Blockchain and Climate Action : Enhancing ESG and Carbon Markets Through Financial Technology

• Autore: Skauradszun Dominik
• Pubblicazione: Berlin/Boston : , : Walter de Gruyter GmbH, , 2025; ©2026
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (310 pages)
• Disciplina: 363.738746
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Tokenising the voluntary carbon credit market: Harnessing opportunities for sustainable development -- 1 Background -- 2 Carbon pricing -- 3 Voluntary carbon credits -- 4 Challenges in current voluntary carbon markets -- 5 Introduction to tokenisation -- 6 Process of carbon tokenisation -- 7 Current state of carbon tokenisation in practice -- 8 Opportunities for carbon tokenisation -- 8.1 Market accessibility -- 8.2 Transparency and trust -- Case study: Toucan protocol -- 8.3 Efficiency and scalability -- Case study: Coorest -- 8.4 Innovation and new markets -- 8.4.1 Technological innovations -- 8.4.2 New markets -- 8.4.3 Case study: Senken and Vlinder in the world's first carbon forward token -- 8.5 Diversification benefits -- 9 Regulatory considerations -- 10 Outlook and potential -- 11 Conclusion -- 2 The early challenges in voluntary carbon markets: An interview-based analysis of past and present problems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Challenges in voluntary carbon markets -- 3 Qualitative analysis of the voluntary carbon market -- 3.1 Opaque market structure -- 3.2 Lack of global governance -- 3.3 Lack of supply -- 3.4 Restricted accessibility -- 4 Conclusion -- 3 Conditions for tokenisation of carbon standard-issued credits as third-party crypto instruments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature review -- 2.1 Carbon markets -- 2.2 Issues with the current VCM -- 2.3 Blockchain -- 2.3.1 Ledger databases -- 2.3.2 Blockchain innovations -- 2.3.3 Blockchain and carbon markets -- 3 Tokenisation of Verra's VCUs and the subsequent ban -- 3.1 Method of tokenisation by Toucan, Moss and C3 -- 3.2 The Ban on tokenisation by Verra and Gold Standard -- 4 Three options for the VCM -- 4.1 No tokenisation by existing registries -- 4.2 Tokenising traditional credits -- 4.3 Native tokenisation -- 4.4 What tokenisation cannot solve. ; 5 Our solution -- 5.1 Choosing a blockchain and token type -- 5.2 Creating the smart contract -- 5.3 Market design -- 5.4 What registries should avoid -- 6 Conclusion -- 4 VCCs, Tokenisation and the EU CBAM: Some microeconomics of VCCs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Standard structure of VCC markets -- 3 VCC markets and asymmetric information -- 4 Economic effects of tokenising VCCs -- 4.1 Reducing information asymmetries -- 4.2 Increasing tradability of carbon credits -- 5 CBAM and VCCs -- 6 Conclusions -- 5 Application of blockchain in voluntary carbon markets: A multiple case study on emergent implementations and their challenges -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Operational approach -- 3 Case study: Toucan -- 3.1 Application of blockchain technology -- 3.2 Challenges and limitations -- 3.2.1 Evolution of Toucan's tokenisation approach -- 3.2.2 Integrity at tokenisation -- 3.2.3 Technical, interoperability, and volatility challenges of blockchain-based financial systems -- 3.2.4 Global regulatory frameworks and compliance concerns -- 3.3 Conclusion -- 4 Case study: Regen network development -- 4.1 Application of blockchain technology -- 4.1.1 Ecological state protocols -- 4.1.2 Ecological contracts -- 4.1.3 Supply Protocols -- 4.1.4 Decentralised governance (DAO Structure) -- 4.1.5 Role and utility of the regen token (REGEN) -- 4.1.6 Regen registry and marketplace -- 4.2 Challenges and limitations -- 4.2.1 Equitable participation and governance imbalances -- 4.2.2 Data integrity and verification challenges -- 4.2.3 Token valuation and economic security risks -- 4.3 Conclusion -- 5 Case study: Senken -- 5.1 Adoption of blockchain technology -- 5.2 Challenges and limitations -- 5.3 Conclusion -- 6 Case study: Kumo -- 6.1 Application of blockchain technology -- 6.2 Challenges and limitations -- 6.3 Conclusion -- 7 Case study: Moss. ; 7.1 Application of blockchain technology -- 7.2 Challenges and limitations -- 7.3 Conclusion -- 8 Discussion -- 8.1 Regulatory and standardisation needs -- 8.1.1 Unified regulatory framework -- 8.1.2 Standardised tokenisation methodologies -- 8.1.3 Harmonised market standards for methodologies -- 8.2 Technical infrastructure requirements -- 8.2.1 Interoperability across systems -- 8.2.2 Accurate measurement systems for data integrity -- 8.2.3 Technical requirements for accessibility and adoptions -- 8.3 Operational and market dynamics -- 8.3.1 Operational and transactional efficiency -- 8.3.2 Market dynamics and financial stability -- 9 Conclusion -- 6 From project design to retirement: The role of blockchain along the voluntary carbon credit lifecycle -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 2.1 Blockchain and tokenisation -- 2.2 Voluntary carbon credit lifecycle -- 3 Operational approach -- 4 Results -- 4.1 Blockchain application possibilities -- 4.2 Value proposition of blockchain