Organic chemistry / / Paula Yurkanis Bruice

• Autore: Bruice Paula Yurkanis <1941->
• Pubblicazione: Harlow, England : , : Pearson, , [2017]; ©2017
• Edizione: Eighth edition, Global edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (1,339 pages) : colour illustrations, photographs
• Disciplina: 547
• Soggetto topico: Chemistry, Organic; Química orgànica
• Note generali: Includes index
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- About the Author -- Contents -- PART ONE: An Introduction to the Study of Organic Chemistry -- 1 Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Natural versus Synthetic Organic Compounds -- 1.1 The Structure of an Atom -- 1.2 How the Electrons in an Atom are Distributed -- 1.3 Covalent Bonds -- 1.4 How the Structure of a Compound is Represented -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 1.5 Atomic Orbitals -- 1.6 An Introduction to Molecular Orbital Theory -- 1.7 How Single Bonds are Formed in Organic Compounds -- 1.8 How a Double Bond is Formed: The Bonds in Ethene -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Diamond, Graphite, Graphene, and Fullerenes: Substances that Contain Only Carbon Atoms -- 1.9 How a Triple Bond is Formed: The Bonds in Ethyne -- 1.10 The Bonds in the Methyl Cation, the Methyl Radical, and the Methyl Anion -- 1.11 The Bonds in Ammonia and in the Ammonium Ion -- 1.12 The Bonds in Water -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Water-A Unique Compound -- 1.13 The Bond in a Hydrogen Halide -- 1.14 Hybridization and Molecular Geometry -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 1.15 Summary: Hybridization, Bond Lengths, Bond Strengths, and Bond Angles -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 1.16 Dipole Moments of Molecules -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- PROBLEMS -- 2 Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry -- 2.1 An Introduction to Acids and Bases -- 2.2 pK[Sub(a)] and pH -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Acid Rain -- 2.3 Organic Acids and Bases -- BIOLOGICAL CONNECTION: Poisonous Amines -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 2.4 How to Predict the Outcome of an Acid-Base Reaction -- 2.5 How to Determine the Position of Equilibrium -- 2.6 How the Structure of an Acid Affects its pK[Sub(a)] Value -- 2.7 How Substituents Affect the Strength of an Acid. ; PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 2.8 An Introduction to Delocalized Electrons -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: Fosamax Prevents Bones from Being Nibbled Away -- 2.9 A Summary of the Factors that Determine Acid Strength -- 2.10 How pH Affects the Structure of an Organic Compound -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: Aspirin Must Be in its Basic Form to be Physiologically Active -- 2.11 Buffer Solutions -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: Blood: A Buffered Solution -- 2.12 Lewis Acids and Bases -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- PROBLEMS -- TUTORIAL Acids and Bases -- 3 An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure -- 3.1 Alkyl Groups -- 3.2 The Nomenclature of Alkanes -- INDUSTRIAL CONNECTION: How is the Octane Number of Gasoline Determined? -- 3.3 The Nomenclature of Cycloalkanes -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 3.4 The Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides -- 3.5 The Nomenclature of Ethers -- 3.6 The Nomenclature of Alcohols -- 3.7 The Nomenclature of Amines -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Bad-Smelling Compounds -- 3.8 The Structures of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines -- 3.9 Noncovalent Interactions -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: Drugs Bind to Their Receptors -- 3.10 The Solubility of Organic Compounds -- BIOLOGICAL CONNECTION: Cell Membranes -- 3.11 Rotation Occurs about Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds -- 3.12 Some Cycloalkanes Have Angle Strain -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Von Baeyer, Barbituric Acid, and Blue Jeans -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 3.13 Conformers of Cyclohexane -- 3.14 Conformers of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Starch and Cellulose-Axial and Equatorial -- 3.15 Conformers of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 3.16 Fused Cyclohexane Rings. ; MEDICAL CONNECTION: Cholesterol and Heart Disease -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: How High Cholesterol is Treated Clinically -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- PROBLEMS -- PART TWO: Electrophilic Addition Reactions, Stereochemistry, and Electron Delocalization -- TUTORIAL Using Molecular Models -- 4 Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space -- 4.1 Cis-Trans Isomers Result from Restricted Rotation -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Cis-Trans Interconversion in Vision -- 4.2 Using the E,Z System to Distinguish Isomers -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.3 A Chiral Object Has a Nonsuperimposable Mirror Image -- 4.4 An Asymmetric Center is a Cause of Chirality in a Molecule -- 4.5 Isomers with One Asymmetric Center -- 4.6 Asymmetric Centers and Stereocenters -- 4.7 How to Draw Enantiomers -- 4.8 Naming Enantiomers by the R,S System -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.9 Chiral Compounds Are Optically Active -- 4.10 How Specific Rotation Is Measured -- 4.11 Enantiomeric Excess -- 4.12 Compounds with More than One Asymmetric Center -- 4.13 Stereoisomers of Cyclic Compounds -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.14 Meso Compounds Have Asymmetric Centers but Are Optically Inactive -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.15 How to Name Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Center -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 4.16 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Atoms Can Be Asymmetric Centers -- 4.17 Receptors -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: The Enantiomers of Thalidomide -- 4.18 How Enantiomers Can Be Separated -- PHARMACEUTICAL CONNECTION: Chiral Drugs -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- PROBLEMS -- TUTORIAL Interconverting Structural Representations -- 5 Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity Thermodynamics