The Diabetic Foot : Medical and Surgical Management

• Autore: Veves Aristidis
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 5th ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (589 pages)
• Disciplina: 617.5/85
• Altri autori: GiuriniJohn M SchermerhornMarc L
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Clinical Features and Diagnosis -- 1: The Epidemiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Amputation -- Background and Introduction -- Lower Extremity Amputation and Concerns About Available Data -- Lower Extremity Amputation -- Diabetic Foot Ulcer -- Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and Lower Extremity Amputation -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Clinical Examination and Risk Classification of the Diabetic Foot -- Diabetic Foot Risk Classification -- History of Foot Pathology -- Peripheral Neuropathy -- History and Symptoms -- Inspection -- Tuning Fork -- Semmes Weinstein Monofilament -- Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) Testing -- The Ipswich Touch Test -- Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) -- Limited Joint Mobility and Structural Deformity -- Diabetic Foot Ulcer Classification -- Five Essential Questions to Ask when Assessing a Diabetic Foot Wound -- Ulcer Classifications -- Pressure Ulcer Classification -- Meggitt-Wagner Ulcer Classifications -- UT Ulcer Classification -- The Grade 0 Wound -- The Grade I Wound -- The Grade II Wound -- The Grade III Wound -- WIfI Classification -- References -- 3: Diabetic Neuropathy -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Classification of Diabetic Neuropathy -- Symmetrical Neuropathies -- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) -- Differential Diagnosis of DPN -- Acute Painful Neuropathies -- Acute Painful Neuropathy of Poor Glycaemic Control -- Acute Painful Neuropathy of Rapid Glycaemic Control (Insulin Neuritis) -- Small-Fibre Neuropathy -- Asymmetrical Neuropathies -- Diabetic Amyotrophy -- Proximal Motor Neuropathy, Femoral Neuropathy -- Cranial Mononeuropathies -- Thoraco-Abdominal Neuropathy -- Truncal Radiculopathy -- Pressure Palsies -- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- Ulnar Nerve and Other Isolated Nerve Entrapments -- Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy. ; Vascular Factors -- Central Nervous System Involvement -- Autonomic Neuropathy -- Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy -- Postural Hypotension -- Changes in Peripheral Blood Flow -- Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests -- Gastrointestinal Autonomic Neuropathy -- Gastroparesis -- Autonomic Diarrhoea -- Abnormalities of Bladder Function -- Gustatory Sweating -- Management of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy -- Glycaemic Control and Lifestyle Modification -- Pharmacological Treatment -- Tricyclic Compounds -- Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) -- Anticonvulsants -- Alpha-Lipoic Acid -- Opiates -- Topical Capsaicin and Capsaicin Patch -- Intravenous Lignocaine -- Recent Guidelines for Pharmacological Treatment -- Comparator and Combination Trials -- Comparator Trials -- Combination Trials -- The OPTION-DM Trial -- Management of Disabling Painful Neuropathy Not Responding to Pharmacological Treatment -- Tailoring Treatment to Individual Requirements -- References -- 4: Clinical Features and Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical Features -- Diagnostic Criteria -- Ankle-Brachial Index -- WIfI Classification -- Noninvasive Diagnostic Testing -- Segmental Doppler Pressures with ABIs -- Toe Pressures -- Doppler Waveform Analysis -- Pulse Volume Recordings (PVRs) -- Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension (TcPO2) -- Arterial Duplex Ultrasound -- Computed Tomographic Angiography -- Invasive Diagnostic Testing -- Algorithm -- References -- 5: Imaging of Infection in the Diabetic Foot -- Introduction -- Infection in the Diabetic Foot -- Risk Factors -- Soft Tissue Abnormalities -- Osteomyelitis -- Imaging Modalities -- Radiographs -- Nuclear Medicine -- Bone Scan -- Labeled Leukocyte (White Blood Cell) Scan and Bone Marrow Scan -- Gallium Scan -- FDG PET Scan -- Newer Radiopharmaceuticals -- Computed Tomography (CT) -- Ultrasound. ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Technique -- Findings -- MRI/MR Spectroscopy of Early Structural and Metabolic Changes in the Diabe tic Foot -- Differentiating Osteomyelitis from Neuroarthropathy -- Neuroarthropathy -- Radiography -- CT -- Ultrasound -- MRI -- Radionuclide Studies -- Imaging Algorithm: Approach to the Diagnosis of Pedal Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Patient -- Soft Tissue Ulceration Exposing Bone -- Soft Tissue Inflammation (Ulcers and/or Cellulitis) with No Exposed Bone -- Equivocal MRI -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Principles of Care in the Diabetic Surgical Patient -- Rationale -- Glucose Targets in Noncritically Ill Patients -- Diabetes Management for Noncritically ill Hospitalized Patients -- Medical Nutrition Therapy -- Oral Antihyperglycemic Medications and Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1-RA) -- Insulin -- Adjusting Basal and Bolus (Nutritional) Insulin -- Computerized Provider Insulin Order Entry -- Glucose Monitoring -- Corticosteroids -- Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition -- Enteral Nutrition -- Total Parenteral Nutrition -- Insulin Pump Management in the Hospital -- In the Event of Surgery -- Critical Illness -- Perioperative Diabetes Management -- Intraoperative -- Minor Surgeries -- Major Surgeries -- Postoperative -- Hyperglycemia Management of the Critically ill Inpatient -- Target Blood Glucose Range -- Transitioning off Insulin Drip -- Hypoglycemia -- Summary -- References -- Part II: Pathophysiology -- 7: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Wound Healing in Diabetes -- Physiology of Wound Healing -- Cellular Components of Wound Healing -- Keratinocytes -- Fibroblasts -- Endothelial Cells (ECs) -- Neutrophils -- Macrophages -- Mast Cells -- Pathophysiology of Wound Healing in Diabetes Mellitus -- Keratinocytes' and Fibroblasts' Role in Impaired Wound Healing -- Altered Fibroblast Function in DFU. ; Imbalance of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Components in Chronic Wounds -- Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases -- Angiogenesis in Diabetes -- Inflammation and Infection in Diabetic Wound Healing -- Stem and Progenitor Cells in Wound Healing -- References -- 8: Regeneration of the Skin and Peripheral Nerves in the Adult -- Introduction -- Irreversible Injury in the Skin and Nerves -- Macroscopic Outcomes of Healing: Repair vs. Regeneration -- Regenerative Similarity. The Tissue Triad -- Experimental Considerations -- Importance of an Anatomically Well-Defined Defect -- Synthetic Protocol: In Vitro or In Vivo? -- Overview of Induced Organ Regeneration -- Evidence of Induced Organ Regeneration in Adults -- Clinical Experiences with Collagen-Based Scaffolds -- Skin Regeneration Devices -- Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Devices -- Limitations of Collagen-Based Scaffolds as Regenerative Devices -- The Defect Closure Rule -- Prevalence of Contraction During Spontaneous Healing -- The Antagonistic Relation Between Contraction and Regeneration -- Repair: Mechanism of Contraction -- The Contractile Fibroblast Is the Main Cell Type Associated with Contraction -- Mechanism of Scaffold Regenerative Activity -- Structural Determinants of Scaffold Regenerative Activity -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- 9: Neuropeptides, Inflammation, and Diabetic Wound Healing: Lessons from Experimental Models and Human Subjects -- Neuropeptides and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Substance P and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Neuropeptide Y and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Neurotensin and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Inflammation and Diabetic Wound Healing -- Mast Cells and Diabetic Wound Healing. ; In Vivo Models of Diabetic Wound Healing: Focus on Neuropeptides and Mast Cells -- References -- 10: Pathophysiology of Microvascular Disease in Diabetes -- Introduction -- Anatomy of Vascular System -- Circulatory System -- Skin Microcirculation -- Skin Innervation -- Nerve-Axon Reflex -- Effects of Diabetes on Vascular Physiology -- Hyperglycemia and Vascular Dysfunction -- Insulin Resistance and Vascular Dysfunction -- Fatty Acids and Vascular Dysfunction -- Platelet Dysfunction -- Vascular Anatomical Changes in Diabetes -- Structural Changes -- Functional Changes in the Microcirculation -- Effects of Revascularization on Skin Microcirculation -- Vascular Assessment in Vascular Patients -- Ankle-Brachial Index -- Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension -- Hyperspectral Imaging -- Laser Doppler -- Complications from Vascular Dysfunction -- Diabetic Foot Ulcers -- Diabetic Neuropathy -- Conclusion -- References -- 11: High Content Single Cell and Spatial Tissue Profiling Modalities for Deciphering the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Wound Healing -- Introduction -- Single-Cell RNA Sequencing -- Spatial Tissue Profiling and Spatial Transcriptomics -- Preclinical Animal and Human Models in Wound Healing Bulk RNA Studies -- Preclinical Animal and Human Models in Wound Healing Single-Cell RNA-Seq Studies -- Spatial Transcriptomics in Wound Healing -- scRNA-Seq and Spatial Omics Analysis: Description of the Research Pipelines Adopted in Wound Healing Studies -- Analysis of scRNA-Seq Experiments -- From Raw Data to High-Quality Cellular Profiles: Pre-processing and Sample Integration -- From Clusters to Cell Identities: Cell-Type Annotation at Single-Cell Resolution -- Functional Downstream Analysis: Revealing Mechanisms -- Analysis of Spatial Transcriptomics -- Preprocessing -- Downstream Analysis -- Conclusion and Future Directions -- References. ; 12: Structural and Functional Changes in Skin of the Diabetic Foot.
• Titolo autorizzato: The Diabetic Foot
• ISBN: 3-031-55715-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910865279803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Contemporary Diabetes Series