for VCCs lifecycle steps -- 4.3 Additional requirements -- 5 Discussion and conclusion -- 7 Applicable law in the supply chains of VCC tokens -- 1 Introduction -- 2 First insights into the use cases and their provisions regarding questions of Private International Law -- 2.1 International use cases which issue VCC tokens -- 2.1.1 Toucan -- 2.1.2 Regen Network -- 2.2 German use cases which issue VCC tokens -- 2.2.1 Carbonstack -- 2.2.2 Goodcarbon -- 2.3 Mere marketplaces for VCC tokens -- 2.3.1 Senken -- 2.3.2 Kumo -- 2.4 Synopsis of accessible provisions regarding Private International Law -- 3 Possible conflict of laws rules along the supply chain of VCC tokens -- 3.1 Conflict of laws rules within the Union and German legal framework -- 3.1.1 Rome I Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations. ; 3.1.1.1 Scope of the Rome I Regulation and no exclusion as negotiable instruments -- 3.1.1.1.1 No obligations arising out of a negotiable character -- 3.1.1.1.2 No sufficient comparability with bills of exchange or cheques -- 3.1.1.2 Choice of law pursuant to Art. 3 Rome I Regulation -- 3.1.1.3 Habitual residence of the seller pursuant to Art. 4(1)(a) Rome I Regulation -- 3.1.1.4 Habitual residence of the service provider pursuant to Art. 4(1)(b) Rome I Regulation -- 3.1.1.5 Residence of the party required to effect characteristic performance pursuant to Art. 4(2) Rome I Regulation -- 3.1.1.6 Law of the country which is most closely connected pursuant to Art. 4(4) Rome I -- 3.1.1.7 Conclusion for the conflict of laws rules in the Rome I Regulation -- 3.1.2 Lex rei sitae pursuant to Art. 43 German Introductory Act to the Civil Code -- 3.1.3 Lex libri siti pursuant to Sec. 17a Securities Deposit Act or Sec. 32 Electronic Securities Act -- 3.2 Conflict of laws rules in the UNIDROIT Principles on Digital Assets and Private Law -- 3.2.1 VCC tokens as digital assets according to Principle 2(2) UNIDROIT DAPL -- 3.2.2 Applicable law for proprietary issues according to Principle 5 UNIDROIT DAPL -- 3.3 Conflict of laws rules in other jurisdictions -- 3.3.1 Conflict of laws rules in England and Wales -- 3.3.2 Conflict of laws rules in the US Uniform Commercial Code -- 4 Valuation of possible connecting factors in conflict of laws rules -- 4.1 Lex rei sitae -- 4.2 Habitual residence of the parties -- 4.3 Closest connection -- 4.4 Lex libri siti or statutory seat of the issuer or of the registry -- 4.5 Choice of law by the parties -- 5 Conclusions and brief proposal for a conflict of laws rule for VCC tokens -- 8 VCC tokenisation: Navigating legal frameworks and designing for regulatory compliance -- A Legal background -- I Legal frameworks. ; 1 MiFID and MiFID II -- 2 MiCAR -- a) Classification of tokens -- b) Exemptions -- c) Obligations for offerors of crypto-assets and persons seeking admission to trading regarding VCC tokens -- aa) Offering a VCC token -- bb) Seeking admission to trading of VCC tokens -- d) Obligations of the offeror of crypto-assets -- e) Crypto-asset service providers -- aa) Authorisation of crypto-asset service providers -- bb) Obligations for all crypto-asset service providers -- cc) Provision of custody and administration of crypto-assets on behalf of clients -- dd) Operating a crypto-asset trading platform -- ff) Execution of orders for crypto-assets on behalf of clients -- gg) Placing of crypto-assets -- ii) Providing advice on crypto-assets and providing portfolio management of crypto-assets -- jj) Placing transfer services for crypto-assets on behalf of clients -- f) Other European legislation on VCC tokens -- II Comparison of non-European regulatory approaches with the European regulatory framework -- 1 Regulation of VCC tokens in the USA -- 2 Regulation of VCC tokens in the United Kingdom -- 3 Comparison of the different regulatory approaches -- III Relevant German law -- IV UNIDROIT Principles -- 1 UNIDROIT Principles on Digital Assets and Private Law -- 2 Draft UNIDROIT Principles on the Legal Nature of Verified Carbon Credits -- B Case studies -- I Toucan -- II Nori -- III Crypto Carbon Company (C3) -- IV Coorest -- C Placing the use cases within the context of the relevant legislation -- I CHAR -- II Nori Regenerative Tonne and NORI -- III UBO and NBO tokens -- IV CCO2, NFTrees and PoCC -- D Conclusion and outlook -- 9 Voluntary carbon credits and digital product passports: Similarities and differences -- 1 Introduction: Trust in sustainability -- 2 Fundamental characteristics -- 2.1 Ecological background and objectives. ; 2.2 Issuance process ('Lifecycle').
• Sommario/riassunto: The book provides an analysis of the challenges associated with the utilisation of blockchain technology in carbon markets and ESG from various academic disciplines.The analysis of the tokenisation of Voluntary Carbon Credits (VCC) using blockchain technology will encompass a comprehensive review of the issues involved in the economics of.
• Titolo autorizzato: Blockchain and Climate Action
• ISBN: 3-11-170681-8; 3-11-170671-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 996683081003316
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno