Levulinic acid : a sustainable platform chemical for value-added products / / Claudio J. A. Mota [and three others]

• Autore: Mota Claudio J. A.
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2023
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xiii, 210 pages) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 547.036
• Soggetto topico: Ketonic acids
• Nota di contenuto: About the Authors -- Preface -- 1 Levulinic Acid - History, Properties, Global Market, Direct Uses, Safety -- 1.1 History and Properties -- 1.2 Global Market -- 1.3 Direct Uses -- 1.4 Toxicity of Levulinic Acid and Inorganic Levulinates -- 1.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2 Production and Technological Routes -- 2.1 Production and Technological Routes from Biomass -- 2.2 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 2.2.1 Physical Pretreatment -- 2.2.1.1 Mechanical -- 2.2.1.2 Microwave -- 2.2.1.3 Ultrasound -- 2.2.2 Chemical Pretreatment -- 2.2.2.1 Acid Hydrolysis -- 2.2.2.2 Alkaline Hydrolysis -- 2.2.2.3 Ionic Liquids -- 2.2.2.4 Organosolv -- 2.2.3 Physicochemical Pretreatment -- 2.2.3.1 Steam Explosion (SE) -- 2.2.3.2 Liquid Hot Water (LHW) -- 2.2.3.3 Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) -- 2.2.3.4 Supercritical CO 2 Explosion -- 2.2.4 Biological Pretreatment -- 2.3 Production of Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 2.3.1 Processes for LA Production: Homogeneous Catalysts -- 2.3.2 Processes for LA Production: Heterogeneous Catalysts -- 2.3.3 Processes for LA Production: Biphasic Systems -- 2.3.4 The Biofine Process of LA Production -- 2.3.5 Downstream Process of LA Recovery -- 2.4 Commercial Plants for the Production of LA -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Levulinate Derivatives - Main Production Routes and Uses of Organic and Inorganic Levulinates Derivatives -- 3.1 Main Production Routes -- 3.1.1 Esterification of Levulinic Acid -- 3.1.2 Direct Production from the Alcoholysis of Polyschacarides -- 3.1.3 Alcoholysis of Furfural -- 3.1.4 Alcoholysis of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural -- 3.1.5 Production of Levulinate Inorganic Salts -- 3.2 Importance and Market of the Levulinate Derivatives -- 3.3 Uses of Organic Levulinate Derivatives -- 3.3.1 Food and Cosmetic -- 3.3.2 Fuel Additives -- 3.3.3 Plasticizers -- 3.3.4 Solvents -- 3.4 Uses of Inorganic Levulinate Derivatives -- 3.4.1 Antifreeze Additive -- 3.4.2 Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical, and Food -- 3.4.3 Miscellaneous Applications -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation -- 4.1 Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation Products -- 4.1.1 γ-Valerolactone (GVL) -- 4.1.1.1 GVL Versus Ethanol -- 4.1.1.2 2-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) -- 4.1.1.3 1,4-Pentanediol (1,4-PDO) -- 4.1.1.4 Alkyl Valerates -- 4.2 Performance of GVL as Fuel Additive -- 4.3 Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone -- 4.3.1 Conversion of GVL into 1,4-PDO and 2-MTHF -- 4.3.2 GVL to Butenes and Hydrocarbons -- 4.4 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Efficient Conversion of LA to GVL -- 4.4.1 Precious Metal Catalysts -- 4.4.2 Nonprecious Metal Catalyst -- 4.4.2.1 Copper-Based Catalysts -- 4.4.2.2 Nickel-Based Catalysts -- 4.4.2.3 Zirconium-Based Catalysts -- 4.4.2.4 Iron-Based Catalysts -- 4.5 Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of LA and GVL to 1,4-PDO and 2-MTHF -- 4.6 Types of Hydrogenating Agents -- 4.7 Patent Search of LA Hydrogenation -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Carbonyl Reactions of Levulinic Acid - Ketals and Other Derivatives Formed Upon Reaction with the Carbonyl Group of Levulinic Acid. Production Routes, Technologies, and Main Uses -- 5.1 Levulinc Acid Ester Ketals Main Routes -- 5.1.1 Levulinic Acid Ester Ketals Main Uses -- 5.2 Succinic Acid -- 5.2.1 Petrochemical and Biotechnological Routes -- 5.2.2 Levulinic to Succinic Acid -- 5.2.3 Succinic Acid Main Uses -- 5.3 δ-Aminolevulinic Acid (DALA) Main Routes -- 5.3.1 δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Main Uses -- 5.4 5-Methyl-N-Alkyl-2-Pyrrolidone Main Routes -- 5.4.1 5-Methyl-N-Alkyl-2-Pyrrolidone Main Uses -- 5.5 Diphenolic Acid Main Routes -- 5.5.1 Diphenolic Levulinic Acid Main Uses -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Levulinic Acid in the Context of a Biorefinery -- 6.1 Biorefinery -- 6.2 Sugar-Based Biorefinery -- 6.3 Levulinc Acid and Levulinates from a Sugar Cane Biorefinery -- 6.4 Production of γ-Valerolactone in a Sugar Cane Biorefinery -- 6.5 LA in the Context of a Biodiesel Plant -- 6.6 Conclusions -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: "This book presents a comprehensive but concise overview of the production routes and technologies for levulinic acid, as well as its derivatives and commercial uses. Following an introduction to Levulinic Acid, including an overview of its history, properties, global market and direct uses, the book then goes on to cover the following topics in detail: ? Routes and technologies for the production of levulininc acid from biomass and fossil sources, including a brief discussion about existing commercial plants. ? Levulinate derivatives: discusses the main production routes and uses of organic and inorganic levulinate derivatives ? Levulinic acid hydrogenation: covers g-Valerolactone (GVL), Angelica lactone, 1,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-tetrahydrofuran (MTHF), hydrocarbons and other products of hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid, including discussion of production routes, technologies and main uses. ? Carbonyl reactions of levulinic acid: ketals and other derivatives formed upon reaction with the carbonyl group of levulininc acid, including discussion of production routes, technologies and main uses. ? Levulinic acid in the context of a biorefinery: other potential derivatives, process integration, and feedstock sources."--
• Altri titoli varianti: Levulinic Acid
• Titolo autorizzato: Levulinic acid
• ISBN: 1-119-81471-5; 1-119-81468-5; 1-119-81469-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910831160703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II