General Ne Win's Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar : The Challenge to Peace in the Twenty-First Century

• Autore: Eh Htoo Saw
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (241 pages)
• Altri autori: WatersTony
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Authorship -- Note on Names, Reference, and Citations Styles -- Contents -- Part I Introduction: Why Burmanization Is Important -- 1 Eh Htoo's Auto-biography -- 1.1 My Introductions to Burmese History: A Personal Account -- 1.2 My Grandfather and Me -- 1.3 My Education -- 1.4 Why Ne Win and Burmanization? -- A Bibliography of Saw Eh Htoo's Published Works -- 2 Why Ne Win's Burmanization Policies Are Still Important Sixty Years Later: The Burmese Burden -- 2.1 The Origins of Ne Win's Burmanization Programs -- 2.2 The Beginning of Ne Win's Burmanization Policies: The Burmese Burden -- 2.3 Ne Win's Collaborators from the Directorate of Psychological Warfare -- 2.3.1 Ne Win, the Thirty Comrades, and the Celebration of Burma's Army -- 2.3.2 Burmese Dominance -- 2.4 The Content for Ne Win's Burmanization Policies -- 2.5 Ne Win's Intellectual Collaborators, on the Burmese Way to Socialism from the Directorate of Psychological Warfare -- 2.5.1 U Chit Hlaing (Ko Ko Maung Gyi) -- 2.5.2 General Aung Gyi (1919-2012) -- 2.5.3 Dr. Maung Maung -- 2.6 Shaping a Burmanized Narrative -- 2.6.1 Buddhism and Nat Worship -- 2.6.2 Burmese Buddhist Identity -- 2.6.3 The Military -- 2.7 The Collapse of Peace Initiative in Burma (2015-2021) -- 2.7.1 The Disappearance of the Liberal Democrats -- 2.7.2 The Continuing Narrative of Burmese Exceptionalism and the Rohingya -- 2.8 The Directorate of Psychological Warfare: Habitus, Thymos, Isothymia, and Megalothymia -- 2.9 Talks of Peace -- References -- Part II The Historical Origins of Burmanization -- 3 Historical Narratives and Burmanization (1824-1947) -- 3.1 The Multiple Historical Narratives of Burmanization -- 3.1.1 The Royal History of Burma -- 3.1.2 The Three Great Dynasties Approach to Burma's History -- 3.2 A Social History: Pre-independence, Conquest, and British Colonialism. ; 3.2.1 The Administration of British Burma -- 3.2.2 Direct Rule -- 3.2.3 Indirect Rule -- 3.3 Burmese Nationalist Narratives in Response to British Colonialism -- 3.3.1 Monks -- 3.3.2 Students and Urban Workers -- 3.3.3 Peasant Rebellion -- 3.4 World War II and the Emergence of Bamar Identity and Hegemony -- 3.5 Rebellion, Independence, and More Rebellions -- 3.5.1 The Communist Rebellions -- 3.5.2 The Karen Rebellion -- 3.5.3 Other Revolts: Mon, Kachin, Etc. -- 3.6 The Life and Death of Prime Minister Aung San -- 3.6.1 Aung San as a Politician -- 3.6.2 The Hagiography of Aung San -- References -- 4 Aung San, U Nu, and Ne Win Create a New Country (1948-1962) -- 4.1 Aung San, U Nu, and Ne Win Create a New Country, January 4, 1948-March 1, 1962 -- 4.1.1 Prime Minister Aung San 1946-1948 -- 4.1.2 Independence, January 4, 1948 -- 4.1.3 Revolts: Communists and Chinese Nationalists in the North, Karen in the East, and Mujahadin in the West -- 4.1.4 Battle of Insein and the Restoration of the Rangoon Government -- 4.1.5 New Win and the Tatmadaw as National Heroes -- 4.2 Cold War Play Ground: Foreign Threats, 1948-1962 -- 4.2.1 U Nu's Neutral Foreign Policy -- 4.2.2 Modernizing the Military Under UNu -- 4.2.3 The Directorate of Psychological Warfare and Ne Win's Historians -- 4.3 Ne Win's First Government, 1958-1960 -- 4.4 U Nu's Second Government, 1960-1962 -- 4.5 The 1962 Coup and the Threat of Division -- 4.6 The Need for a New Historical Narrative of Burma -- 4.7 The Origins of Ne Win Philosophy: The Philosophers from the Directorate of Psychological Warfare Take Over -- References -- 5 Ne Win's Burmanization Ideology: The Burmese Way to Socialism (1962-1966) -- 5.1 Ne Win Takes Over, March 1-2, 1962 -- 5.2 Ne Win's Political Ideology and the New Revolutionary Council -- 5.2.1 The Triumph of 1962, Rooted in 1948 -- 5.2.2 The Ideology of 1962. ; 5.2.3 Foreign Influence and the Economy -- 5.2.4 Citizenship Laws -- 5.2.5 Nationalization of Schools and