and Kinetics -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTION: Pheromones -- 5.1 Molecular Formulas and the Degree of Unsaturation -- 5.2 The Nomenclature of Alkenes -- 5.3 The Structure of Alkenes. ; PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 5.4 How An Organic Compound Reacts Depends on Its Functional Group -- 5.5 How Alkenes React Curved Arrows Show the Flow of Electrons -- GENERAL CONNECTION: A Few Words About Curved Arrows -- 5.6 Thermodynamics: How Much Product is Formed? -- 5.7 Increasing the Amount of Product Formed in a Reaction -- 5.8 Calculating & -- #916 -- H° Values -- 5.9 Using & -- #916 -- H° Values to Determine the Relative Stabilities of Alkenes -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- NUTRITIONAL CONNECTION: Trans Fats -- 5.10 Kinetics: How Fast is the Product Formed? -- 5.11 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: The Difference between 5.11 The Rate of a Chemical Reaction & -- #916 -- G[Sup(& -- #0135 -- )] and E[Sub(a)] -- 5.12 A Reaction Coordinate Diagram Describes the Energy Changes That Take Place During a Reaction -- 5.13 Catalysis -- 5.14 Catalysis by Enzymes -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- PROBLEMS -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Calculating Kinetic Parameters -- TUTORIAL Drawing Curved Arrows -- 6 The Reactions of Alkenes The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions -- 6.1 The Addition of a Hydrogen Halide to an Alkene -- 6.2 Carbocation Stability Depends on the Number of Alkyl Groups Attached to the Positively Charged Carbon -- 6.3 What Does the Structure of the Transition State Look Like? -- 6.4 Electrophilic Addition Reactions Are Regioselective -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 6.5 The Addition of Water to an Alkene -- 6.6 The Addition of an Alcohol to an Alkene -- 6.7 A Carbocation Will Rearrange if It Can Form a More Stable Carbocation -- 6.8 The Addition of Borane to an Alkene: Hydroboration-Oxidation -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Borane and Diborane -- 6.9 The Addition of a Halogen to an Alkene -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 6.10 The Addition of a Peroxyacid to an Alkene -- 6.11 The Addition of Ozone to an Alkene: Ozonolysis. ; PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 6.12 Regioselective, Stereoselective, And Stereospecific Reactions -- 6.13 The Stereochemistry of Electrophilic Addition Reactions -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Cyclic Alkenes -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 6.14 The Stereochemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions -- 6.15 Enantiomers Can Be Distinguished by Biological Molecules -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Chiral Catalysts -- 6.16 Reactions and Synthesis -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTION: Which are More Harmful: Natural Pesticides or Synthetic Pesticides? -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- SUMMARY OF REACTIONS -- PROBLEMS -- 7 The Reactions of Alkynes An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: Synthetic Alkynes Are Used to Treat Parkinson's Disease -- PHARMACEUTICAL CONNECTION: Why Are Drugs so Expensive? -- 7.1 The Nomenclature of Alkynes -- MEDICAL CONNECTION: Synthetic Alkynes Are Used for Birth Control -- 7.2 How to Name a Compound That Has More than One Functional Group -- 7.3 The Structure of Alkynes -- BIOLOGICAL CONNECTION: How a Banana Slug Knows What to Eat -- 7.4 The Physical Properties of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons -- 7.5 The Reactivity of Alkynes -- 7.6 The Addition of Hydrogen Halides and the Addition of Halogens to an Alkyne -- 7.7 The Addition of Water to an Alkyne -- 7.8 The Addition of Borane to an Alkyne: Hydroboration-Oxidation -- 7.9 The Addition of Hydrogen to an Alkyne -- 7.10 A Hydrogen Bonded to an sp Carbon Is "Acidic -- CHEMICAL CONNECTION: Sodium Amide and Sodium in Ammonia -- PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY -- 7.11 Synthesis Using Acetylide Ions -- 7.12 DESIGNING A SYNTHESIS I: An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis -- ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTION: Green Chemistry: Aiming for Sustainability -- ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS -- SUMMARY OF REACTIONS -- PROBLEMS. ; 8 Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pK[Sub(a)] , and the Products of a Reaction Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene.
• Sommario/riassunto: For courses in Organic Chemistry (2-Semester) A framework for organic chemistry built around the similarities in reaction types Paula Bruice's presentation in Organic Chemistry, Eighth Edition provides mixed-science majors with the conceptual foundations, chemical logic, and problem-solving skills they need to reason their way to solutions for diverse problems in synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, and medicine. The Eighth Edition builds a strong framework for thinking about organic chemistry by unifying principles of reactivity that students will apply throughout the course, discouraging memorization. With more applications than any other textbook, Dr. Bruice consistently relates structure and reactivity to what occurs in our own cells and reinforces the fundamental reason for all chemical reactions-electrophiles react with nucleophiles. New streamlined coverage of substitution and elimination, updated problem-solving strategies, synthesis skill-building applications and tutorials guide students throughout fundamental and complex content in both the first and second semesters of the course. MasteringChemistry™ is not included. Students, if MasteringChemistry is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN. MasteringChemistry should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. MasteringChemistry an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Interactive, self-paced tutorials provide individualized coaching to help students stay on track. With a wide range of activities available, students can actively learn, understand, and retain even the most difficult concepts.
• Titolo autorizzato: Organic chemistry
• ISBN: 9781292160351; 9781292160344
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910154959303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II