Bioenergy research : biomass waste to energy / / Manish Srivastava, Neha Srivastava, Rajeev Kumar Singh, editors

• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (276 pages)
• Disciplina: 333.794
• Soggetto topico: Renewable energy sources; Microbiology - Automation; Biomassa; Energies renovables; Microbiologia
• Soggetto genere / forma: Llibres electrònics
• Persona (resp. second.): SrivastavaManish; SrivastavaNeha; SinghRajeev Kumar
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Advancements in Biofuel Production -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Environmental Effects of Fossil Fuels -- 1.3 Need for Alternative of Fossil Fuels -- 1.4 Production of Biofuels -- 1.5 Advancement in Biofuel Generations -- 1.6 First Generation (1G) Biofuels -- 1.7 Second Generation (2G) Biofuels -- 1.8 Third Generation (3G) Biofuels -- 1.9 Fourth Generation (4G) Biofuels -- 1.10 Recent Advancements in Biofuel Production -- 1.11 Bioethanol -- 1.12 Biobutanol -- 1.13 Biodiesel -- 1.14 Biohydrogen -- 1.15 Biogas -- 1.16 Conclusion -- References -- 2: Bioenergy: Sustainable Renewable Energy -- 2.1 Introduction: Bio Energy-A Sustainable Energy Source -- 2.2 Biomass -- 2.2.1 Biomass Feedstock -- 2.3 Biomass and Land Use -- 2.4 Technologies for Biomass Conversion -- 2.4.1 Biochemical Conversion -- 2.4.1.1 Anaerobic Digestion -- Hydrolysis -- Acidogenesis -- Acetogenesis -- Methanogenesis -- 2.4.1.2 Fermentation -- 2.4.2 Thermochemical Conversion -- 2.4.2.1 Pyrolysis -- Slow Pyrolysis -- Fast Pyrolysis -- Flash Pyrolysis -- Catalytic Pyrolysis -- 2.4.2.2 Gasification -- 2.4.2.3 Combustion -- 2.4.2.4 Hydrothermal Processing -- 2.4.3 Physiochemical Conversion -- 2.4.3.1 Esterification -- 2.5 Examples of Biofuels -- 2.5.1 Bioethanol -- 2.5.2 Biodiesel -- 2.5.3 Biogas -- 2.5.4 Other Sustainable Fuels -- 2.6 Benefits of Biofuels -- 2.6.1 Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 2.6.2 Generating Heat and Electricity -- 2.6.3 Better Air Quality -- 2.6.4 Biofuels Are Biodegradable -- 2.6.5 Local Economic Development -- 2.6.6 Providing Support to Agricultural and Food-Processing Industries -- 2.6.7 Cost Savings -- 2.6.8 Less Landfills -- 2.6.9 Energy Security -- 2.6.10 New Technologies and Applications -- 2.6.11 Alternatives to Prescribed Forest Burning. ; 2.6.12 Environmental Benefits from Bioenergy Crops -- 2.7 Uses of Biofuels as Sustainable Renewable Energy -- 2.7.1 Transportation -- 2.7.2 Power Generation -- 2.7.3 Heat Generation -- 2.7.4 Remediation of Oil Spills -- 2.7.5 Cooking Fuel -- 2.7.6 Other Uses -- 2.8 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Biofuel from Microalgae -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Characteristics of Microalgae -- 3.3 Production of Microalgae -- 3.4 Harvesting of Microalgae -- 3.5 Generations of Biofuels -- 3.6 Types of Biofuels from Microalgae -- 3.6.1 Biodiesel -- 3.6.2 Bioethanol -- 3.6.3 Biomethane -- 3.6.4 Biohydrogen -- 3.7 Benefits and Drawbacks of Microalgae-Derived Biofuel -- 3.8 Worldwide Production of Biofuel -- 3.9 Other Applications of Microalgae -- 3.10 Conclusion -- References -- 4: Waste to Bioenergy: Recent Technologies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Biomass Residues and Wastes -- 4.3 Residue of Agriculture and Wood -- 4.4 Algal Biomass -- 4.5 Waste Oils (Used Cooking Oils) -- 4.6 Bioenergy ``Conversion Techniques´´ -- 4.7 Thermochemical Conversion -- 4.7.1 Gasification -- 4.7.2 Liquefaction -- 4.7.3 Pyrolysis -- 4.8 Physical Upgradation -- 4.9 Hydrodeoxygenation Upgradation -- 4.10 Catalytic ``Upgradation´´ -- 4.11 Biochemical Conversion -- 4.11.1 Anaerobic Digestion -- 4.11.2 Fermentation-Alcoholic -- 4.11.3 Hydrogen Production: Photobiological -- 4.12 Transesterification -- 4.13 Acid/Base and Enzyme Catalysis -- 4.13.1 Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Method -- 4.14 Bioelectricity Production from Biomass -- 4.15 Current Challenge and Future Prospects -- 4.16 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Bioenergy from Agricultural Wastes -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Biomass -- 5.3 Biology of Biomass -- 5.4 Agricultural Residues -- 5.5 Types of Bioenergy -- 5.5.1 Bioalcohol -- 5.5.2 Biodiesel -- 5.5.3 Biogas -- 5.6 Bioenergy Production -- 5.7 Raw Material. ; 5.8 Production of Bioenergy -- 5.9 Conversion to Biofuels -- 5.10 Advantages of Biofuels -- 5.11 Effect on Environment and Economy -- 5.12 Challenges and Advances -- 5.13 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Bio-Processing: Biomass to Commercial Alcohol -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.0 Composition of Biomass -- 