New-dialect formation in Canada : evidence from the English modal auxiliaries / / Stefan Dollinger

• Autore: Dollinger Stefan
• Pubblicazione: Amsterdam [Netherlands] ; ; Philadelphia [Pa.], : John Benjamins Pub., c2008
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (381 p.)
• Disciplina: 427/.971
• Soggetto topico: English language - Canada - History; English language - Dialects - Canada; English language - Variation - Canada; Canadianisms
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: New-Dialect Formationin Canada Evidence from the English modal auxiliaries -- Editorial page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Table of contents -- List of Maps -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- About this book -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1 INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Colonial Englishes and Canadian English -- 1.2 Ontario English -- 1.3 Aims of the present study -- 2 CANADIAN ENGLISH: A RESEARCH HISTORY OF THE 'OTHER' VARIETY OF NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH -- 2.1 Identity, standard and variation in Canadian English -- 2.1.1 Homogeneity and evolving notions of Standard CanE -- 2.1.2 The 'standard' in reference works -- 2.1.3 Regional Canadian Englishes -- 2.2 Research on Canadian English prior to 1954 -- 2.3 A survey of linguistic studies on CanE -- 2.3.1 Lexis -- 2.3.2 Phonetics and Phonology -- 2.3.2.1 Canadian Raising -- 2.3.2.2 Canadian Shift -- 2.3.2.3 Regional surveys -- 2.3.2.3.1 Early linguistic atlas data -- 2.3.2.3.2 British Columbia -- 2.3.2.3.3 The Canadian Prairie: Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba -- 2.3.2.3.4 Ontario -- 2.3.2.3.5 Quebec -- 2.3.2.3.6 Maritimes - New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia -- 2.3.2.3.7 Newfoundland (and Labrador) -- 2.3.2.4 The Dialect Topography of Canada Project -- 2.3.3 Morphology and syntax -- 2.3.3.1 Disparate morphosyntactic variables -- 2.3.3.2 Syntax and ethnic minorities of CanE -- 2.3.4 Language attitudes, pragmatics and bilingualism -- 2.3.4.1 Language attitudes -- 2.3.4.2 Pragmatics 'proper' -- 2.3.4.3 Bilingualism: code-switching -- 2.4 Summary of synchronic research on CanE -- 2.5 The shortage of diachronic studies on Canadian English -- 2.5.1 Apparent-time and real-time studies -- 2.5.2 Diachronic studies on Ontario English -- 2.5.3 Summary -- 3 ONTARIO 1776-1850: AN EXTERNAL LANGUAGE HISTORY -- 3.1 Preliminaries: settlement in waves -- 3.2 The first wave: American immigration. ; 3.2.1 Demographic input until 1812 -- 3.2.1.1 American input -- 3.2.1.2 German speakers -- 3.2.1.3 Scottish Gaelic speakers and Scots speakers -- 3.2.1.4 The Irish before 1815 -- 3.2.1.5 French speakers -- 3.2.1.6 Dutch settlers -- 3.2.1.7 Loyalist First Nations -- 3.2.1.8 Other immigrant groups -- 3.2.2 The size of the population in 1812 -- 3.3 The second wave -- 3.3.1 Disentangling dialects: Scottish, Irish and regional English English -- 3.3.1.2 Scottish immigrants: Gaelic, Scots and Scottish English -- 3.3.1.3 Irish immigration -- 3.3.1.4 Post-1815 American immigration -- 3.3.1.5 German immigration -- 3.3.1.6 Other immigrant groups -- 3.3.2 Social stratification of second wave immigrants -- 3.3.3 Benchmarks of Early Ontarian society -- 3.3.3.1 Schools and education -- 3.3.3.2 Demographic developments and mobility before the railway -- 3.4 Summary -- 4 THE CORPUS OF EARLY ONTARIO ENGLISH, PRE-CONFEDERATION SECTION (CONTE-pC) -- 4.1 External periodization -- 4.2 Internal period division -- 4.3 What makes a text Ontarian? -- 4.3.1 Geographical considerations -- 4.3.2 Questions of allegiance -- 4.3.2.1 Anne Powell -- 4.3.2.2 Eleanora