Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality : A Global Perspective

• Autore: van Ham Maarten
• Pubblicazione: Springer Nature, 2021; Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2021; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (518 pages)
• Soggetto topico: Urban & municipal planning; Social issues & processes; Economic geography; Sociology: work & labour; Human geography; Population & demography
• Soggetto non controllato: Urban Geography / Urbanism (inc. megacities, cities, towns); Social Structure, Social Inequality; Economic Geography; Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology; Human Geography; Demography; Urban Geography and Urbanism; Social Structure; Economic Sociology; Population and Demography; Socio-Economic Segregation; Residential Segregation; Dissimiliarity Index; Income Inequality; Occupational Categories; Socio-Economic Groups; GINI-index; Large Cities / Metropoles; Neighbourhood Change; Open Access Book; Urban & municipal planning; Social & ethical issues; Sociology: work & labour; Population & demography
• Altri autori: TammaruTiit UbarevičienėRūta JanssenHeleen
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Part I Introduction -- 1 Rising Inequalities and a Changing Social Geography of Cities. An Introduction to the Global Segregation Book -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Approach and Justification -- 1.3 Income Inequality and Segregation -- 1.4 Main Results in Five Conclusions -- 1.5 A Global Segregation Thesis -- Appendix 1: Guidelines for Authors, Data, and Methods -- Appendix 2: Summary Table of Data Used for Each Case Study City -- Appendix 3: Occupational Structure of Comparable Case Study Cities (Source Individual Chapters in This Book) -- Appendix 4: Dissimilarity Indices Between Top and Bottom Socio-economic Status Groups, in All Years Provided by the Authors (Source Individual Chapters in This Book) -- References -- 2 Residential Segregation Between Income Groups in International Perspective -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Challenges of Comparing Segregation Across Borders -- 2.3 Method and Data -- 2.4 Results -- 2.5 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part II Africa -- 3 Income Inequality, Socio-Economic Status, and Residential Segregation in Greater Cairo: 1986-2006 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Social Geography of GCR -- 3.3 GCR as a Case in Point -- 3.4 Factors Influencing Residential Segregation in GCR -- 3.4.1 Income Inequality -- 3.4.2 Welfare Regime Politics -- 3.4.3 Centralized Urban Governance -- 3.4.4 Settlement Types: Formal and Informal -- 3.4.5 Housing Policies -- 3.5 Landscape of Residential Segregation in GCR, 1986-2006 -- 3.6 Spatial Distribution of Occupational Groups -- 3.7 Neighborhoods' Leading Specializations -- 3.8 Patterns of Socio-Economic Intermixing -- 3.9 Conclusions -- References -- 4 Social Inequality and Spatial Segregation in Cape Town -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Determinants of Residential Patterns -- 4.2.1 Racial Segregation: 1950s-1980s. ; 4.2.2 Market-Led Development: 1990s-2020 -- 4.2.3 State-Led Housing: 1990s-2020 -- 4.3 Inequality in the Labour Market -- 4.3.1 Data and Methods -- 4.3.2 Occupational Structure -- 4.3.3 Index of Dissimilarity -- 4.4 Socio-economic Segregation -- 4.4.1 Occupational Location Quotients -- 4.4.2 Socio-economic Status -- 4.4.3 Distribution of the Top Socio-economic Group -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Income Inequality and Socio-economic Segregation in the City of Johannesburg -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Drivers of Dominant Residential Patterns -- 5.2.1 Racial Segregation -- 5.2.2 Housing -- 5.2.3 Suburbs -- 5.3 Inequality in Johannesburg -- 5.3.1 Data Sources -- 5.3.2 Changes in Occupational Structure -- 5.3.3 Income Inequality -- 5.4 Socio-economic Segregation in Johannesburg -- 5.4.1 Dissimilarity Index -- 5.4.2 Location Quotient -- 5.4.3 Classification of Neighbourhoods by Socio-economic Composition -- 5.4.4 Location of Top Socio-economic Status Groups in 2001 and 2011 -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part