Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution : Principles and Engineering

• Autore: Lens Piet
• Pubblicazione: London : , : IWA Publishing, , 2020; ©2020
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (545 pages)
• Disciplina: 363.7/3
• Soggetto topico: Sulfur compounds; Pollution control equipment
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- Chapter 1: Environmental technologies to treat sulfur pollution: How to read this book? -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.2 THE SULFUR CYCLE -- 1.3 SULFUR-RELATED PROBLEMS -- 1.4 TECHNOLOGIES TO DESULFURISE RESOURCES -- 1.5 TREATMENT OF POLLUTION BY SULFUROUS COMPOUNDS -- 1.6 USE OF SULFUR CYCLE CONVERSIONS IN ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY -- REFERENCES -- Part II: The Sulfur Cycle -- Chapter 2: The chemical sulfur cycle -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.1.1 Oxidation states and redox potentials -- 2.1.2 Catenation of sulfur atoms -- 2.2 ELEMENTAL SULFUR AND HYDROPHOBIC SULFUR SOLS -- 2.2.1 Sulfur allotropes -- 2.2.2 Liquid sulfur -- 2.2.3 Gaseous sulfur -- 2.2.4 Sulfur sols from elemental sulfur (Weimarn sols) -- 2.3 SULFIDE AND POLYSULFIDES -- 2.3.1 Hydrogen sulfide and sulfide ions -- 2.3.2 Polysulfides and polysulfanes -- 2.3.3 Polysulfido complexes of transition metals and ion pairs -- 2.3.4 Oxidation of sulfide and polysulfide ions by metal ions -- 2.4 SULFITES, THIOSULFATES, DITHIONITES AND DITHIONATES -- 2.4.1 Sulfur dioxide, sulfite and disulfite ions as well as sulfurous and sulfonic acids -- 2.4.2 Thiosulfates and thiosulfuric acid -- 2.4.3 Dithionites and dithionous acid -- 2.4.4 Dithionates and dithionic acid -- 2.5 POLYTHIONATES AND HYDROPHILIC SULFUR SOLS -- 2.5.1 Polythionates and polythionic acids -- 2.5.2 Hydrophilic sulfur sols (Raffo and Selmi sols) -- 2.6 SULFURIC ACID AND SULFATES -- 2.7 DISPROPORTIONATION OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR IN WATER -- 2.8 ORGANIC DERIVATIVES OF THE TYPE R-Sn-R (ORGANOPOLYSULFANES) -- 2.8.1 Synthetic polysulfanes -- 2.8.2 Naturally occurring polysulfanes -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: A biochemical view on the biological sulfur cycle -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 IMPORTANT INORGANIC SULFUR COMPOUNDS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SULFUR CYCLE. ; 3.3 THE BIOLOGICAL SULFUR CYCLE -- 3.4 DISSIMILATORY REDUCTION OF OXIDIZED SULFUR COMPOUNDS -- 3.4.1 Dissimilatory reduction of sulfate -- 3.4.2 Dissimilatory reduction of sulfur cycle intermediates -- 3.4.2.1 Dissimilatory reduction of sulfite -- 3.4.2.2 Dissimilatory reduction of thiosulfate -- 3.4.2.3 Dissimilatory reduction of tetrathionate -- 3.4.2.4 Dissimilatory reduction of sulfur and polysulfides -- 3.5 DISSIMILATORY OXIDATION OF REDUCED SULFUR COMPOUNDS -- 3.5.1 Oxidation of thiosulfate -- 3.5.1.1 Oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate -- 3.5.1.2 Oxidation of thiosulfate to sulfate: the Sox system -- 3.5.1.3 Role of Sox proteins for oxidation of sulfur compounds other than thiosulfate -- 3.5.2 Tetrathionate oxidation -- 3.5.3 Oxidation of sulfide and polysulfides -- 3.5.3.1 Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase -- 3.5.3.2 Flavocytochrome c and multitude of sulfide-oxidizing systems -- 3.5.4 Oxidation of external sulfur -- 3.5.5 Biogenic sulfur globules -- 3.5.6 Sox-independent, cytoplasmic oxidation of sulfane sulfur to sulfite -- 3.5.6.1 rDsr pathway -- 3.5.6.2 sHdr pathway -- 3.5.6.3 Formation of sulfite via reactions involving molecular oxygen -- 3.5.6.3.1 Sulfur dioxygenase -- 3.5.6.3.2 Sulfur oxygenase reductase -- 3.5.7 Oxidation of sulfite -- 3.5.7.1 Oxidation of sulfite outside of the cytoplasm -- 3.5.7.2 Oxidation of sulfite in the cytoplasm -- 3.6 SULFUR DISPROPORTIONATION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Part III: Sulfur-Related Problems -- Chapter 4: Sulfur transformations in sewer networks: effects, prediction and mitigation of impacts -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 SEWER NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS AND RELATED POTENTIAL FOR SULFUR TRANSFORMATIONS -- 4.2.1 Microbial and chemical process characteristics of sewer networks -- 4.2.2 Wastewater characteristics -- 4.2.3 Sewer networks -- 4.2.4 Microbial and chemical processes. ; 4.2.5 Transport characteristics -- 4.2.6 Formulation of the sulfur cycle in sewer networks -- 4.3 EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN SEWERS -- 4.4 FACTORS AFFECTING SULFIDE RELATED PROBLEMS IN SEWERS -- 4.4.1 Presence of sulfate -- 4.4.2 Temperature -- 4.4.3 Dissolved oxygen -- 4.4.4 pH -- 4.4.5 Area-to-volume ratio of sewer pipes -- 4.4.6 Quality and quantity of biodegradable organic matter -- 4.4.7 Anaerobic residence time in the sewer network -- 4.4.8 Flow velocity -- 4.5 PREDICTION OF SULFIDE RELATED ADVERSE EFFECTS IN SEWERS -- 4.5.1 Empirical equations for sulfide formation in pressure sewers and full flowing gravity sewers -- 4.5.2 Simple formulated "risk models" for sulfide build-up in gravity sewers -- 4.5.3 Empirical equations for sulfide formation in gravity sewers -- 4.5.4 Analytical and conceptual formulated sewer process models -- 4.5.5 Computational and probabilistic models for sewer deterioration and service life -- 4.5.6 Final comments for prediction of sulfide related impacts on sewers -- 4.6 METHODS FOR CONTROL OF SULFIDE PROBLEMS IN SEWERS -- 4.6.1 Suppression or inhibition of sulfide formation -- 4.6.1.1 pH increase -- 4.6.1.2 Mechanical removal of biofilm -- 4.6.1.3 Injection of oxygen or nitrate dosing -- 4.6.2 Reduction of the sulfide concentration in the water phase -- 4.6.2.1 Addition of electron acceptors -- 4.6.2.2 Iron salt addition -- 4.6.3 Reduction or dilution of sewer gases -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5: Corrosion and sulfur-related bacteria -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 MECHANISMS -- 5.2.1 Corrosion of concrete -- 5.2.1.1 Formation of aqueous hydrogen sulfide -- 5.2.1.2 Radiation and buildup of hydrogen sulfide -- 5.2.1.3 Generation of sulfuric acid -- 5.2.1.4 Deterioration of concrete materials -- 5.2.2 Corrosion of carbon steel -- 5.2.2.1 Cathodic depolarization. ; 5.2.2.2 Chemical microbiologically influenced corrosion (CMIC) -- 5.2.2.3 Electrical microbiologically influenced corrosion (EMIC) -- 5.2.2.4 SOB influenced corrosion -- 5.3 MIC OBSERVATIONS -- 5.3.1 MIC of concrete -- 5.3.1.1 Corrosion areas -- 5.3.1.2 Corrosion rates -- 5.3.1.3 Cement types -- 5.3.1.4 Siliceous and calcareous aggregates -- 5.3.2 MIC of carbon steel -- 5.3.2.1 Corrosion caused by SRB -- 5.3.2.2 Corrosion caused by SOB -- 5.4 MITIGATION AND CONTROL MEASURES -- 5.4.1 For MIC of concrete -- 5.4.1.1 Improving sewer design features -- 5.4.1.2 Controlling sulfide in the sewer environment -- 5.4.1.3 Improving the performance of concrete -- 5.4.2 For MIC of carbon steel -- 5.4.2.1 Biocides -- 5.4.2.2 Inhibitors -- 5.4.2.3 Biological inhibition -- 5.4.2.4 Periodic pigging/assuring cleanliness -- 5.4.2.5 Protective coatings -- 5.4.2.6 Cathodic protection -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6: Biological treatment of organic sulfate-rich wastewaters -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF SULFATE-RICH WASTEWATERS -- 6.2.1 Competition between sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea -- 6.2.2 Sulfide toxicity in anaerobic digestion -- 6.2.3 