Neutron Imaging : From Applied Materials Science to Industry

• Autore: Strobl Markus
• Pubblicazione: Bristol : , : Institute of Physics Publishing, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (472 pages)
• Soggetto topico: Neutron radiography; Materials science
• Altri autori: LehmannEberhard
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Editor biographies -- Markus Strobl -- Eberhard H Lehmann -- List of contributors -- Chapter History and basics of neutron imaging -- 1.1 First neutron images -- 1.2 Basics: the neutron -- 1.3 Context of neutron imaging -- 1.3.1 Neutron scattering -- 1.3.2 Complementarity to other imaging methods -- 1.3.3 In situ combinations with other (imaging) methods -- References -- Chapter State-of-the-art -- 2.1 State-of-the-art resolution -- 2.2 Applied contrast modalities -- 2.2.1 Conventional attenuation contrast -- 2.2.2 Diffraction contrast -- 2.2.3 Inelastic scattering contrast -- 2.2.4 Phase contrast -- 2.2.5 Dark-field contrast (small-angle scattering contrast) -- 2.2.6 De/polarization contrast -- 2.2.7 Resonance absorption contrast -- 2.3 Scattering imaging: scanning, gauging, 3DND-principles -- References -- Chapter Construction materials -- 3.1 Cement-based materials -- 3.1.1 Cement-based materials in hardened state -- 3.1.2 Early age cement-based materials -- 3.1.3 Reinforced concrete -- 3.2 Other construction materials -- 3.2.1 Masonry and other porous construction materials -- 3.2.2 Bitumens and asphalts -- References -- Chapter Nuclear materials -- 4.1 Nuclear fuels -- 4.1.1 Fresh fuel elements -- 4.1.2 Post-irradiation examinations -- 4.1.3 Fuel enrichment and isotopic distribution -- 4.2 Structural materials for nuclear applications -- 4.2.1 Zirconium alloys -- 4.2.2 Oxidation-hydrogen uptake mechanism -- 4.2.3 Kinetics of hydrogen uptake and diffusion, in situ investigations -- 4.2.4 High-resolution neutron imaging, HR-NI -- 4.2.5 Improvement of hydrogen quantification sensitivity -- 4.2.6 The characterization of irradiated Zr-claddings -- 4.2.7 Characterization of Zr microstructure and texture with neutron imaging -- 4.2.8 Effect of microstructure on the diffusion of hydrogen. ; 4.2.9 Influence of stress on hydrogen diffusion and hydrides precipitation -- 4.2.10 Delayed hydride cracking -- 4.2.11 Other structural materials -- 4.3 Reactor cooling and safety -- 4.4 Nuclear waste studies -- References -- Chapter Engineering -- 5.1 Hydrogen uptake in steels -- 5.2 Adhesive connections -- 5.3 Cracks in engineering components -- 5.4 Internal channels and complex structures -- 5.5 Deformation tests -- 5.6 Unveiling phases by advanced neutron imaging -- 5.7 Residual strains in engineering components -- 5.8 Crystallographic texture -- References -- Chapter Manufacturing -- 6.1 Soldering-brazing -- 6.2 Welding -- 6.3 Additive manufacturing -- 6.3.1 Imaging crystal structures -- 6.3.2 Imaging strain -- 6.3.3 Imaging defects -- 6.3.4 Imaging crystallographic texture -- 6.4 Single crystals and oligocrystals -- 6.5 Cold forming processes and tribological manufacturing methods -- 6.6 Sintered powders -- 6.7 Liquid metals -- References -- Chapter Processes in soil and plants -- 7.1 Water -- 7.2 Vadose zone hydrology -- 7.2.1 Static quantification of soil water content and soil organic matter -- 7.2.2 Flow and transport in porous media -- 7.2.3 Evaporation -- 7.2.4 Undisturbed and structured soils -- 7.3 Rhizosphere water dynamics -- 7.3.1 Root water uptake and flow in plants -- 7.3.2 Root growth and nutrition or pollution transport -- 7.3.3 Water dynamics in the shoot system and transpiration -- References -- Chapter Neutron imaging and wood -- 8.1 Neutron imaging and wood-theoretical considerations -- 8.2 Wood structure -- 8.3 Wood and adhesives -- 8.4 Wood and water -- 8.4.1 Determination of moisture content -- 8.4.2 Methods for determination of moisture content -- 8.4.3 Neutron imaging as a non-destructive testing method for the localization and quantification of wood moisture contents -- 8.5 Wood modification. ; 8.6 Wooden cultural heritage -- References -- Chapter Geology -- 9.1 Characterization of geomaterials -- 9.2 Dynamic processes in geomaterials -- 9.2.1 Rock hydrology and solute transport -- 9.2.2 Mechanics -- 9.2.3 Hydro-thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled processes -- 9.3 Outlook -- References -- Chapter Fuel cells and electrolysers -- 10.1 Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) -- 10.1.1 PEFC basics -- 10.1.2 Water in gas flow channels -- 10.1.3 Water in porous media -- 10.1.4 Distinction of liquid water and ice -- 10.2 Polymer electrolyte water electrolyzers (PEWEs) -- 10.2.1 PEWE basics -- 10.2.2 Water/gas distribution in flow channels -- 10.2.3 Water/gas distribution in porous media -- 10.2.4 Cation contamination -- 10.3 Solide oxide cells (SOC) -- 10.3.1 SOC basics -- 10.3.2 Redox behaviour of NiO-YSZ SOC anodes -- References -- Chapter Batteries -- 11.1 Visualization of lithium distribution in different battery technologies -- 11.1.1 Lithium plating -- 11.1.2 Lithium distribution in lithium-air batteries -- 11.1.3 Lithium