III Asia -- 6 Dual Land Regime, Income Inequalities and Multifaceted Socio-Economic and Spatial Segregation in Hong Kong -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Context -- 6.2.1 Dual Land Regime -- 6.2.2 Housing System -- 6.2.3 Welfare System and Inequality -- 6.3 Census Data and Spatial Units -- 6.4 Spatial Patterns of Occupational and Income Disparities -- 6.4.1 Changing Occupational Structure and Growing Income Disparity -- 6.4.2 Socio-Economic Segregation -- 6.4.3 Residential Locations of Top and Bottom SES Workforce -- 6.4.4 Socio-Economic Composition of Neighbourhoods -- 6.5 Underlying Causes for Socio-Spatial Segregation -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in Jakarta -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Jakarta: The Core, Inner Peripheries and Outer Peripheries -- 7.3 Rapid Urbanization and Income Inequality. ; 7.4 Changes in Occupational Structures -- 7.5 Levels of Residential Segregation Between Socioeconomic Groups -- 7.6 Geography of Residential Segregation Between Socioeconomic Groups -- 7.7 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Socio-spatial Segregation and Exclusion in Mumbai -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Data and Methods -- 8.3 Real Estate and Increase of Slums in the City -- 8.4 Inter-religious Conflicts and the Segregation of Muslims -- 8.5 Segregation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Social Polarization and Socioeconomic Segregation in Shanghai, China: Evidence from 2000 and 2010 Censuses -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Residential Segregation in Large Cities in China -- 9.3 Data and Methods -- 9.3.1 Data -- 9.3.2 Methods -- 9.4 Results -- 9.4.1 Level of Segregation in Shanghai -- 9.4.2 Spatial Pattern of Occupation-Based Segregation in Shanghai -- 9.4.3 Spatial Pattern of Hukou-Based Segregation in Shanghai -- 9.5 Drivers of Changing Patterns of Residential Segregation in Shanghai -- 9.6 Conclusion and Discussion -- References -- 10 Increasing Inequality and the Changing Spatial Distribution of Income in Tel-Aviv -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Increasing Income Inequality in Israel and Socio-spatial Implications -- 10.3 Inequality Among Socio-demographic Groups in Israel -- 10.4 The Tel-Aviv MA: Development and Transition -- 10.5 Data and Methods -- 10.6 The Segregation Between Income Classes in the Tel-Aviv MA -- 10.7 Changing Spatial Distributions of Top and Bottom Income Quintiles in the Tel-Aviv MA -- 10.8 Changing Socioeconomic Compositions in Tel-Aviv Neighbourhoods -- 10.9 Conclusions -- References -- 11 Changes in Occupational Structure and Residential Segregation in Tokyo -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Context -- 11.2.1 Income Inequality -- 11.2.2 Welfare System -- 11.2.3 Housing System -- 11.2.4 Urban Policy. ; 11.3 Data and Methods -- 11.4 Occupational Structure -- 11.5 Residential Segregation -- 11.6 Spatial Distribution of Occupational Groups -- 11.6.1 Concentration of the Top Occupational Groups -- 11.6.2 Location Quotient for the Top and Bottom Occupational Groups -- 11.6.3 Classification of Neighborhoods by Socio-economic Composition -- 11.7 Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Part IV Australia -- 12 The Land of the 'Fair Go'? Mapping Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation Across Melbourne Neighbourhoods -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Welfare in Australia -- 12.3 Income Inequality in Australia -- 12.4 The Australian Housing System -- 12.5 Greater Melbourne -- 12.6 Neighbourhoods in the Australian Context -- 12.7 Change in Occupational Structure in Melbourne -- 12.8 Socioeconomic Segregation in Melbourne -- 12.8.1 Dissimilarity Index -- 12.8.2 Location Quotients (LQs) -- 12.8.3 Local Moran's I (LM-I) -- 12.8.4 Classification of Neighbourhoods by Socioeconomic Composition -- 12.8.5 Location of the Top Socioprofessional Group -- 12.9 Socioeconomic Segregation and Ethnic Segregation Patterns -- 12.10 Conclusions -- References -- Part V Europe -- 13 Making Sense of Segregation in a Well-Connected City: The Case of Berlin -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 