Procedures and protocols in the neurocritical care unit / / edited by Niraj Arora

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2022]; ©2022
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (713 pages)
• Disciplina: 616.80428
• Soggetto topico: Neurological intensive care
• Persona (resp. second.): AroraNiraj
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Procedures -- Vascular Access -- 1 Peripheral Vascular Catheters -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Method of Insertion [6] -- 1.3 Technique [6, 13] -- 1.4 Pitfalls -- 2 Central Vascular Catheters -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Indications -- 2.2.1 Non-tunneled CVCs (Fig. 5) -- 2.2.2 Tunneled CVCs -- 2.3 Technique of Insertion for Non-tunneled Catheters [6, 13] (Fig. 6) -- 2.4 Pitfalls -- 3 Specialty Catheters -- 3.1 Hemodialysis Catheters: (Fig. 7) -- 3.2 Introducer Sheaths: (Fig. 8) -- 3.3 Technique -- 3.3.1 Hemodialysis Catheter -- 3.3.2 Introducer Sheath [36] -- References -- Pulmonary Artery Catheters -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Technique/Methods -- 4 Types of Kits Available -- 5 Pitfalls and Troubleshooting -- References -- Arterial Catheters -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Technique/Methods -- 4 Types of Kits Available -- 5 Pitfalls and Troubleshooting -- Airway Access -- Introduction -- Airway Anatomy -- 1 Supraglottic Devices -- 1.1 Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Airways -- 1.2 Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) -- 2 Infraglottic Devices -- 2.1 Direct Laryngoscopy -- 2.2 Video Laryngoscopy -- 3 Surgical Airway -- 4 Percutaneous Dilatation Tracheostomy (PDT) -- 5 Bronchoscopy -- 6 Summary -- Bibliography -- Thoracocentesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Technique/Methods -- 3.1 Prepare the Patient -- 3.2 Prepare Equipment and Yourself -- 3.3 Procedure Walkthrough -- 4 Pitfalls/Troubleshooting -- References -- Chest Tube Thoracostomy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Technique/Methods -- 3.1 Prepare the Patient -- 3.2 Prepare Equipment and Yourself -- 3.3 Procedure Walkthrough -- 4 Pitfalls/Troubleshooting -- References -- Pericardiocentesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Equipment -- 4 Technique/Methods. ; 5 Management After Pericardiocentesis -- 6 Complications -- 7 Tips to Avoid Complications -- References -- Paracentesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications for Abdominal Paracentesis -- 3 Contraindications -- 4 Steps Involved in Performing Abdominal Paracentesis -- 5 Analyzing Peritoneal Fluid -- 6 Complications -- 7 Types of Kits Available -- 8 Pitfalls of Paracentesis -- References -- Lumbar Puncture and Intrathecal Drug Administration -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Contraindications -- 4 Anatomy, Positioning, and Needle Location -- 4.1 Anatomy -- 4.2 Position Techniques -- 4.3 Spine Level Location -- 5 Needle Variants -- 5.1 Needle Type -- 5.2 Needle Gauge -- 6 Imaging Guided -- 6.1 Ultrasound Guidance -- 6.2 Fluoroscopy Guidance (Fig. 2) -- 6.3 CT Guidance -- 7 Complications -- 7.1 Intrathecal Lidocaine -- 7.2 Epidural Hematoma -- 7.3 Infection -- 7.4 Post Lumbar Puncture Headache -- 7.5 Needle Deformation -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Intracranial Access -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Intracranial Pressure Monitoring -- 2.1 External Ventricular Drain Placement -- 2.2 Fiberoptic Intracranial Pressure Monitor (Camino, or "bolt") -- 2.3 Brain Oxygenation Monitoring (Licox®, Integra -- San Diego, CA, USA) -- 3 Subdural Drainage -- 3.1 Subdural Drain -- 3.2 Subdural Evacuating Port System (SEPS) Placement -- References -- Point of Care Ultrasound -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basics of Ultrasonography -- 2.1 Echogenicity -- 2.2 Probe Selection -- 2.3 Positioning and Probe Control -- 3 Vascular Ultrasound -- 3.1 Vascular Access -- 3.2 Deep Venous Thromboembolism Screening and Diagnosis -- 3.3 Two-Point DVT Screen -- 4 Lung Ultrasound -- 4.1 Normal Lung Ultrasound Patterns -- 4.1.1 Lung Sliding -- 4.1.2 A-Lines -- 4.2 Abnormal Lung Ultrasound Patterns -- 4.2.1 Pneumothorax -- 4.2.2 B-Lines -- 4.2.3 Pleural Effusions -- 4.2.4 Consolidation. ; 4.2.5 BLUE Protocol -- 5 Cardiac Ultrasound -- 5.1 Transthoracic Views -- 5.1.1 Parasternal Long-Axis View -- 5.1.2 Parasternal Short-Axis View -- 5.1.3 Apical Four-Chamber View -- 5.1.4 Subcostal Long-Axis View -- 5.1.5 Inferior Vena Cava Longitudinal View -- 5.2 Utility of Cardiac POCUS -- 5.2.1 Left Ventricular Systolic Function -- 5.2.2 Fluid Responsiveness -- 5.2.3 Tamponade -- 5.3 Right Ventricular Function and Pulmonary Embolism -- 6 Focused Assessment Sonography in Trauma (FAST) -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Doppler Ultrasound Concepts -- 3 TCD Equipment and the Technique -- 3.1 Comparison of TCD to TCCD -- 4 Technique -- 5 Clinical Applications of TCD -- 5.1 Vasospasm -- 5.2 Stenosis -- 5.3 Acute Ischemic Stroke -- 5.4 Traumatic Brain Injury -- 5.5 Brain Death Evaluation -- 5.6 Sickle Cell Disease -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Cervical Traction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications, Contraindications, and Caveats -- 3 Procedure: Cervical Traction/Closed Reduction with Garner-Wells Tongs -- 4 Post-procedural Care -- 5 Case Presentation -- References -- Part II: Protocols -- Sedation and Analgesia Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications -- 3 Drug Selection -- 4 Pharmacological Agents for Sedation and Analgesia -- 5 Tools for Objective Measuring of Sedation and Analgesia -- 6 Sedation Interruptions -- 7 Pitfalls -- 8 Summary -- References -- Intracranial Hypertension in Intensive Care Unit -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Pathophysiology of Raised ICP -- 1.2 Etiology of Elevated ICP: [8-12] -- 1.3 Clinical Features: Table 2 [13-15] -- 1.4 ICP Monitoring: [1, 2, 8, 13, 16] -- 1.5 Indications for ICP Monitoring Devices [3] -- 1.6 Role of Fundoscopy: [17-22] -- 1.7 Management: [3, 23-28] -- 1.8 Surgery [30-32] -- 1.9 Mannitol [33-35] -- 1.10 Sedation: [16, 27, 39]. ; 1.11 Temperature Modulation -- 2 Lumbar Drain (LD) -- 2.1 Future Directions -- References -- Sepsis and Fever in the Neuro-Critical Care Unit (NCCU) -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Definitions -- 2 Measurement of Body Temperature [9, 10] -- 3 Causes of Fever in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) -- 4 Infectious Causes of Fever (Table 3) -- 5 Management of Bacterial Meningitis -- 6 AMP-C Group of Organisms -- 7 Non-infectious Causes of Fever in NCCU -- 8 Protocol for Fever Management in NCCU -- References -- Status Epilepticus -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Treatment Algorithm for Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus -- 3 Drugs Used for Treatment of Status Epilepticus -- 4 Current Evidence -- 5 Future Directions -- References -- Targeted Temperature Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications and Contraindications (Table 1) -- 3 Techniques for Targeted Temperature Management -- 4 Conventional Methods -- 5 Surface Cooling (SFC) -- 6 Endovascular Cooling -- 7 Other Methods -- 8 Protocol -- 8.1 Induction -- 8.2 Maintenance -- 8.3 Rewarming -- 9 Shivering (Fig. 4) -- References -- Original Bibliography -- Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning In ICU -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Airway Assessment -- 3 Predictors of Difficult Ventilation -- 4 Predictors of Difficult Intubation - Table 1 -- 5 Modes of Ventilation -- References -- Tracheostomy Care -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tracheostomy Care -- 3 Post-placement Care -- 4 Tracheostomy Weaning to Decannulation -- 4.1 Downsizing -- 4.2 Passy-Muir Valve or Speaking Valve -- 4.3 Capping Trials -- 4.4 Decannulation -- Bibliography -- Hemodynamic Monitoring -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Principles of Fluid Resuscitation -- 2.1 Frank-Starling Curve -- 2.2 Diastolic Volume-Pressure Curve (Fig. 1) -- 2.3 Contractility (Fig. 1) -- 2.4 Mean Systemic Filling Pressure (Pms) -- 2.5 Venous Return -- 3 Hemodynamic Profiles of Shock. ; 3.1 Methods of Assessment -- 4 Role of Ultrasound in Hemodynamic Assessment -- 4.1 Method -- 4.2 Basic Principles of Lung Ultrasound and Image Acquisition -- 4.3 Method -- 5 Artifacts -- 6 Real Images -- 6.1 Utility in Neuro-Science Intensive Care Unit -- 7 Future Directions -- 8 Application -- References -- Endotracheal Intubation via Direct Laryngoscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Indications and Contraindications -- 3 Medications -- 4 Choosing the Medications for ETI in a Neurocritical Patient -- 5 Anatomy -- 6 Preparation -- 7 Technique -- 8 Confirming Proper Placement of Endotracheal Tube -- 9 Protocol for ETI (Fig. 2) -- References -- Vasospasm -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Incidence and Pathophysiology -- 1.2 Diagnostic Modalities -- 2 Prevention of Vasospasm -- 3 Treatment of Vasospasm (Table 5) -- 4 Pharmacological Treatment -- 5 Endovascular Therapy -- 6 Protocol for Vasospasm Management -- 7 Future Directions -- References -- Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Management of Alcohol Withdrawal -- 3 Pharmacotherapy -- 4 Literature Review -- References -- Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Glucose Homeostasis in the Brain -- 3 Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia in the Neurocritical Care Unit (NCCU) -- 4 Management of Hyperglycemia in the NCCU -- References -- Electrolyte Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Calcium Management -- 3 Magnesium Management -- 4 Phosphorus Management -- 5 Potassium Management -- 6 Sodium Management -- 7 Summary -- References -- Plasmapheresis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Nomenclature -- 3 Indications of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange (Table 1) -- 3.1 Principles -- 3.2 Mechanisms of Action -- 4 Technique (Fig. 1) -- 4.1 Vascular Access for Therapeutic Plasma Exchange -- 4.2 Anticoagulation -- 4.3 Replacement Fluids -- 5 Prescription of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange. ; 6 Summary of Recommendations for Use of TPE in Neurology Intensive Care.
• Titolo autorizzato: Procedures and Protocols in the Neurocritical Care Unit
• ISBN: 9783030902254; 9783030902247
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910522970203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II