Opportunities in chemistry : today and tomorrow / / George C. Pimentel, Janice A. Coonrod

• Autore: Pimentel George C
• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1987
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (254 pages) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 540/.72073
• Soggetto topico: Chemistry - Research - United States; Chemistry - Vocational guidance - United States
• Altri autori: CoonrodJanice A
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Opportunities in Chemistry Today and Tomorrow -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- OPPORTUNITIES IN Chemistry TODAY AND TOMORROW -- Chapter I Introduction -- Chapter II Environmental Quality Through Chemistry -- NO DEPOSIT, NO RETURN, NO PROBLEM -- Chapter II Environmental Quality Through Chemistry -- TURNING DETECTION INTO PROTECTION -- OZONE IN THE STRATOSPHERE -- REDUCING ACID RAIN -- GUARDING AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE: THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT -- CLEANER WATER AND SAFE DISPOSAL OF WASTES -- RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT -- SUPPLEMENTARY READING -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Scientific American -- ACS Information Pamphlets -- Chapter III Human Needs Through Chemistry -- WHIPPING A WICKED WEED -- III-A. More Food -- Plant Hormones and Growth Regulators -- Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), an Auxin (1) -- Gibberellic Acid (GA) (2) -- Cytokinins (3) -- Ethylene (4) -- Strigol (5) -- G2 Factor or Trigonelline (6) -- Glycinoeclepin A (7) -- Insect Hormones and Growth Regulators -- Molting Hormones (MH) (8) -- Juvenile Hormone (JH) (9) -- Anti-Juvenile Hormones -- Natural Defense Compounds: Antifeedants -- Insect Pheromones -- Pesticides -- Insecticides -- Herbicides -- Fungicides -- Special Techniques -- Fixation of Nitrogen and Photosynthesis -- Nitrogen Fixation -- Photosynthesis -- Food From the Sea -- Isolation and Characterization Techniques of Bioactive Molecules -- Conclusion -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- BEAUTY IS ONLY SKIN DEEP -- III-B. New Processes -- Heterogeneous Catalysis -- Molecular Sieve Synthesis and Catalysis -- Metal Catalysis -- Conversion Catalysts -- Catalysts to Improve the Quality of Air and Water -- Homogeneous Catalysis -- Activation of Inert Molecules -- Metal Cluster Chemistry -- Stereoselective Catalysts -- Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis. ; Photocatalysis -- Electrocatalysis -- Chemistry at the Solid/Liquid Interface -- Artificial-Enzyme Catalysis -- Controlled Molecular Topography and Designed Catalysts -- Biomimetic Enzymes -- Conclusion -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- A LITHIUM-POWERED HEART -- III-C. More Energy -- Petroleum -- Recovery -- Refining -- Chemistry on a Catalytic Surface -- Combustion -- Natural Gas -- Coal -- Shale Oil and Tar Sands -- Biomass -- Solar Energy -- Nuclear Energy -- Fusion Energy -- Conclusion -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Scientific American -- Chem Matters -- STONE AGE, IRON AGE, POLYMER AGE -- III-D. New Products and Materials -- Plastics and Polymers -- Polymers as Structural Materials -- Liquid Crystals and Polymer Liquid Crystals -- Block Polymers and Self-Organized Solids -- Novel Optical Materials -- Optical Fibers -- Optical Switches -- Novel Electrical Conductors -- Semiconductors -- Conducting Stacks -- Organic Conductors -- Superconductors -- Solid-State Ionic Conductors -- Acentric Materials -- Conducting Glasses -- Materials for Extreme Conditions -- New Synthetic Techniques -- Some Examples-Real and Projected -- Conclusion -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Scientific American -- Chem Matters -- RX-SNAKE BITE -- III-E. Better Health -- Notable Scientific Advances During the Last 15 Years -- Enzyme Inhibitors -- Receptors -- Antibiotic Research -- Antibacterials -- Antivirals -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Hypertension -- Atherosclerosis -- Heart Failure -- Arrhythmia -- Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) -- Cancer Research -- Carcinogenesis -- Chemotherapy -- Inflammatory and Immunological Diseases and Defense Systems -- Advances in Fertility Control and Fertility Induction -- Vitamins -- Conclusion. ; Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Scientific American -- Chem Matters -- A PAC-MAN FOR CHOLESTEROL -- III-F. Biotechnologies -- DNA-What is it? -- Proteins-What Do they Do? -- Recombinant DNA Technologies -- Biotechnology Application to Medicine -- Bioengineering -- Biocatalysis -- Conclusion -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- MAGNETIC FLUIDS-ATTRACTIVE POSSIBILITIES -- III-G. Economic Benefits -- Introduction -- Energy and Feedstocks -- Renewing our Industries -- New Horizons -- Biotechnology -- High-Technology Ceramics -- Advanced Composites and Engineering Plastics -- Photoimaging -- Microelectronic Devices -- Molecular-Scale Computers -- Conclusion -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Scientific American -- Chapter IV Intellectual Frontiers in Chemistry -- THE TIME IT TAKES TO WAG A TAIL -- IV-A. Control of Chemical Reactions -- Molecular Dynamics -- Fast Chemical Processes -- Energy Transfer and Movement -- State-to-State Chemistry -- Multiphoton and Multiple Photon Excitation -- Mode-Selective Chemistry -- Theoretical Calculations of Reaction Surfaces -- New Reaction Pathways -- Organic Chemistry -- Inorganic Chemistry -- Selective Pathways in