The design of aircraft landing gear / / by Robert Kyle Schmidt

• Autore: Schmidt Robert Kyle
• Pubblicazione: Warrendale, Pa. (400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale PA USA) : , : Society of Automotive Engineers, , 2021
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1 PDF (1,090 pages)) : illustrations
• Disciplina: 629.134381
• Soggetto topico: Airplanes - Landing gear - Design and construction; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Aeronautics & Astronautics; Aerospace and aviation technology; Astronautics
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- A Note on Units -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- Brief History of Landing Gear -- Design Process -- Nomenclature -- Book Outline -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Airfield Compatibility -- Flotation/Ground Compatibility -- Common Concepts in Ground Compatibility -- General Overview -- California Bearing Ratio -- Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k -- Ground Compatibility Nomenclature -- Ground Contact Pressure -- Landing Gear Arrangement Nomenclature -- Ground Compatibility (Flotation) Analysis -- Unpaved Surfaces -- Soil and Grass. -- Unpaved Analysis Method ASD-TR-68-34. -- Alternative Unpaved Analysis Methods. -- Gravel/Aggregate Airfields. -- Paved Surfaces -- Pavement Design Analysis. -- Layered Elastic and Finite Element Analysis. -- Flexible Pavements-Historic Approach. -- Rigid Pavements-Historic Approach. -- Pavement Strength Reporting Methods. -- Load Classification Number/Load Classification Group Method. -- Modern Methods for Paved Runways-ACN/PCN and ACR/PCR. -- ACN/PCN. -- ACR/PCR. -- Membrane and Mat Surfaces -- PCASE Software for Flotation Analysis -- Engineered Materials Arresting Systems (EMAS) -- Snow and Ice Runways -- Prepared Snow Runways. -- Ice Runways. -- Helidecks and Heliports -- Naval Vessels/Aircraft Carriers -- Aircraft Carriers. -- Amphibious Warfare Ships. -- Maneuvering -- ICAO Airport Standards -- Required Maneuvers-NAS3601 -- Required Maneuvers-Land-Based Military Aircraft -- Required Maneuvers-Shipboard Military Aircraft -- Surface Texture and Profile -- Paved Runways -- Micro/Macrotexture -- Runway Roughness/Profile and Obstacles -- Roughness Measurement Techniques -- Power Spectral Density Approach -- Boeing Bump Method -- International Roughness Index -- Short Wavelength Roughness -- ProFAA Roughness Evaluation Tool -- Industry Standard Roughness Profiles. ; Bomb Damage Repair -- Arrestor Cables -- Unsurfaced Runways -- Deck/Helideck -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Tires -- Tire Construction and Terminology -- Construction Terminology -- Tire Dimensions and Properties -- Inflation Pressure -- Tire Temperatures -- Tire Classification -- Selection between Bias and Radial Tires -- Manufacturing, Certification, and Standardization -- Tire Sizing -- Tire Sizing Formulae -- Tire Sizing Requirements -- Tire Tables -- Tire Performance and Modeling -- Mechanics of Pneumatic Tires -- Rolling Behavior -- Turning Behavior -- Vertical Stiffness -- Braking Behavior -- Tire-Ground Friction -- Wet Runways and Hydroplaning -- Snow and Ice -- Wear -- Tire Property and Behavior Models -- NASA Technical Report R-64 -- Brush Model and Fiala Model -- Beam and String Models -- Magic Formula Model -- Undesirable Tire Behavior -- Spray -- Debris Lofting -- Tire Failure Modes -- Modeling Tire Failure Events -- Model 1: Tire Debris Threat Model -- Model 3E: Flailing Tire Strip Threat Model -- Model 3R: Flailing Tire Strip Threat Model -- Model 4: Tire Burst Pressure Effect Threat Model -- Understanding the Impact of Tire Failures -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Wheels, Brakes, and Brake Control -- Brakes -- Aircraft Deceleration -- Brake Sizing -- Energy -- Kinetic Energy Calculation -- Rational Brake Energy Calculation -- Torque -- Brake Design -- Brake Actuation -- Mechanical Connection to the Landing Gear Structure -- Weight -- Wheel and Brake Certification and Recommended Practices -- Brake Issues and Concerns -- Vibration -- Failure and Degradation Modes -- Braking Accessories -- Brake Cooling Fans -- Brake Temperature Measuring Systems -- Retraction Braking -- Wheels -- Bearing Selection and Preload -- Over Temperature and Over Pressure Relief -- Wheel Mass -- Failure Modes -- Bearing Failure -- Wheel Rim Release -- Brake Control. ; Brake Control Architectures -- Antiskid and Related Functions -- Braking Efficiency -- Antiskid Dynamics -- Antiskid Hardware -- Autobrake -- Failure Modes -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Layout, Stability, and Maneuverability -- Tricycle Arrangement -- Conventional (Taildragger) Configuration -- Bicycle Configuration -- Maneuvering -- References -- CHAPTER 6 General Arrangement -- Energy Absorption -- Aircraft Structural Arrangement -- Landing Gear Topologies -- Common Considerations -- Caster -- Wheel Alignment -- Cantilever -- Cantilever Gear Bearing Overlap -- Pogo-Stick Design -- Torque Links and Splines -- Semi-Articulated -- Articulated -- Side-Hinged Articulated -- Multi-Wheel Bogie Arrangements -- Other Configurations -- Wheel-Less Configurations -- Skids and Skis -- Adaptive Structure -- Seaplanes, Floats, and Hydrofoils -- Air Cushion -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Shock Absorbers -- Damping -- Friction Damping -- Hydraulic Damping -- Other Damping Types -- Recoil Damping -- Structural Spring Types -- Coil Spring -- Ring-Spring -- Leaf Spring -- Elastomeric -- Pneumatic -- Liquid Spring -- Liquid Spring Sizing -- Liquid Spring Examples and Issues -- Oleo-Pneumatic -- Oleo-Pneumatic Sizing -- Refinements -- Real Gas Model -- Inflation Gas Solubility in Oil -- Design for Real-World Operation -- Example Single Stage Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorbers -- Multiple Stage Oleo-Pneumatic Shock Absorbers -- Active Shock Absorbers -- Shock Absorber Design Considerations -- Seals -- Inflation and Fill Valves -- Servicing -- Shock Absorber Oil -- Single Use Shock Absorbers: Crashworthiness and Space Applications -- Rotorcraft Ground Resonance -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Retraction, Kinematics, and Mechanisms -- Retraction/Extension -- Sliding Systems -- Hinged Systems -- Parallelogram Arrangements -- Secondary Motion -- Additional Hinge Axis -- Wheel Rotation. ; Planing Mechanisms -- Shortening -- Bogie Positioning -- Bogie-Controlled Articulation -- Stabilization, Locking, and Unlocking -- Planar Braces -- Telescopic Braces -- Rolling-Folding Braces -- Dual Brace (Rolling-Folding) -- Plunger Locks -- Over-Center Locks -- Self-Breaking Locks -- Latch Locks -- Ground Locks -- Springs -- Door Mechanisms -- Gear-Actuated Doors -- Independently Actuated Doors -- Ground Door Opening -- Actuation Layout and Loads -- Actuator Load Requirements -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Actuation -- Manual Actuation -- Hydraulic Actuation -- Rotary Hydraulic -- Linear Hydraulic -- Retraction Actuators -- Unlock Actuators -- Bogie Pitch Trimmers -- Internally Locking Actuators -- Collect Lock Actuators. -- Segment Lock Actuators. -- Electric Actuation -- Electro-Hydraulic -- Electro-Mechanical -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Systems -- Power Sources - Electrical, Hydraulic, and Pneumatic -- Electrical -- Hydraulic -- Typical Central Hydraulic Systems -- Dedicated Systems - Hydraulic Power Packs -- Hydraulic Components -- Pneumatic -- Sensors and Monitoring Systems -- Proximity Sensing -- Rotary and Linear Position Sensing -- Pressure and Temperature Sensing -- Electrical and Hydraulic Dressings -- Electrical Dressings -- Hydraulic Dressings -- Weight on Wheels (Air/Ground) Detection -- Extension and Retraction -- Example Systems -- Alternate Extension -- Steering and Steering Control -- Required Steering Torque -- Single Wheel Scrubbing Torque, T s -- Dual Wheel Scrubbing Torque, T s -- Steering Arrangements -- Centering -- Steer Motors and Control -- Rack and Pinion -- Push-Pull -- Rotary Steer Motor -- Shimmy Damping -- Nose Wheel Steering Examples -- Tailwheel Steering -- Main Gear Steering Examples -- Towing Concerns -- Landing and Taxi Lights -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Special Functions -- Catapult and Holdback -- Jump Strut. ; Hiking and Kneeling -- Autonomous Taxi -- Tire Pre-rotation -- Tail Bumper -- Weight and Balance -- Skis -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Detail Design -- Overview -- Structural Materials -- Steel and Corrosion Resistant Steel -- Aluminum -- Titanium -- Composites -- Surface Treatments -- Surface Modification -- Wear and Sealing Surface Coatings -- Corrosion Protection Coatings -- Inspection -- Corrosion Avoidance -- Stress Corrosion Cracking -- Galvanic Corrosion Avoidance -- Fasteners -- Locking and Dual Locking -- Clearance Requirements for Fastener Installation and Maintenance -- Pins, Lugs, Sockets, and Bushings -- Initial Sizing -- Bushings -- Grease Grooves -- Bushing Installation -- Repair Allowance -- Grease Fittings and Greasing Provisions -- Grease Selection -- Pin and Lug Joint Examples -- Limits and Fits -- Metric System -- US Customary (Inch) System -- Typical Fit Classes for Landing Gear Components -- Springs -- Seals -- Electrical Bonding, Lightning, and Static Dissipation -- Shock Absorber Bearings -- Bogie Pivot Joint -- Towing, Jacking, and Tie-Down Provisions -- Tow Fittings -- Jacking -- Tie-Down -- Emergency Towing (Debogging) -- Crashworthiness -- Fuse Pins -- Maintainability and Murphy Proofing -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Loads, Structural Analysis, and Testing -- Loads -- Ground Loads -- Asymmetrical Loads on Multiple Wheel Landing Gears -- Book Cases -- Taxi, Takeoff, and Landing Roll. -- Braked Roll Conditions. -- Turning. -- Tailwheel-Specific Cases. -- Nose-Wheel-Specific Cases. -- Pivoting. -- Reverse Braking. -- Rational Loads -- Landing Loads -- Level Landing Conditions. -- Tail-Down Landing Condition. -- One Gear Conditions. -- Lateral Drift Landing Case (Side Load). -- Rebound and Free Extension. -- Shock Absorber Pressures. -- Sailplane Specific Loads -- Level Landing Conditions. -- Tail-Down Landing Conditions. ; One-Wheel Landing Condition.
• Sommario/riassunto: The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear is designed to guide the reader through the key principles of landing system design and to provide additional references when available. Many problems which must be confronted have already been addressed by others in the past, but the information is not known or shared, leading to the observation that there are few new problems, but many new people. It is intended to share much of the existing information and provide avenues for further exploration. The design of an aircraft and its associated systems, including the landing system, involves iterative loops as the impact of each modification to a system or component is evaluated against the whole. It is rare to find that the lightest possible landing gear represents the best solution for the aircraft: the lightest landing gear may require attachment structures which don't exist and which would require significant weight and compromise on the part of the airframe structure design.
• Titolo autorizzato: The design of aircraft landing gear
• ISBN: 0-7680-8345-1; 1-5231-4041-0; 0-7680-9943-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910794668703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II