From Divided to Gentrified City -- 13.3 Methods -- 13.4 Socioeconomic Segregation -- 13.5 Segregation by Foreigner/Migration Background -- 13.6 How Does Segregation Matter? -- 13.7 Conclusion -- References -- 14 Socio-spatial Disparities in Brussels and its Hinterland -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Background -- 14.3 Space, Data and Methods -- 14.3.1 Space Delimitation and Spatial Units -- 14.3.2 Data and Definitions -- 14.3.3 Methods -- 14.4 Findings -- 14.4.1 Location Quotients -- 14.4.2 Income Classification of Neighbourhoods -- 14.4.3 Location of High-Income Earners. ; 14.4.4 Dissimilarity Indices -- 14.4.5 The Local Spots of Change -- 14.5 Discussion -- References -- 15 Residential Segregation in a Highly Unequal Society: Istanbul in the 2000s -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Background: Frantic years of 2000s -- 15.3 Studying Segregation in Istanbul -- 15.4 Data and Method -- 15.5 Results -- 15.5.1 Classification and Mapping of Neighbourhoods -- 15.5.2 From 2000 to 2017: Exodus of the Poor -- 15.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 16 Segregation in London: A City of Choices or Structures? -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 Ethnicity -- 16.1.2 Economic -- 16.1.3 Housing -- 16.1.4 Chapter Outline -- 16.2 Inequality and Occupational Segregation -- 16.3 Location Quotient Maps -- 16.4 Maps of Typologies -- 16.4.1 Location of the Top Occupational Group -- 16.5 Contrasting Dimensions of Segregation -- 16.6 Conclusions -- References -- 17 Income Inequality and Segregation in the Paris Metro Area (1990-2015) -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Background -- 17.2.1 The Role of Immigrant Residential Segregation -- 17.2.2 The Role of Urban Policy and Public Housing -- 17.2.3 The Role of Rising Income Inequality -- 17.3 Data and Methods -- 17.4 Results -- 17.4.1 Changes in Occupational Structure and Inequality -- 17.4.2 Residential Patterns of Occupational Groups in the Paris Metro Area -- 17.4.3 Occupational and Immigrant Segregation -- 17.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part VI North America -- 18 Growing Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in the Chicago Region -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 The Chicago Region -- 18.2.1 The Economy -- 18.2.2 The Welfare System -- 18.2.3 Demographics -- 18.2.4 The Housing System -- 18.3 Analysis and Results -- 18.3.1 Income Inequality -- 18.3.2 Occupational Structure -- 18.3.3 Dissimilarity Index -- 18.3.4 Location of Top Occupational Groups -- 18.3.5 Location Quotients (LQs). ; 18.3.6 Residential Segregation Based on Socioeconomic Status.
• Sommario/riassunto: This open access book investigates the link between income inequality and socio-economic residential segregation in 24 large urban regions in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. It offers a unique global overview of segregation trends based on case studies by local author teams. The book shows important global trends in segregation, and proposes a Global Segregation Thesis. Rising inequalities lead to rising levels of socio-economic segregation almost everywhere in the world. Levels of inequality and segregation are higher in cities in lower income countries, but the growth in inequality and segregation is faster in cities in high-income countries. This is causing convergence of segregation trends. Professionalisation of the workforce is leading to changing residential patterns. High-income workers are moving to city centres or to attractive coastal areas and gated communities, while poverty is increasingly suburbanising. As a result, the urban geography of inequality changes faster and is more pronounced than changes in segregation levels. Rising levels of inequality and segregation pose huge challenges for the future social sustainability of cities, as cities are no longer places of opportunities for all.
• Titolo autorizzato: Urban Socio-Economic Segregation and Income Inequality
• ISBN: 3-030-64569-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910473455403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Urban Book Series.