Missions -- 5.3 Policy Implementation -- 5.3.1 Assimilation (or) Taing Yin Thar Si Long Nyi Nyunt Yay -- 5.3.2 Accomodation (Nayyar Pay Thi Ah Mat Phut Chin) and Ne Win's System of Ethnic and Linguistic Classification -- 5.3.3 Alienation (or) Kwae Char Nyin Pae Chin -- 5.3.4 Exclusion and Putative Ethnic History -- 5.4 The Meaning of Burmese Way to Socialism -- 5.5 Burmese Culture and The Blue Book -- 5.6 Buddhist Ways and Marxist Ways -- 5.7 Peace Treaties, Ceasefires, and Other Follies on the Burmese Road to Socialism -- References -- 6 Ne Win's Political Ideology: One Culture, One Economy, One Military (1967-1989) -- 6.1 From Buddhist Destiny (Barami) to Four Cuts -- 6.1.1 One Culture, One Economy, One Military -- 6.1.1.1 Burmese Buddhist Cultural Identity and Burmanizing the Country -- 6.1.1.2 Ne Win's Nation Building Begins: Buddhism Plus Politics -- 6.1.2 The Monkhood -- 6.1.3 Barami -- 6.1.4 Burmese Way to Socialism and Centralized Economic Reform -- 6.1.5 Burmese Military Doctrine as Driving Force for Burmanization -- 6.1.5.1 Anti-insurgency Doctrines -- 6.1.5.2 Four Cuts Military Doctrine -- 6.2 The Ideological Response from the Ethnics -- 6.2.1 The Uses and Misuses of Ceasefires, 1962-1988 -- 6.2.2 Identities: Burmese and Karen Political Counter-Grievance Narratives -- 6.2.3 Other Ethno-nationalist Narratives and the Failure of Federalism: Shan, Rakhine, Mon, and Kachin -- 6.2.4 The Victory of the Drug Traders -- References -- 7 Ne Win's Policies After Ne Win (1988-2020) and Saw Eh Htoo's Hopes -- 7.1 Ne Win's Exit, and After -- 7.1.1 Ne Win's Strange "Exit" -- 7.1.2 Aung San Suu Kyi, 8.8.88, and More Military Rule -- 7.1.2.1 The Emergence of SLORC -- 7.1.2.2 SLORC and Ceasefires for All. ; 7.1.2.3 The Election of 1990 and Freedom from Fear -- 7.1.2.4 Western Sanctions and Sanctions Busting -- 7.1.2.5 Saffron Revolution -- 7.1.3 The New Constitution and Hurricane Nargis -- 7.1.4 Elections and the Return of the International Community and Liberal Values -- 7.1.5 Norwegian Style Ceasefires, Open Elections, and the Persistence of Burmanization -- 7.1.6 The NLD-Military Government and the Rohingya -- 7.1.7 The February 1, 2021, Coup and the Return of Fear -- 7.2 Saw Eh Htoo's Hopes -- 7.2.1 Political Agency and the Peacebuilding Vision, 2022 -- 7.2.1.1 Pro-military Government's Perspective on Peacebuilding -- 7.2.1.2 Democratic Alliances' Perspective on Peacebuilding -- 7.2.1.3 Ethnic Armed Organizations' Perspective on Peacebuilding -- 7.2.1.4 Young Civilians' Perspective on Peacebuilding -- 7.2.1.5 The Cycle of Burmanization After 2015 -- References -- Part III The Sociology of Burmanization and the Search for Peace -- 8 The Search for Peace in Myanmar -- 8.1 Basic Foundation for Realizing Peace in Myanmar -- 8.1.1 A De-Burmanization Narrative -- 8.1.2 De-Militarization Program -- 8.1.2.1 Peace Education Programs -- 8.1.2.2 Creating a Liberal Military -- 8.1.3 De-Centralization of State-Building: The Problem of Burmese Kingship and Barami -- 8.2 Creating Sustainable Peace for a Future Myanmar -- 8.2.1 The Will of Peace and Politics -- 8.2.2 Reconstructing Peace Narrative -- 8.2.3 Peace Education, a Culture of Nonviolence, and Dialogue -- 8.2.3.1 What Is Transformative? -- 8.2.3.2 What Is Peace Education? -- 8.2.4 Cultivating Diverse Values -- 8.3 Saving Buddhism and Promoting Religious Freedom -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- 9 Final Thoughts About Burmanization -- 9.1 Eh Htoo's Background and Dissertation Work -- 9.2 Good Points That Eh Htoo and Others Convinced Me to Continue Asking About. ; 9.3 Westerners Are Not Very Good at Seeing Power Outside Myanmar's State, But PhD Students from Myanmar Do -- 9.4 Soldiers Make Terrible Politicians -- 9.5 A Few Final Notes About What I Find Interesting -- 9.6 What Eh Htoo and My Others PhD Students Discovered Goes Beyond Myanmar -- References -- Index.
• Titolo autorizzato: General Ne Win's Legacy of Burmanization in Myanmar
• ISBN: 981-9712-70-X
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910861097603321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II