Organic Synthesis -- Crossing Inorganic/Organic Boundaries -- Pathways Using Light as a Reagent -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Scientific American -- JACK AND THE SOYBEAN STALK -- IV-B. Dealing with Molecular Complexity -- Synthesis and Biosynthesis -- Synthesis of Natural Products -- Biosynthesis of Natural Products -- The Chemical Synthesis of DNA -- Structures of Macromolecules -- Structural Studies on Dihydrofolate Reductases and Their Inhibitors -- Frontiers in the Chemistry of Genetic Material -- Structure and Function in Biochemistry. ; Gene Structure and RNA Splicing -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Chem Matters -- SOMETHING FOR NOTHING -- IV-C. National Well-Being -- Chemistry at Solid Surfaces -- The Structure of Solid Surfaces -- Adsorbed Molecules -- Chemical Bonding at the Surface -- Coadsorption on Surfaces -- Condensed-Phase Studies -- Optical and Electronic Properties of Solids -- Liquids -- Critical Phenomena -- Chemistry of the Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Materials -- Analytical Chemistry -- Analytical Separations -- Optical Spectroscopy -- Mass Spectrometry -- Combined ("Hyphenated") Techniques -- Electroanalytical Chemistry -- Separations Sciences -- Separations Chemistry -- Nuclear Chemistry -- Studies of Nuclei and Their Properties -- Space Exploration -- Isotopic Composition -- Nuclear Chemistry in Medicine -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Chapter V Instrumentation in Chemistry -- A LASER FLASHLIGHT -- V-A. Instrumentation for Study of Chemical Reactions -- Lasers -- Developments in the Last Decade -- Chemical Applications -- Computers -- Superminicomputers -- Mainframe and Supercomputers -- Molecular Beams -- Capabilities -- Synchrotron Light Sources -- Characteristics of Synchrotron Sources -- Applications of Synchrotron Sources in Chemistry -- Free-Electron Lasers -- Potential Capabilities -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- THE ANT THAT DOESN'T LIKE LICORICE -- V-B. Instrumentation Dealing with Molecular Complexity -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) -- Solution NMR -- Fourier Transform NMR (FT NMR) -- Solid-State NMR -- Two-Dimensional NMR -- Imaging -- NMR Performance, Availability, and Costs -- Mass Spectrometry (MS) -- Applicability -- Sensitivity and Selectivity -- Costs -- X-Ray Diffraction -- Applications -- Molecular Graphics -- Neutron Diffraction. ; Applications -- Electron Spin Resonance -- Applications -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- CISPLATIN-THE STRONG, SILENT TYPE -- V-C. Instrumentation and the National Well-Being -- Surface Science Instrumentation -- Instruments for the Study of Surfaces -- Surface Analysis -- Chromatography -- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- Capillary Chromatography -- Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) -- Infrared Spectroscopy -- Computer-Aided Spectrometers -- Applications -- Other Instrumentation -- Supplementary Reading -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Chapter VI The Risk/Benefit Equation in Chemistry -- INVESTIGATING SMOG SOUP -- Chapter VI The Risk/Benefit Equation in Chemistry -- FEARS OF THE MODERN AGE -- WHAT IS TOXIC? -- RISK ASSESSMENT -- What Is Epidemiology? -- What Causes What? -- Animal Tests -- Is There a Dose-Time Relationship? -- Summary -- RISK MANAGEMENT -- Acceptable Risk -- Comparable Risks -- Who Is at Risk? -- MEDIA TREATMENTS OF CHEMICAL SPILLS -- LARGE-SCALE USES OF CHEMICALS -- Seveso and Dioxin -- Bhopal and Methyl Isocyanate -- The DDT Story -- CONCLUSION -- SUPPLEMENTARY READING -- Chemical & -- Engineering News -- Science -- Chapter VII Career Opportunities and Education in Chemistry -- LIBRARIES INTO SPACE -- Chapter VII Career Opportunities and Education in Chemistry -- CHEMISTRY: AN ACTIVITY OF CREATIVE INDIVIDUALISTS -- THE BACHELORS DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY (AB OR BS) -- THE DOCTORAL DEGREE IN CHEMISTRY (PH.D.) -- Chemistry Doctorates in U.S. Education -- Post-Baccalaureate Educational Patterns for Chemists -- CAREER DIRECTIONS -- SUPPLEMENTARY READING -- ACS Information Pamphlets -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Experts agree that the nation would benefit if more young people "turned on" to the sciences. This book is designed as a tool to do just that. It is based on Opportunities in Chemistry, a National Research Council publication that incorporated the contributions of 350 researchers working at the frontiers of the field. Chemistry educators Janice A. Coonrod and the late George C. Pimentel revised the material to capture the interest of today's student. A broad and highly readable survey, the volume explores: The role of chemistry in attacking major problems in environmental quality, food production, energy, health, and other important areas. Opportunities at the leading edge of chemistry, in controlling basic chemical reactions and working at the molecular level. Working with lasers, molecular beams, and other sophisticated measurement techniques and tools available to chemistry researchers. The book concludes with a discussion of chemistry's role in society's risk-benefit decisions and a review of career and educational opportunities.
• Titolo autorizzato: Opportunities in chemistry
• ISBN: 9786610221547; 9781280221545; 1280221542; 9780309594684; 0309594685; 9780585143811; 0585143811
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910962422303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II