Techniques for quantification of sulfide toxicity on microbial populations involved in anaerobic digestion -- 6.2.3.1 Specific methanogenic activity/toxicity tests -- 6.2.3.2 Specific sulfidogenic activity/toxicity tests -- 6.2.3.3 Determination of kinetic growth properties of microbial populations -- 6.2.4 Sulfite toxicity -- 6.2.5 Cation inhibition in anaerobic digestion -- 6.3 PROCESS TECHNOLOGY OF TREATMENT OF ORGANIC SULFATE-RICH WASTEWATERS -- 6.3.1 Modelling the effect of sulfide toxicity in anaerobic digestion -- 6.3.2 Alleviating sulfide toxicity -- 6.4 DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES FOR BIOLOGICAL SULFATE-REDUCTION EFFLUENTS -- 6.4.1 Sulfide partial oxidation to elemental sulfur. ; 6.4.2 Sulfide oxidation using nitrate as electron acceptor -- 6.5 SRB-BASED BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES -- 6.5.1 Treatment of inorganic sulfate-rich wastewaters -- 6.5.2 Heavy metal removal -- 6.5.3 Biodegradation of xenobiotics -- 6.5.4 Micro-aerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewaters -- 6.6 INTEGRATION OF SULFATE REDUCTION IN RESOURCE RECOVERY TECHNOLOGIES -- 6.6.1 Bio-commodities -- 6.6.2 Bio-electricity -- 6.6.3 Biomining and nanoparticles biosynthesis -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7: Biological removal of sulfurous compounds and metals from inorganic wastewaters -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 SULFUR-RICH WASTEWATERS ASSOCIATED WITH MINING ACTIVITIES -- 7.2.1 Origin of acid mine drainage -- 7.2.2 Chemical characteristics of AMD -- 7.2.3 Impact of AMD on the biosphere -- 7.3 PREVENTION, CONTAINMENT AND TREATMENT OF AMD -- 7.3.1 Non-biological prevention and remediation systems -- 7.3.2 Biological remediation systems -- 7.4 SULFATE REDUCTION IN MINE DRAINAGE WATERS AND OTHER EXTREMELY ACIDIC ENVIRONMENTS -- 7.4.1 Physiological constraints on sulfate- and sulfur-reduction -- 7.4.2 Acidophilic sulfate- and sulfur-reducing prokaryotes -- 7.5 BIOENGINEERING APPROACHES FOR REMEDIATING SULFATE-RICH MINE WATERS -- 7.5.1 Constructed wetlands -- 7.5.2 Bioreactor systems -- 7.5.3 Pros and cons of the options available for remediating acidic sulfurous wastewaters -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8: Electrochemical removal of sulfur pollution -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY TO TREAT SULFUR POLLUTION -- 8.2.1 Brief introduction to environmental electrochemistry -- 8.2.2 Basics of electrochemical engineering for environmental applications -- 8.2.2.1 The electrochemical cell -- 8.2.2.2 Thermodynamics of electrochemical reactions and the electrode potential -- 8.2.2.3 Overpotential and ohmic resistance. ; 8.2.2.4 Efficiencies of the electrochemical process.
• Sommario/riassunto: This comprehensive reference book, edited by Piet N.L. Lens, focuses on environmental technologies to treat sulfur pollution. The second edition is updated with new chapters on sulfur removal systems, sulfate radicals in advanced oxidation processes, and sulfur nanoparticle biosynthesis. It covers the sulfur cycle chemistry, microbiology, and innovative processes for treating sulfur-rich waste streams. The book includes case studies on sulfur pollution control in various settings, emphasizing resource recovery from sulfur-polluted wastes. It is intended for students in environmental sciences, technology, or engineering, as well as educators, researchers, and policymakers in sulfur-related fields.
• Titolo autorizzato: Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution
• ISBN: 9781523162291; 1523162295
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911007007303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Integrated Environmental Technology