Medicinal cannabis and CBD in mental heathcare / / Kylie O'Brien, Philip Blair

• Autore: O'Brien Kylie
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxi, 576 pages)
• Disciplina: 615.7827
• Soggetto topico: Cannabinoids - Therapeutic use; Mental illness - Treatment; Cànnabis; Ús terapèutic; Malalties mentals
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): BlairPhilip
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: 1: Introduction -- Why This Book? -- The Structure of the Book -- Limitations -- Medicinal Cannabis as Part of a Holistic Therapeutic Approach -- Your Journey -- A Final Note from Dr. Blair -- References -- 2: Endocannabinoid System -- Introduction -- Purpose of the Endocannabinoid System -- Components of the Endocannabinoid System: Overview -- Endogenous Ligands: Endocannabinoids -- Endocannabinoids in Brief -- Synthesis of AEA and 2-AG -- Binding to Receptors (Extracellular and Intracellular) -- Transport Across the Plasma Membrane -- Intracellular Reservoirs Challenge Classic Understanding of Endocannabinoid On-Demand Synthesis -- Degradation of Endocannabinoids -- AEA Degradation -- 2-AG Degradation -- New Signaling Molecules Generated -- A Fine-Tuned Modulation System -- AEA and 2-AG in More Detail -- Anandamide (AEA) -- 2-Arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) -- Key Difference Between Endocannabinoids and Phytocannabinoids -- Endocannabinoid-Like Compounds: PEA, OEA, and Oleamide -- N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) -- Oleamide -- Cannabinoid Receptors -- Discovery of Cannabinoid Receptors -- Location of Cannabinoid Receptors -- Location of CB1 Receptors: Overview -- Neuroprotection -- CB1 Receptors in the CNS -- Glutamate and GABAergic Receptors -- CB1 Receptors Are More Abundant than Mu-Opioid Receptors -- CB1 Receptors and Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cells -- CB1 Receptors in Peripheral Nervous System and Periphery -- CB1 Receptors in the Peripheral Nervous System -- CB1 Receptors in the Gut -- CB1 Receptors in the Skin -- CB1 Receptors in the Liver -- Contrary Actions in the Periphery Compared with CNS: CB1 Receptors in Adipocytes -- Intracellular CB1 Receptors -- Different Isoforms of CB1 Receptors -- Functions of CB1 Receptors -- Functions of Mitochondrial CB1 Receptors. ; CB2 Receptors -- CB2 Receptors and the Immune System -- CB2 Receptors in the Brain -- Unique Features of CB2 Receptors Compared with CB1 Receptors -- CB2 Receptors in Other Organs and Tissues -- CB2 Receptors in Skin -- Mechanisms of Action of the Endocannabinoid System (ECS) -- Classic Understanding of How the ECS Works in the Nervous System -- Complexity of the ECS: Multiple Signaling Pathway Involvement -- Biased Agonism -- Heteromers -- The ECS in Non-neural Cells -- ECS Signal Transmission Via Microvesicles -- Other Receptor Targets for Endocannabinoids -- TRPV1 Receptors -- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) -- GPR55 Receptors -- The Endocannabinoid System in Neuroprotection -- Development and the Endocannabinoid System -- The ECS in Early Life -- The Adolescent Brain and the ECS -- Endocannabinoid System Dysfunction and Disease -- The Concepts of Endocannabinoid Tone and Endocannabinoid Deficiency -- Diseases in Which ECS Dysfunction Is Implicated -- Endocannabinoid System Dysfunction and Mental Health -- Omega 3 and 6 PUFAs in the Brain Health -- Diet and Importance of Omega 3 Fatty Acids for a Healthy ECS -- Studies Linking Omega 3 Deficiency and Mental Health Conditions -- Link Between ECS, Omega 3, and Omega 6 -- Why Are Omega 3 PUFAs Important for Functioning of the ECS? -- Why Are Dietary Sources of Long-Chain PUFAs Important? -- The Problem with the Western Diet -- Hemp Seeds Have a Very Good Ratio of Omega 6/Omega 3 PUFAs -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: The Endocannabinoid System, Stress, and Mental Health -- Introduction -- Key Brain Structures Involved in the Regulation of Stress -- Corticolimbic System -- Roles of the Components of the Corticolimbic System -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis -- Other Areas -- The Stress Response -- The Autonomic Stress Response. ; Sympathetic Nervous System Mechanisms of Action -- Parasympathetic Nervous System Neuroanatomical Connections -- Measurement of ANS Activity -- Neuroendocrine Stress Response -- The HPA Axis in Stress -- Measurement of Neuroendocrine Activity -- Sex Differences in the Stress Response System Along the HPA Axis -- When the Stress Response Becomes Pathological -- Stress and Inflammation -- How Does Stress Activate Inflammatory Changes? -- Endocannabinoid System and Stress Regulation -- Several Lines of Evidence that the ECS Is a Regulator of the Stress Response -- Bidirectional Relationship Between Stress and the ECS -- ECS and the Autonomic Nervous System Stress Response -- ECS, the Corticolimbic System, and the HPA Axis -- ECS and Regulation of the HPA Axis -- How Is the ECS Involved in Acute and Chronic Stress? -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- The Endocannabinoidome (Extended ECS) and Stress -- Genes, Stress, and the Endocannabinoid System -- Social Isolation -- Environmental Enrichment -- Early Life Stress and the Endocannabinoid System -- Early Life Stress, Corticolimbic System, and HPA Axis Development -- Stress Responsivity -- Findings from Animal Models -- Early Life Stress and Genetic Patterns in Humans -- Sex Differences in How Early Life Stress Affects the ECS -- The Gut and Stress -- The Gut Microbiome and Stress -- Microbiota Changes and Stress -- The Gut Regulates the HPA Axis -- Leaky Gut and Mental Health -- The Endocannabinoidome, the Gut, and Links to Mental Health -- Inflammation, the Gut, and the ECS -- Cannabis Exposure and Stress Responsivity -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Overview of Medicinal Cannabis -- Introduction -- Definition of Medicinal Cannabis -- Taxonomy: What Is in a Name? -- Hemp -- Hemp Oil and Hemp Seed Oil -- Historical Use of Cannabis as Medicine -- Cannabis in China -- Cannabis in Other Ancient Cultures. ; Medicinal Cannabis in the Western World -- Regulations in the USA -- Active Constituents of Cannabis -- Where Are the Phytocannabinoids and Terpenes Found? -- Entourage Effect -- Cannabis Strains/Cultivars and Active Constituent Profiles -- Genes and Environmental Conditions -- A Word of Caution About Reductionism -- Phytocannabinoids: Overview -- Cannabidiol -- Therapeutic Actions of CBD -- What Conditions Can CBD Potentially Treat? -- Mechanisms of Action of CBD -- CBD Modulates Endocannabinoid Tone and Adenosine Tone -- CBD Modulates Multiple Signalling Systems -- Immunological and Anti-Inflammatory Effects -- Antioxidant Activity -- Anti-Bacterial Effect -- Cellular Benefits in the Central Nervous System -- Effects on Cardiovascular System -- Anti-Cancer Activity and Exosomes -- CBD Antagonism and Potentiation of THC -- Potentiation -- Antagonism -- Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA) -- Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) -- Therapeutic Actions of THC -- Mechanism of Action of THC -- Anti-Inflammatory Effects -- Anti-Ageing Effects -- THCA-A -- Other Phytocannabinoids -- Cannabichromene (CBC) -- Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) -- Terpenes -- Actions of Terpenes -- Forms of Medicinal Cannabis -- Oils Are Not Oils -- A Gap in Our Knowledge: Lack of Studies in Whole Plant Extracts -- Superiority of Whole Spectrum CBD Over Pure CBD Isolate Demonstrated -- Dangers of Meta-Analyses -- Routes of Delivery and Pharmacokinetics -- Inhalation -- Oral Route -- Topical Route, Other Routes -- Bioavailability of CBD -- Bioavailability and Onset and Duration of Action of THC -- Safety -- Going Forward: The United Nations and the Single Convention -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: Anxiety -- Introduction -- Anxiety: Overview -- Types of Anxiety Disorder -- Associated Comorbidities -- Treatment of Anxiety -- Pathomechanisms Involved in Anxiety. ; Role of the Amygdala and Prefrontal Cortex in Anxiety -- Serotonin in Anxiety -- Noradrenergic System Involvement in Anxiety -- GABA Involvement in Anxiety -- Immune Dysfunction and Inflammation in Anxiety -- Inflammation and Anxiety -- Oxidative Stress -- Neurogenesis and the Hippocampus -- Adult Hippocampal Neurons and the Stress Response -- Neuritogenesis and Anxiety -- The Endocannabinoid System in Anxiety -- HPA Axis in Anxiety -- Endocannabinoids, Cannabinoid Receptors and Anxiety -- Enzymes of the ECS -- TRPV1 -- Scientific Evidence: CBD in the Treatment of Anxiety -- Mechanisms of Action of CBD in Anxiety -- CBD and the Serotonergic System -- CBD and the HPA -- CBD, Neurogenesis and Neuritogenesis -- CBD and Endocannabinoid Degradation -- CBD, Inflammation and Immune Function -- CBD, Sleep and Anxiety -- Animal Research: Efficacy of CBD in Anxiety -- Animal Models of Anxiety: Elevated Plus Maze -- Anxiety Studies in Rodents -- Animal Studies of Chronic CBD Administration -- Pure CBD Isolate and the Bell-Shaped Dose-Response Curve in Animal Studies -- Animal Study of Pure CBD Versus Whole Plant CBD -- Animal Research of CBDA in Anxiety -- Human Research: Efficacy of CBD in Anxiety -- Surveys -- Regional Cerebral Brain Flow Studies: Anxiety and CBD -- Observational Study: CBD and Anxiety -- Case Studies and Case Series -- Randomised Controlled Trials: CBD for Treatment of Anxiety -- Systematic Reviews: CBD and Anxiety Treatment -- Scientific Evidence: THC in the Treatment of Anxiety -- Preclinical Research: Effects of THC on Anxiety -- Anti-inflammatory Effects -- Human Research: Effects of Cannabis and THC on Anxiety -- Brain Imaging Studies -- Survey of Whole Plant Cannabis: Are Some Strains Better in Alleviating Anxiety? -- Observational Studies -- Randomised Controlled Trials -- Systematic Reviews. ; Does Adding CBD to THC Lower Its Anxiogenic Effect?.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book functions as a clinician's guide to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of mental health conditions. It conveys the scientific evidence of efficacy of CBD as well as THC and addresses the social stigma attached to its medical use. The book describes the endocannabinoid system, how stress and the endocannabinoid system interact and key constituents, pharmacokinetics and safety aspects of medicinal cannabis, focusing on CBD and THC. Chapters on specific mental health conditions describe the underpinning pathomechanisms including how the endocannabinoid system is involved, and summarises the scientific evidence including animal and human research for the use of CBD and THC in treatment of such conditions.
• Titolo autorizzato: Medicinal cannabis and CBD in mental heathcare
• ISBN: 3-030-78559-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910508449403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II