.2 Solid-State Lasers (SSLs) -- 5.2.2.1 Ultraviolet (UV) Emitting SSLs -- Deep UV -- 320 nm -- 355 nm -- 5.2.2.2 Near-Ultraviolet Emitting SSLs -- 5.2.2.3 Violet Emitting SSLs -- 5.2.2.4 Blue Emitting SSLs -- Deep Blue -- Blue-Green -- 5.2.2.5 Green and Yellow-Green Emitting SSLs -- 532 nm -- 552 nm -- 561 nm -- 5.2.2.6 Orange Emitting SSLs. ; 5.2.2.7 Red Emitting SSLs -- Short Red -- Full Red -- 5.2.2.8 Infrared (IR) Emitting SSLs -- 5.2.2.9 Supercontinuum White Light Emitting SSLs -- 5.2.3 Liquid State Lasers (Dye Lasers) -- 5.3 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) -- References -- Chapter 6: Optical Benches -- 6.1 From the Light Source(s) to the Interrogation Point(s) -- 6.2 From the Interrogation Point(s) to the Detector(s) -- 6.3 Optical Bench Components -- 6.3.1 Absorption Filters -- 6.3.2 Interference Filters -- 6.3.3 Neutral Density Filters -- 6.3.4 Polarizing Filters -- 6.3.5 Beam Splitters -- 6.3.6 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) -- 6.3.7 Prisms, Gratings, Coarse WDM (CWDM) -- 6.4 Optical Bench Layouts -- 6.4.1 Transmission Benches -- 6.4.2 Reflection Benches -- 6.4.3 Multilaser Benches -- 6.4.3.1 Spaced Lasers and Separate Pathways/Detectors -- 6.4.3.2 Spaced Lasers and Shared Pathways/Detectors -- 6.4.3.3 Time Delay -- 6.4.3.4 Continuous Collinear Lasers -- 6.4.3.5 Pulsed Collinear Lasers -- 6.4.4 Special Solutions -- 6.4.4.1 Pie-Shaped Design -- 6.4.4.2 Benches for (De)Polarized Signals -- 6.4.4.3 Spectrally Enhanced Optical Benches -- References -- Chapter 7: Detectors and Electronics -- 7.1 Photodetectors -- 7.1.1 Photodiodes (PDs) -- 7.1.2 Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) -- 7.1.3 Photomultipliers (PMTs) -- 7.1.4 Multi-anode Photomultipliers -- 7.1.5 Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) -- 7.1.6 Charged-Coupled Devices (CCDs) -- 7.1.7 Trans-impedance Amplifiers (TIAs) -- 7.2 Circuitry -- 7.2.1 Analog Model -- 7.2.1.1 Baseline Restorers -- 7.2.1.2 Comparators and Threshold -- 7.2.1.3 Accessory Circuits -- 7.2.1.4 Amplifiers -- Linear Amplifiers -- Logarithmic Amplifiers -- 7.2.1.5 DC Restorers -- 7.2.1.6 Peak Detectors and Integrators -- Measurement of H (Peak Detectors) -- Measurement of A (Integrators) -- Measurement of W -- Pulse Processing Synchronization. ; 7.2.1.7 Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) -- Bit Number -- Clock Number -- 7.2.2 Digital Model -- 7.2.2.1 Data Acquisition Boards (DAQs) -- Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) -- Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) -- Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) -- 7.2.2.2 General Considerations on the Digital Model -- 7.2.3 Hybrid Model -- References -- Chapter 8: Signal Analysis -- 8.1 The Background -- 8.1.1 Instrumental Background (BCAL) -- 8.1.2 Experimental Background (Bsos) -- 8.2 The Pulse -- 8.2.1 Pulse Analysis in Analog Systems -- 8.2.2 Pulse Analysis in Digital Systems -- 8.2.2.1 Window´s Gate and Window´s Extension -- 8.2.2.2 Area Scaling -- 8.2.3 Practical Applications of Pulse Analysis -- 8.2.3.1 FSC-A vs. FSC-H vs. FSC-W -- 8.2.3.2 FL-A vs. FL-W -- 8.2.3.3 FL-H vs. FL-W -- 8.3 Dynamic Range of the Signal -- 8.3.1 Effective Resolution -- 8.3.2 Picket Fence Phenomenon -- References -- Chapter 9: The Cytometric File -- 9.1 FCS Format -- 9.2 Segments -- 9.2.1 Header Segment -- 9.2.2 Text Segment -- 9.2.3 Data Segment -- 9.2.4 Analysis Segment -- 9.2.5 Optional Segments -- 9.3 Keywords -- 9.3.1 Standard Keywords -- 9.3.1.1 Required Keywords -- 9.3.1.2 Optional Keywords -- 9.3.2 Non-standard Keywords -- 9.3.3 Relationships Between Keywords and Compensation Procedures -- References -- Chapter 10: Data Transformation -- 10.1 Logarithmic Transformation -- 10.2 Log-Like Transformations -- 10.3 Polynomial Transformation -- References -- Chapter 11: Data Representation -- 11.1 Histogram -- 11.1.1 Histograms of Lin Amplified Data -- 11.1.2 Histograms of Log Amplified/Transformed Data -- 11.1.3 Histograms of Log-Like Transformed Data -- 11.2 Cytograms -- 11.2.1 Representation by Dots (Dot Plot) -- 11.2.2 Representation by Contours (Contour Plot) -- 11.2.2.1 