Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease

• Autore: Conn P. Michael
• Pubblicazione: San Diego : , : Elsevier Science & Technology, , 2017; ©2017
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1200 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.027; 616.0273
• Soggetto topico: Disease Models, Animal
• Persona (resp. second.): ConnP. Michael
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Part A - Ethics, resources, and approaches -- Chapter 1 - Ethics in Biomedical Animal Research: The Key Role of the Investigatora -- 1 - Nature and Scope of the Chapter -- 2 - The Subject Matter of Biomedical Animal Research Ethics -- 3 - Why Investigators Should Care About Biomedical Animal Research Ethics -- 3.1 - Investigators are Already Committed to High Ethical Standards -- 3.2 - Ethical Treatment of Animals is Required by Law -- 3.2.1 - General Commitment to Ethical Behavior -- 3.2.2 - Legal Requirements Reflecting General or Specific Ethical Principles -- 3.3 - Ethical Treatment of Animals Promotes Sound Scientific Results -- 3.4 - Ethical Treatment of Animals is Required by Funding Bodies -- 3.5 - Ethical Treatment of Animals is Required by Peer-Reviewed Journals -- 3.5.1 - The ARRIVE Guidelines -- 3.6 - Ethical Treatment of Animals is Essential for Public Support -- 3.7 - Ethical Treatment of Animals is the Right Thing to Do -- 4 - Aspects of Animal Use and Care Relevant to Biomedical Animal Research Ethics -- 5 - Use of Privately Owned Animals in Biomedical Research -- 6 - The Nature of Basic Animal Research -- 6.1 - "Basic" Research as the Search for Knowledge for its Own Sake -- 6.2 - "Basic" Research as the Search for Fundamental, Underlying Mechanisms, and Causes -- 6.3 - What Investigators Mean by "Basic" Animal Research -- 6.4 - Recommendations -- 7 - Why Investigators Play the Key Role in Ensuring the Ethical Conduct of Animal Research Projects -- 7.1 - The Nature of Principles of Biomedical Animal Research Ethics -- 7.2 - The Need for Scientific Expertise in Applying General Ethical Principles -- 7.3 - The Investigator as Captain of the Experimental Ship -- 7.3.1 - Primacy of Project Goals. ; 7.3.2 - Design and Implementation of Experimental Procedures -- 7.3.3 - The Importance of Sound Science in Ensuring Ethical Animal Experimentation -- 7.4 - The Role of Review Committees and Government Officials in Assessing the Ethical Appropriateness of Animal Experiments -- 7.4.1 - Ethical Review in the United States -- 8 - Sources of Guidance for Investigators in Conducting Ethical Research -- 8.1 - Scientific Resources -- 8.2 - Ethical and Ethically Relevant Resources -- 8.2.1 - Legally Mandated Ethical Principles -- 8.2.2 - Nongovernmental Documents Adherence to Which is Required by Law -- 8.2.3 - Publications of Workshops, Study Committees, and Nongovernmental Entities -- 8.2.4 - Ethical Guidelines of Professional Associations -- 9 - Developing Useful Ethical Guidelines -- 10 - Fundamental Principles of biomedical animal Research Ethics -- F1 - The Biomedical Research Principle -- F2 - The Animal Research Principle -- F3 - The Nuremberg Principle -- F4 - The Pain and Distress Minimization Principle -- F4.1 - Ethical Foundations of the Pain and Distress Minimization Principle -- F4.2 - Qualifications to the Pain and Distress Minimization Principle -- Uncertainty Regarding Minimization -- Imprecision in Estimates of Animal Pain or Distress -- F4.3 - The Incompleteness of the Pain and Distress Minimization Principle -- F5 - The Pain and Distress Justification Principle -- F6 - The Harm Justification Principle -- F6.1 - Determining the Value of a Research Project -- Medical Value of the Project -- Scientific Value of the Project -- F6.2 - Determining Whether the Value of a Project Justifies any Pain, Distress, or Other Harms Caused to the Animals -- Assessing the Project's Medical Value -- Assessing the Nature and Extent of Harms to the Animals. ; the project's scientific value as the justificatory link between medical value and harms to the animals -- predictability of results and scientific value -- likely limited impact of successful experimental results -- value of unsuccessful projects -- unpredictability of the impact of research results -- F6.3 - Problematic Expressions of the Harm Justification Principle: "Harm-Benefit Analysis" -- why the harm justification principle when properly interpreted should not require likely benefits -- problematic responses to the problem for the harm-benefit analysis of basic animal research -- F6.4 - Further Needed Discussion of the Harm Justification Principle -- F7 - The Harm Minimization Principle -- F8 - The General Justification Principle -- F8.1 - Applying the General Justification Principle to Projects That do and Those That do not Cause Animals Harm -- F8.2 - Why Many Projects That do not Harm Animals Will be Easily Justified -- F9 - The 3Rs Principle -- F9.1 - Redefinition of "Replacement" -- F9.2 - Redefinition of "Refinement" -- F9.3 - The Need for Clarity and Argument -- F10 - The Species-Appropriate Housing Principle -- F10.1 - Definitions of and Ethical Arguments for Research Animal "Well-Being" -- Well-Being as Absence of Pain or Distress -- Well-Being as Including Positive Feelings and Experiences -- Questions About Providing Positive Experiences to Research Animals -- F10.2 - Environmental Enrichment -- Differing Definitions of "Enrichment" -- Differing Views of the Aims of Enrichment -- Potential Effects on Research Results -- F11 - The Appropriate Care Principle -- F12 - The Appreciation Principle -- F13 - The Translation Principle -- 11 - Practical Ethical Guidelines for Investigators -- P1 - Approach all phases and aspects of an animal research project with the aim of making the project ethically as well as ... ; P2 - Appreciate that as the source of the project's scientific goals, you play the key role in determining whether the proj... -- P3 - Keep in mind that the central question in the ethical assessment of a project is whether its value justifies its use a... -- P4 - To be able to make the strongest case for the medical value of the project, always keep up-to-date information and doc... -- P5 - Design the project with the maximum possible scientific value, by framing sound scientific questions that relate to th... -- P6 - If the project has the potential to cause harms to animals, specifically pain or distress, but also any other signific... -- P7 - In designing and conducting the project, take all reasonable steps to minimize any pain or distress that the animals m... -- P8 - Regard your attending veterinarian as a constant source of information and guidance during all stages of the project -- P9 - Collect, read, and regularly consult publications that enunciate or apply ethical principles relevant to your research -- P10 - Although you should follow legal requirements applicable to the project, when such requirements impose only minimum e... -- 12 - Some Current Difficult Issues in Animal Research Ethics -- 12.1 - The Nature and Weight of Harms to be Justified by the Value of Animal Research Projects -- Unpleasant Experiences Other Than Pain and Distress -- Frustration of an Animal's Nature or Telos -- Killing Research Animals -- 12.2 - Ethical Relevance of Species and Species Characteristics -- The IOM Chimpanzee Report -- The Relative Moral Cost View -- Criteria for Ranking Species -- Number of Ranked Categories -- Research Implications of Species Rankings -- 13 - General Suggestions for Investigators -- S1 - Communicate to the public the nature and potential benefits of your research, and the ethical values and standards you... ; S2 - Become familiar with some of the animal research ethics literature -- S3 - Participate in discussions of ethical issues relating to biomedical animal research -- References -- Chapter 2 - Psychological Environmental Enrichment of Animals in Research -- 1 - Introduction -- 2 - Enrichment and Welfare -- 2.1 - Why Enrich? -- 2.2 - Common Abnormal Behaviors Seen in Captivity -- 2.3 - Types of Enrichment -- 2.3.1 - Social Enrichment -- 2.3.2 - Physical Enrichment -- 2.3.3 - Food Enrichment -- 2.3.4 - Sensory Enrichment -- 2.3.5 - Occupational Enrichment -- 3 - Enrichment and Animal Models -- 3.1 - Neuroplasticity and Neurogenesis -- 3.2 - Neurological Disorders -- 3.3 - Affective Disorders -- 3.4 - Obesity -- 3.5 - Cancer -- 4 - Enrichment and Experimental Variability -- 5 - Implementing an Enrichment Plan -- 5.1 - Understand the Natural History of the Species you are Trying to Enrich -- 5.2 - Devise Enrichment Plans With Specific Behavioral Outcomes in Mind -- 5.3 - Do no Harm -- 5.4 - Consider the Costs of the Enrichment -- 5.5 - "Listen" to the Animals to Determine Whether They Find the Enrichment Enriching -- 5.6 - Predictability is Important -- 5.7 - Document -- 6 - Example of an Enrichment Plan: Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) -- 7 - Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter 3 - Large Farm Animal Models of Human Neurobehavioral and Psychiatric Disorders: Methodological and Practical Considera... -- 1 - Animal Models -- 2 - Why Animal Experimental Studies? -- 3 - Animal Models in Biomedical Research -- 4 - Concerns About the Translatability of Findings From Animal Experimental Studies -- 5 - Translational Research -- 6 - Choice of Appropriate Animal Model -- 7 - Where in the Process of Modeling Human Diseases and Developing Putative Therapeutics Have Large Animal Models Been Used?. ; 8 - Which Model Animal Species Are Classified as Large in Scientific Research?.
• Titolo autorizzato: Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease
• ISBN: 0-12-809699-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910583483703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II