6.1.1 Cellulose -- 6.1.1 Hemicellulose -- 6.1.1 Lignin -- 6.1.1 Starch -- 6.1.1 Minor Organic Components -- 6.1.1 Inorganic Matter -- 6.1.1 Other Elements in Biomass -- 6.1.1 Fluid Matter -- 6.0 Factors Affecting Ethanol Production -- 6.1.1 Temperature -- 6.1.1 Composition of substrate -- 6.1.1 Influence of pH -- 6.0 Agricultural Waste for Production of Alcohol -- 6.1.1 Plant Crops -- 6.1.1.1 Sugarcane -- 6.1.1.1 Sorghum -- 6.1.1.1 Beetroot (Sugar Beet) -- 6.1.1 Other Sugar- and Starch-Containing Plant Produces -- 6.1.1 Other Sources of Biomass -- 6.0 Pretreatment of Biomass -- 6.0 Fermentation Process -- 6.0 Case Studies -- 6.1.1 Production of Ethanol -- 6.0 Conclusion -- References -- 7: Hydrogen Production by Utilizing Bio-Processing Techniques -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 Hydrogen Application -- 7.2 Hydrogen Production via Biological Processes -- 7.2.1 Biophotolysis -- 7.2.2 Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production -- 7.2.2.1 Organisms -- 7.2.2.2 Consequences of Substrate -- 7.2.2.3 Effects of Trace Metals and Minerals -- 7.2.2.4 Effects of pH -- 7.2.2.5 Effects of Temperature -- 7.2.2.6 Effects of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) -- 7.2.2.7 Effect of Partial Pressure -- 7.2.3 Photo-Fermentative Hydrogen Production -- 7.2.3.1 Organisms -- 7.2.3.2 Effects of Substrate -- 7.2.3.3 Effects of Trace Metals and Minerals -- 7.2.3.4 Effect of Illumination -- 7.3 Biological Production of Hydrogen -- 7.3.1 Fermentation -- 7.3.2 Enzymes and Biocatalyst -- 7.3.2.1 Hydrogenases -- 7.3.2.2 Nitrogenase -- 7.4 Biomass Production of Hydrogen -- 7.4.1 Pyrolysis. ; 7.4.2 Biomass Gasification -- 7.5 Water-Gas Shift Reaction (WGSR) -- 7.6 Hydrogen in the Future and Economic Perspectives -- 7.7 Summary -- References -- 8: Bacterial Hydrogen Production: Prospects and Challenges -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Microbial Hydrogen Production -- 8.3 Mesophilic Bacterial Hydrogen Production -- 8.4 Thermophilic Bacterial Hydrogen Production -- 8.5 Phototrophic Bacterial Hydrogen Production -- 8.6 Structure and Functions of Nitrogenase and Hydrogenase -- 8.7 Factors Influencing Hydrogen Production -- 8.7.1 Pretreatment -- 8.7.2 Light Intensity -- 8.7.3 Temperature -- 8.7.4 pH -- 8.7.5 Carbon Sources -- 8.7.6 Nitrogen Sources -- 8.7.7 Immobilization -- 8.7.8 Metal Ions and Co-Cultures -- 8.7.9 Inhibitors -- 8.7.10 Bioreactors -- 8.8 Prospects and Challenges -- 8.9 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Bioethanol Production from Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol: A Case Study -- 9.1 Biofuels -- 9.2 Glycerol: A Byproduct of Biodiesel Industry -- 9.3 Microbial Fermentation of Glycerol to Bioethanol and Other Alcohols -- 9.4 Other Applications of Glycerol -- 9.5 Laboratory Scale Case Study -- 9.5.1 Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Cooking Oil -- 9.5.2 Isolation, Screening, and Characterization of Glycerol-Utilizing Bacteria -- 9.5.3 Screening for Ethanol Production -- 9.5.4 Glycerin Soap from Biodiesel Byproduct -- 9.6 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects -- References -- 10: Advancement on Biomass Classification, Analytical Methods for Characterization, and Its Economic Importance -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Classification of Biomass -- 10.2.1 Woody Biomass from Higher Plants -- 10.2.2 Biomass from Herbaceous Sources -- 10.2.3 Biomass from Animal and Human Waste -- 10.2.4 Aquatic Biomass -- 10.2.5 Mixed Biomass -- 10.3 Major Components of Biomass -- 10.3.1 Cellulose -- 10.3.2 Hemicellulose -- 10.3.3 Lignin -- 10.3.4 Starch. ; 10.4 Characterization Techniques -- 10.4.1 Chemical Methods -- 10.4.1.1 FTIR Analysis -- 10.4.1.2 XPS Analysis -- 10.4.1.3 Mass Spectrometry (MS) -- 10.4.2 Physical Method for Biomass Characterization -- 10.4.2.1 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) -- 10.4.2.2 TEM Analysis -- 10.4.2.3 AFM -- 10.4.2.4 XRD Analysis -- 10.4.3 Biological Characterization -- 10.4.3.1 Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing -- 10.4.3.2 Sanger Dideoxy or Chain Termination Sequencing Method -- 10.4.3.3 Automated DNA Sequencing -- 10.4.3.4 Pyrosequencing -- 10.5 Economic Importance of Microbial Biomass -- 10.5.1 Solid Waste Management -- 10.5.2 Bioenergy Production -- 10.5.3 Wastewater Treatment -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References.
• Titolo autorizzato: Bioenergy research
• ISBN: 981-16-1862-3
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910488707203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Clean Energy Production Technologies