Biologic markers in immunotoxicology / / Subcommittee on Immunotoxicology, Committee on Biologic Markers ... [et al.]

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1992
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (224 p.)
• Disciplina: 615.9/07
• Soggetto topico: Immunotoxicology; Biochemical markers
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-181) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Biologic Markers in Immunotoxicology -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Summary -- HYPERSENSITIVITY -- AUTOIMMUNITY -- IMMUNE SUPPRESSION -- BIOASSAYS OF IMMUNOTOXICITY -- CLINICAL APPLICATION OF EXISTING IMMUNOTOXICOLOGIC BIOLOGIC MARKERS -- ROLE OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF IMMUNOTOXICITY IN EPIDEMIOLOGY -- INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY -- 1 Introduction -- BIOLOGIC MARKERS -- Markers of Exposure -- Markers of Effect -- Markers of Susceptibility -- VALIDITY OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS -- UNCERTAINTY AND RISK -- ETHICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES -- STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT -- 2 The Structure and Function Of the Immune System And Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity -- DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- MECHANISMS OF CHEMICALLY INDUCED IMMUNE DISEASE -- IgE-Mediated Hypersensitivity -- Complement-Mediated and Immune-Complex-Mediated Injury -- T-Cell Reactions -- EFFECTS OF XENOBIOTICS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- 3 Biologic Markers For Immune-Mediated Disease -- DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM -- EXPOSURE THROUGH INHALATION (PULMONARY HYPERSENSITIVITY) -- Occupational Asthma and Rhinitis -- Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis -- EXPOSURE THROUGH INGESTION -- DERMAL EXPOSURE -- Contact Dermatitis -- Photocontact Dermatitis -- Contact Urticaria -- NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE ENHANCEMENT -- BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY -- History and Clinical Signs -- Skin Tests -- Serum IgE Concentration -- In Vitro Assays for Specific Antibody -- In Vitro Assays for Cellular Immunity -- Provocation Challenges -- Bronchoalveolar Lavage -- ANIMAL MODELS FOR DETECTING CHEMICALLY MEDIATED HYPERSENSITIVITY -- Techniques Used in Animal Studies to Determine the Potential of Chemicals to Cause Hypersensitivity -- IgE-and IgG-Mediated Immediate Reactions -- Cytotoxic Reactions -- Antigen-Antibody Complexes -- Contact Hypersensitivity -- SUMMARY. ; RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- IgE Sensitivity -- Immunologically Mediated Adverse Reactions -- Local Versus Systemic Immunity -- Sensitizers -- Individual Differences in Sensitivity -- Development of Self-Antigens -- Effects of Exposure Conditions -- Epidemiology -- IGE AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY -- Cellular and Antibody Immunity -- Individual Variability -- Local Versus Systemic Immunity -- Organic Versus Chemical Hypersensitivity -- Effects of Exposure -- Particle Composition -- Chemical Haptens -- 4 Autoimmune Diseases -- DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM -- INCIDENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- SUSCEPTIBILITY VERSUS EXPOSURE -- XENOBIOTIC-INDUCED AUTOIMMUNITY -- MECHANISMS -- ANIMAL MODELS -- BIOLOGIC MARKERS -- MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX -- IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES -- OTHER GENETIC MARKERS -- RATE OF ACETYLATION -- Antinuclear Antibodies -- Specific Tissue Autoantibodies -- Histopathologic Examination -- Immune Complexes -- Complement -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 The Capacity of Toxic Agents to Compromise the Immune System (Biologic Markers of Immunosuppression) -- CONSEQUENCES OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS -- Human Studies -- Experimental Studies -- Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- Benzene -- Metals -- Complex Mixtures -- Miscellaneous -- INHALATION AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION -- SKIN AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION -- MYELOTOXICITY AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSION -- DIFFICULTIES IN ESTABLISHING HUMAN RISK -- FACTORS THAT AFFECT SUSCEPTIBILITY -- Age and External Factors -- Metabolic Differences -- Species Differences -- IMPORTANCE OF MECHANISTIC STUDIES -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Animal Models for Use in Detecting Immunotoxic Potential And Determining Mechanisms of Action -- ANIMAL IMMUNOTOXICITY BIOASSAYS -- Pathologic Evaluation -- Humoral Immunity -- Cellular Immunity -- Nonspecific Immunity -- Bone Marrow -- Host Resistance. ; Mechanistic Studies -- ASSAYS OF PULMONARY IMMUNOCOMPETENCE -- ASSAYS REQUIRING ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- USE OF IMMUNOTOXICITY BIOASSAYS -- Considerations in the Design of Immunotoxicity Testing -- Immunotoxicity as a Basis for Risk Assessment -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 7 Human Immune-System Biologic Markers of Immunotoxicity -- TESTS FOR ASSESSING IMMUNITY -- TESTS OF THE HUMORAL IMMUNE SYSTEM -- Immunoglobulin Concentration -- Antibody Formation -- B Cells -- CELLULAR IMMUNE SYSTEM -- Skin Testing -- In Vitro Stimulation of Lymphocytes -- OTHER TESTS -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS THAT ASSESS THE EFFECT OF IMMUNOTOXICANTS -- Primary Humoral Immune Responses -- Activation Antigens on Lymphocyte Surfaces and in Serum -- Synthesis and Secretion of Lymphokines After Lymphocyte Activation -- Proliferative Responses to Super-Antigens -- Self-HLA-Restricted Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity -- PROPOSED TESTING REGIMEN -- SUMMARY -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 8 Application of Biologic Markers Of Immunotoxicity in Epidemiology -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- CONTRIBUTION OF BIOLOGIC MARKERS TO EPIDEMIOLOGY -- VARIABILITY IN REFERENCE POPULATIONS -- SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND PREDICTIVE VALUE -- AUTHENTICATION OF THE EVENT STATUS -- STUDY DESIGN -- REFERENCE POPULATIONS -- CASE STUDIES -- Background -- Study Design -- Results -- Strengths -- Limitations -- Background -- Study Design -- Results -- Strengths -- Limitations -- Background -- Study Design -- Results -- Strengths -- Limitations -- Background -- Study Design -- Results -- Strengths -- Limitations -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 9 Use of Biologic Markers In Controversial Areas Of Environmental Health -- EVIDENCE OF EXPOSURE TO ORGANIC CHEMICALS -- HEALTH EFFECTS OF INDOOR AIR CONTAMINANTS -- CASE DEFINITIONS OF MULTIPLE-CHEMICAL-SENSITIVITY SYNDROME -- IMMUNE-SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION IN MCS PATIENTS. ; BIOLOGIC MARKERS OF SENSITIVITY TO CHEMICALS -- Provocative Challenge -- Skin Tests -- ANTIBODIES TO FORMALDEHYDE-HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN ADDUCTS -- Avoidance Regimens -- T-cell Helper-to-Suppressor Ratios -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 10 Summary and Recommendations -- CHEMICAL-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN HUMANS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL EXPOSURE IN HYPERSENSITIVITY AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- ANIMAL AND IN VITRO MODELS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- MARKERS OF SKIN AND MUCOSAL RESPONSES -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES AND SENSITIVITY SYNDROMES -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- REFERENCES -- Glossary -- BIOGRAPHIES -- INDEX.
• Titolo autorizzato: Biologic markers in immunotoxicology
• ISBN: 1-280-21206-3; 9786610212064; 0-309-59504-5; 0-585-02611-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910817058503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II