distribution in intercalation materials -- 11.1.4 Li concentration in electrolytes -- 11.2 Mapping lithiation phases -- 11.3 Distribution and properties of the electrolyte -- 11.3.1 Dynamics of electrolyte filling of Li-ion batteries -- 11.3.2 Physico-chemical properties of electrolytes -- References -- Chapter Hydrogen economy -- 12.1 Hydrogen storage -- 12.1.1 Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides -- 12.1.2 Upscaling of metal hydride storage tanks -- 12.1.3 Hydrogen storage in porous media -- 12.1.4 Hydrogen in thin films -- 12.2 Catalysis -- 12.2.1 Elementary reactions on hydrogenation catalysts -- 12.2.2 Mass transport in catalysts and reactors -- References -- Chapter Magnetism -- 13.1 Soft magnetic materials -- 13.2 Ferromagnetic phase transitions -- 13.3 Superconductors and Skyrmion systems. ; 13.4 Macroscopic magnetic fields and devices -- References -- Chapter Soft matter -- 14.1 Foams -- 14.1.1 Polymere foaming -- 14.1.2 Aqueous foams -- 14.2 Gels -- 14.3 Food -- 14.4 Physical chemistry and rheology -- References -- Chapter Cultural heritage -- 15.1 Historic artworks -- 15.1.1 Studies about bronze artefacts from the Roman period, found in parts of Switzerland -- 15.1.2 Tomography studies of renaissance bronzes from the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, the Netherlands -- 15.1.3 Observation of the hidden content of Buddhist sacral figures of Tibetan origin -- 15.1.4 Preliminary studies about the casting methods in Southern India Chola bronze statues -- 15.2 Historic weapons -- 15.2.1 Neutron imaging capability to reveal morphological and microstructural features in iron and steel historical artefacts -- 15.2.2 The Swiss Degen-combining x-ray and neutron tomography data for the investigation of a mixed-material object -- 15.3 Relics and human bones -- References -- Chapter Natural heritage -- 16.1 Fossils -- 16.2 Dendrochronology -- 16.3 Meteorites -- 16.4 Gemmology -- References -- Chapter Conservation -- 17.1 Neutron imaging as a tool in conservation work -- 17.2 Block excavations of find objects -- 17.3 The gladius from Vindonissa -- 17.4 The 'violinist' from P Gargallo -- 17.5 Wood conservation -- 17.6 Stone conservation/consolidants -- 17.7 Paintings-monitoring of moisture content changes in canvas -- 17.8 Brass wind instruments-handling of historical objects -- 17.9 Appraisal of the effectivity of conservation treatment -- References -- Chapter Industry -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Automotive -- 18.2.1 Fuel injection -- 18.2.2 Carburetors -- 18.2.3 Particulate filters -- 18.2.4 Electric motors -- 18.3 Lubrication -- 18.4 Pharmaceutical industry -- 18.5 Aerospace -- 18.5.1 Aircraft structures -- 18.5.2 Turbine blade inspection. ; 18.5.3 Inspection of initiators for aerospace mission -- 18.6 Ceramics -- 18.7 Bonding -- 18.7.1 Adhesive connections -- 18.7.2 Brazing, soldering -- 18.7.3 Welding -- 18.8 Additional topics with relevance for industry -- 18.9 Summary and conclusions -- References -- Chapter Instruments and methods -- 19.1 Instruments at continuous and pulsed sources -- 19.2 Instruments with cold/thermal/fast neutrons -- 19.2.1 Thermal neutron imaging beamlines -- 19.2.2 Cold neutron imaging beamlines -- 19.3 Detector technology -- 19.4 Monochromatization -- 19.4.1 Velocity selectors -- 19.4.2 Crystal monochromators -- 19.5 The time-of-flight technique -- 19.5.1 ToF at short pulse sources -- 19.5.2 ToF at long pulse sources -- 19.5.3 ToF at continuous sources -- 19.6 Polarization -- 19.7 Beam modulation techniques for differential phase and dark-field imaging -- 19.7.1 Talbot-Lau interferometer -- 19.7.2 Far-field interferometer -- 19.7.3 Single grating -- 19.7.4 Spin-echo modulation -- 19.8 Complementary x-ray installation -- 19.9 Diffraction detectors -- 19.10 Infrastructure -- 19.10.1 Instrument -- 19.10.2 Sample environment -- 19.10.3 Safety -- References -- Chapter Image processing and software -- 20.1 Typical image processing workflows -- 20.1.1 Normalization -- 20.1.2 Noise and artefact reduction -- 20.1.3 Tomography reconstruction -- 20.1.4 Experiment specific analysis -- 20.2 Computed tomography -- 20.2.1 Iterative reconstruction techniques -- 20.2.2 Time series tomography -- 20.2.3 Tomography with limited data -- 20.3 Image artefacts -- 20.3.1 Noise in neutron images -- 20.3.2 Spots -- 20.3.3 Rings -- 20.3.4 Scattering and beam hardening -- 20.3.5 Detector lag -- 20.3.6 Motion artefacts -- 20.3.7 Errors introduced by incorrect geometry calibration -- 20.3.8 Beam divergence -- 20.4 Analyzing neutron images and modelling -- 20.4.1 Visual analysis. ; 20.4.2 Interpreting the grey levels.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book introduces neutron imaging with a focus on its applications in academic and industrial applied materials science to provide an inspiring overview of the potential of the method.
• Titolo autorizzato: Neutron Imaging
• ISBN: 9780750344920; 9780750334969
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911009247603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: IOP Ebooks Series