Carbon Fibers : Production, Applications, Processing / / Hauke Lengsfeld, Hendrik Mainka, Volker Altstädt

• Autore: Lengsfeld Hauke
• Pubblicazione: München : , : Hanser, , 2020; ©2020
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (221 pages)
• Soggetto topico: Carbon fibers
• Altri autori: MainkaHendrik AltstädtV
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- The Authors -- Dr.-Ing. Hauke Lengsfeld -- Dr.-Ing. Hendrik Mainka -- Prof. Dr.-Ing. Volker Altstädt -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon and Its Properties -- 2.1 Structure of the Carbon Atom and Atomic Model of Carbon -- 2.1.1 Rutherford's and Bohr's Atomic Models -- 2.1.2 Atomic Orbitals and Hybridization -- 2.2 Modifications of Carbon -- 2.3 Structural Forms of Carbon -- 2.3.1 Diamond - The Diamond Structure (sp3) -- 2.3.2 Graphite - The Graphite Structure (sp2) -- 2.3.3 Triple Bonding (sp1) -- 2.3.4 Other Forms of Carbon -- 2.3.4.1 Fullerenes -- 2.3.4.2 Carbon Nanotubes -- 2.3.4.3 Carbon Black -- 2.3.4.4 Activated Carbon -- 2.3.4.5 Carbon Fibers -- 3 Carbon Fibers -- 3.1 Precursor Manufacturing -- 3.1.1 Wet Spinning -- 3.1.2 Melt Spinning -- 3.1.3 Precursors -- 3.1.3.1 Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) -- 3.1.3.2 Mesophase Pitch -- 3.1.3.3 Further Precursors -- 3.2 Production of Carbon Fibers -- 3.2.1 Precursor Stabilization/Stabilization Process -- 3.2.2 Carbonization and Graphitization -- 3.3 Surface Treatment and Fiber Sizing -- 3.3.1 Sizing (Preparation) -- 3.3.2 Sizing Levels and Sizing Types -- 3.4 Properties and Types -- 3.4.1 Properties of Carbon Fibers -- 3.4.2 Carbon Fiber Types -- 3.5 Manufacturers and Costs -- 3.5.1 Manufacturers of Precursors and Carbon Fibers -- 3.5.2 Manufacturing Costs -- 3.5.3 Manufacturing Capacities -- 3.5.4 Suppliers of Process Technologies -- 4 Characterization of Carbon Fibers -- 4.1 Test Methods on Dry Yarn -- 4.1.1 Density Determination -- 4.1.2 Determination of Linear Density -- 4.1.3 Determination of the Filament Diameter -- 4.1.4 Determination of the Preparation Mass Fraction -- 4.1.5 Determination of Mechanical Parameters on Dry Yarn -- 4.1.6 Roving Test -- 4.1.7 Drape Test -- 4.1.8 Surface Activity and Impregnability. ; 4.2 Test Method on Impregnated Yarn -- 4.2.1 Determination of Tensile Strength -- 4.2.2 Fiber-Matrix Interphase -- 4.2.2.1 Testing by Pull-Out Test -- 4.2.2.2 Testing by Push-Out Test -- 4.2.2.3 Fragmentation Test -- 4.2.2.4 Broutman Test -- 4.2.2.5 Testing in a Scanning Electron Microscope -- 4.3 Spectroscopic Test Methods for Carbon Fibers -- 4.3.1 Chemical Characterization of Carbon Fibers and Their Precursors -- 4.3.1.1 Elemental Analysis -- 4.3.1.2 Mass Spectroscopy -- 4.3.1.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - NMR -- 4.3.1.4 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy - IR Spectroscopy -- 4.3.2 Chemical Structure Elucidation of Carbon Fibers -- 4.3.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy -- 4.3.2.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS -- 5 Applications of Carbon Fibers -- 5.1 Introductory Remarks -- 5.2 Dry Semi-Finished Fiber Products -- 5.2.1 PREOX Fibers -- 5.2.2 Carbon Fibers -- 5.2.2.1 Carbon Fibers, Continuous -- 5.2.2.2 Carbon Fibers, Cut or Ground -- 5.3 Pre-Impregnated Semi-Finished Fiber Products -- 5.3.1 Applications: UD Prepreg (Thermoset) -- 5.3.2 Applications: Fabric and Scrim Prepreg (Thermoset) -- 5.3.3 Applications: C-SMC/C-BMC -- 5.3.4 Applications: Organotapes -- 5.3.5 Applications: Organosheet -- 6 Recycling and Sustainability -- 6.1 Introductory Remarks -- 6.2 Recycling Cycle and Challenges -- 6.2.1 Process and Plant Challenges -- 6.2.2 The Challenge of Fiber Quality -- 6.3 The Challenge of Waste Treatment -- 6.4 Recycling Processes for Carbon Fibers and CFRP -- 6.4.1 Mechanical Shredding -- 6.4.2 Pyrolysis Process -- 6.4.3 Fluidized Bed Process -- 6.4.4 Solvolysis -- 6.4.5 Chemical Direct Use -- 6.4.6 Electrodynamic Fragmentation -- 6.4.7 New Processes -- 6.4.8 Overview and Comparison of Procedures -- 6.4.9 Hazards and Health Aspects -- 6.5 rCF Products and Applications -- 6.6 Producers -- 6.7 Challenges and Trends. ; 7 New Developments -- 7.1 Alternative Precursors -- 7.1.1 Polyethylene -- 7.1.2 Cellulose -- 7.1.3 Lignin -- 7.1.4 Textile PAN -- 7.1.5 Lignin/PAN Blends -- 7.1.6 Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes -- 7.2 Alternative Processes -- 7.2.1 Plasma Oxidation -- 7.2.2 Use of Additives -- 7.2.3 Natural Gas Burner -- 7.3 Outlook -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Provides a hands-on approach to making carbon fibers and their composites for those who need to use these materials. The book gives an excellent overview of the chemical and physical properties of carbon fibers and their composites. In addition, common test and analysis methods for demonstrating these properties are presented.
• Titolo autorizzato: Carbon Fibers
• ISBN: 9781523145041; 1523145048; 9781569908297; 156990829X; 9781569908280; 1569908281
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911007141703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II