Hallen -- 4.3.3 Summary -- 4.4 Corpus design -- 4.4.1 Source materials: genres selected -- 4.4.2 Social stratification -- 4.4.3 SIN speakers -- 4.4.4 Corpus size and sampling -- 4.5 Text samples -- 4.5.1 Local Ontario newspapers -- 4.5.2 Diaries -- 4.5.3 Letters: the 'letters received' at the Archives of Ontario -- 4.6 Coding and text headers -- 5 NEW-DIALECT FORMATION IN EARLY ONTARIO -- 5.1 Two scenarios for the origin of CanE -- 5.1.1 Bloomfield (1948) -- 5.1.2 Scargill (1957) and (1985) -- 5.2 Polygenetic theories of colonial Englishes -- 5.2.1 Notions of swamping -- 5.2.2 Dialect mixing proper -- 5.2.2.1 Founder principle -- 5.2.2.2 Colonial lag -- 5.2.3 Dialect mixing in early Ontario. ; 5.3 New-dialect formation theory (Trudgill 2004) -- 5.3.1 Tabula rasa situations -- 5.3.2 Some other models -- 5.3.3 Six key processes -- 5.3.4 Three stages in new-dialect formation -- 5.3.4.1 Stage I: when adults accommodate -- 5.3.4.2 Stage II: Children select -- 5.3.4.3 Stage III: The majority principle -- 5.3.4.4 Focussing -- 5.3.5 Homogeneity and drift in CanE -- 5.3.6 Some problems of applying new-dialect formation theory -- 5.4 Summary -- 6 LATE MODERN ENGLISH MODAL AUXILIARIES: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 6.1 Definitions and terminology -- 6.1.1 Formal characteristics -- 6.1.2 Modality: root, deontic, dynamic, epistemic and other concepts -- 6.1.3 Epistemic uses since LModE: increase, stagnation or decline? -- 6.2 Semantic areas: choosing variables -- 6.2.1 Permission, ability and possibility: CAN/COULD and MAY/MIGHT -- 6.2.2 Obligation and necessity: MUST and HAVE TO -- 6.2.3 Volition and futurity: SHALL and WILL -- 6.2.4 SHOULD, WOULD and OUGHT TO -- 6.3 Methodological considerations -- 6.3.1 Comparing distributions: the parallel corpora -- 6.3.2 Methodological caveat I: the letter sections -- 6.3.3 Methodological caveat II: how to trace historical connections -- 7 CAN (COULD) vs. MAY (MIGHT) -- 7.1 A diachronic sketch of CAN and MAY -- 7.2 Sentence types -- 7.2.1 Overall development in EModE and LModE -- 7.3 Semantic notions of CAN and MAY -- 7.3.1 Overall figures: distribution of functions -- 7.3.2 CAN in Root possibility and Permission uses -- 7.3.3 CAN in 25-year periods -- 7.3.4 CAN vs. MAY and the three stages of new-dialect formation -- 7.3.4.1 Middle vs. Lower Class speakers -- 7.3.4.2 Different levels of development and a new stage I -- 7.3.4.3 CONTE-pC and Trudgill (2004) -- 7.3.5 Long-term developments of epistemic and root uses -- 7.3.6 Summary -- 7.4 Functions of COULD and MIGHT -- 7.4.1 Negative contexts. ; 7.4.2 Affirmative contexts -- 7.4.3 COULD and MIGHT and the three stages of new-dialect formation -- 7.5 COULD and MIGHT: epistemic developments -- 7.6 Conclusion -- 8 MUST vs. HAVE TO -- 8.1 The variables MUST and competing semi-modals -- 8.1.1 HAVE TO -- 8.1.2 Controlling the variable contexts -- 8.2 The rise of HAVE TO -- 8.3 The modalities of MUST and HAVE TO -- 8.3.1 Development of LModE epistemic MUST -- 8.3.2 Coding for epistemic necessity: LModE competition -- 8.3.3 Epistemic and root uses: longterm perspective -- 8.4 Three stages of new-dialect formation and the rise of HAVE TO -- 8.5 Summary -- 9 SHALL vs. WILL -- 9.1 The prescriptive rule and previous research -- 9.2 SHALL and WILL -- 9.2.1 Semantic notions and the variable context -- 9.2.2 Data selection -- 9.2.3 SHALL and WILL and the choice of independent variables -- 9.2.3.1 Genre (text type) -- 9.2.3.2 Sentence type -- 9.2.4 SHALL and WILL in the first person -- 9.2.4.1 Diachronic development -- 9.2.4.2 SIN-speakers -- 9.2.4.3 Social class -- 9.2.4.4 SHALL and WILL and the three stages -- 9.2.5 SHALL and WILL in the second