Logarithmic Density -- 11.2.2.2 Probability -- 11.2.3 Representation by False Colors or Gray Tones. ; 11.2.4 Pseudo-Three-Dimensional Representation -- 11.2.5 Three-Dimensional Representation -- References -- Chapter 12: Data Analysis -- 12.1 Immunofluorescence Measurements -- 12.1.1 The Vexed Question of the Negative Control -- 12.1.1.1 Isotype Control -- 12.1.1.2 Isoclonic Control -- 12.1.1.3 Fluorescence-Minus-One (FMO) Control -- 12.1.1.4 Unstained Control -- 12.1.2 Histograms -- 12.1.2.1 MFI (Mean Fluorescence Intensity) -- 12.1.2.2 RFI (Relative Fluorescence Intensity) -- 12.1.3 Cytograms -- 12.1.4 Weak Positivity in Immunofluorescence -- 12.1.4.1 Weak Positivity with a Negative Component -- 12.1.4.2 Weak Positivity Without an Apparent Negative Component -- 12.2 DNA Content Measurements -- 12.2.1 DNA Content versus BrdU Incorporation -- 12.3 Concept of Gate and Concept of Region -- 12.3.1 Combined (Boolean) Use of Regions and Gates -- 12.3.1.1 In the Determination of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) -- ISHAGE Protocol -- 12.3.1.2 In the Determination of the Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) -- 12.3.1.3 In the Augmentation of the Dimensionality in Cell Subset Analysis -- 12.4 Advanced Tools and Future Perspectives -- 12.4.1 Pre-processing Programs -- 12.4.1.1 Quality Assessment -- 12.4.1.2 Data Normalization -- 12.4.1.3 Data Compensation -- 12.4.1.4 Data Transformation -- 12.4.2 Data Processing Programs -- 12.4.2.1 Dimensionality Reduction Based Programs -- 12.4.2.2 Clustering-Based Programs -- References -- Chapter 13: Standards, Setup, Calibration, and Control Techniques -- 13.1 Standards in Flow Cytometry -- 13.1.1 Natural Standards -- 13.1.2 Artificial Standards -- 13.1.2.1 Type 0 Artificial Standards -- 13.1.2.2 Type I Artificial Standards -- 13.1.2.3 Type II Artificial Standards -- Type IIa -- Type IIb -- Type IIc -- 13.1.2.4 Type III Artificial Standards -- Type IIIa -- Type IIIb -- Type IIIc Standards in Daily Practice. ; 13.1.2.5 Primary Performance Parameters (PPP) -- 13.1.3 Standard Use in Quality Procedures -- 13.1.3.1 Internal Quality Controls (IQCs) -- 13.1.3.2 External Quality Assessments (EQAs) -- 13.2 Optical Bench Setup -- 13.3 Photodetectors´ Setup -- 13.3.1 SDen (Electronic Noise Standard Deviation) -- 13.3.2 PMT Setup -- 13.3.3 APD Setup -- 13.4 Calibration -- 13.4.1 Calibration in ERF -- 13.4.2 Calibration in MESF -- 13.4.3 Calibration in ABC -- 13.4.3.1 With Conjugated Antibodies -- 13.4.3.2 With Unconjugated Antibodies -- 13.4.4 Calibration in FLU -- 13.4.5 Calibration in Nanometers -- 13.5 Instrument Performance and Its Control -- 13.5.1 Linearity -- 13.5.2 Accuracy -- 13.5.2.1 Carry-over -- 13.5.2.2 Count Inaccuracy at High Speed -- 13.5.3 Resolution -- 13.5.4 Sensitivity -- 13.5.4.1 Q, Qr, Stain Index, and Other Indexes -- 13.5.4.2 Antibody Titration -- 13.5.5 Limits of Blank (LOB), Detection (LOD), and Quantification (LOQ) -- 13.5.5.1 LOB, LOD, and LOQ in the Detection of Weak Signals -- LOB (Limit of Blank) -- LOD (Limit of Detection) -- LOQ (Limit of Quantification) -- 13.5.5.2 LOB, LOD, and LOQ in Rare Event Analysis -- LOB (Limit of Blank) -- LOD (Limit of Detection) -- LOQ (Limit of Quantification) -- LOD and LOQ and Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) -- 13.5.6 Precision -- 13.5.7 Specificity -- References -- Chapter 14: Fluorochromes: Overview -- 14.1 Spectral Behavior of Fluorescent Molecules -- 14.2 Relationships with the Environment -- 14.2.1 Spectral Effects -- 14.2.1.1 Bathochromic Effect -- 14.2.1.2 Hypsochromic Effect -- 14.2.1.3 Hyperchromic Effect -- 14.2.1.4 Hypochromic Effect -- 14.2.1.5 Solvatochromic Effect -- 14.2.2 Other Effects -- 14.2.2.1 Extinction or Quenching -- 14.2.2.2 Photodestruction or Photobleaching -- 14.2.2.3 Non-radiative Transfer of Energy (FRET) -- 14.3 Accessory Groups -- References. ; Chapter 15: Fluorochromes Suitable for Antibody Conjugation.
• Titolo autorizzato: Flow Cytometry Today
• ISBN: 9783031108365; 9783031108358
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910631093503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II