and third persons -- 9.2.5.1 Type of subject -- 9.2.5.2 Voice -- 9.2.5.3 The three stages -- 9.2.6 Summary -- 10 SHOULD, WOULD and OUGHT TO -- 10.1 The variable context -- 10.1.1 LModE variants -- 10.1.2 Semantic notions -- 10.2 Hypothetical SHOULD and WOULD -- 10.3 Non-hypothetical OUGHT TO, SHOULD and WOULD -- 10.3.1 LModE diachronic development in non-hypotheticals -- 10.3.2 Hypotheticals and non-hypotheticals in the three stages -- 10.4 Epistemic modality in early CanE -- 10.4.1 OUGHT TO -- 10.4.2 WOULD -- 10.4.3 SHOULD -- 10.5 Summary -- 11 CONCLUSION -- 11.1 The modals in early Canadian English -- 11.2 Epistemicity and late-modern CanE -- 11.3 Colonial lag and the founder principle -- 11.4 M. Bloomfield (1948) or Scargill (1957,1985). ; 11.5 The modal auxiliaries and the three stages of new-dialect formation -- 11.6 Dating Canadian English: focussing -- 11.7 Further research avenues -- 12 APPENDICES -- Appendix 1: Corpus of Early Ontario English -- Appendix 2: Ontario names -- Appendix 3: Immigration data -- Appendix 3.1: British Isles immigration -- Appendix 3.2: Arrivals at Quebec -- Appendix 3.3: First land surveys -- Appendix 3.4: Ontario districts -- Appendix 4: Demographic studies around 1812 -- Appendix 5: Social networks in early Ontario -- Appendix 6: Semi-Modals in early CanE -- Appendix 7: Statistics for CAN (COULD) / MAY (MIGHT) -- Appendix 7.1 -- Appendix 7.2 -- Appendix 7.3 -- Appendix 7.4 -- Appendix 7.5 -- Appendix 7.6 -- Appendix 7.7 -- Appendix 7.8 -- Appendix 7.9 -- Appendix 7.10 -- Appendix 7.11 -- Appendix 8: Statistics for MUST / HAVE TO -- Appendix 8.1 -- Appendix 8.2 -- Appendix 8.3 -- Appendix 8.4 -- Appendix 9: Statistics for SHALL / WILL -- Appendix 9.1 -- Appendix 9.2 -- Appendix 9.3 -- Appendix 10: Statistics for SHOULD / WOULD / OUGHT TO -- Appendix 10.1 -- Appendix 10.2 -- Appendix 10.3 -- Appendix 10.4 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- General Index -- The series Studies in Language Companion Series.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book details the development of eleven modal auxiliaries in late 18th- and 19th-century Canadian English in a framework of new-dialect formation. The study assesses features of the modal auxiliaries, tracing influences to British and American input varieties, parallel developments, or Canadian innovations. The findings are based on the Corpus of Early Ontario English, pre-Confederation Section, the first electronic corpus of early Canadian English. The data, which are drawn from newspapers, diaries and letters, include original transcriptions from manuscript sources and texts from semi-literate writers. While the overall results are generally coherent with new-dialect formation theory, the Ontarian context suggests a number of adaptations to the current model. In addition to its general Late Modern English focus, New-Dialect Formation in Canada traces changes in epistemic modal functions up to the present day, offering answers to the loss of root uses in the central modals. By comparing Canadian with British and American data, important theoretical insights on the origins of the variety are gained. The study offers a sociohistorical perspective on a still understudied variety of North American English by combining language-internal features with settlement history in this first monograph-length, diachronic treatment of Canadian English in real time.
• Titolo autorizzato: New-dialect formation in Canada
• ISBN: 90-272-8523-3; 9786613092328; 1-283-09232-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910817084003321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Studies in language companion series ; ; v. 97.