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How to display data [[electronic resource] /] / Jenny V. Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell
| How to display data [[electronic resource] /] / Jenny V. Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell |
| Autore | Freeman Jenny V (Jenny Vanessa) |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Malden, Mass, : BMJ Books, 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (117 p.) |
| Disciplina | 610.72/7 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
WaltersStephen John
CampbellMichael J., PhD. |
| Soggetto topico |
Medical writing
Medical statistics Medicine - Research - Statistical methods |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-4443-5970-3
1-282-11808-0 9786612118081 1-4443-1255-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Introduction to data display -- How to display data badly -- Displaying univariate categorical data -- Displaying quantitative data -- Displaying the relationship between two continuous variables -- Data in tables -- Reporting study results -- Time series plots and survival curves -- Displaying results in presentations. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910454996903321 |
Freeman Jenny V (Jenny Vanessa)
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| Malden, Mass, : BMJ Books, 2008 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
How to display data [[electronic resource] /] / Jenny V. Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell
| How to display data [[electronic resource] /] / Jenny V. Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell |
| Autore | Freeman Jenny V (Jenny Vanessa) |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Malden, Mass, : BMJ Books, 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (117 p.) |
| Disciplina | 610.72/7 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
WaltersStephen John
CampbellMichael J., PhD. |
| Soggetto topico |
Medical writing
Medical statistics Medicine - Research - Statistical methods |
| ISBN |
1-4443-5970-3
1-282-11808-0 9786612118081 1-4443-1255-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Introduction to data display -- How to display data badly -- Displaying univariate categorical data -- Displaying quantitative data -- Displaying the relationship between two continuous variables -- Data in tables -- Reporting study results -- Time series plots and survival curves -- Displaying results in presentations. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910777965303321 |
|
Freeman Jenny V (Jenny Vanessa)
|
||
| Malden, Mass, : BMJ Books, 2008 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
How to display data / / Jenny V. Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell
| How to display data / / Jenny V. Freeman, Stephen J. Walters, Michael J. Campbell |
| Autore | Freeman Jenny V (Jenny Vanessa) |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Malden, Mass, : BMJ Books, 2008 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (117 p.) |
| Disciplina | 610.72/7 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
WaltersStephen John
CampbellMichael J., PhD. |
| Soggetto topico |
Medical writing
Medical statistics Medicine - Research - Statistical methods |
| ISBN |
1-4443-5970-3
1-282-11808-0 9786612118081 1-4443-1255-3 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto | Introduction to data display -- How to display data badly -- Displaying univariate categorical data -- Displaying quantitative data -- Displaying the relationship between two continuous variables -- Data in tables -- Reporting study results -- Time series plots and survival curves -- Displaying results in presentations. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910811960603321 |
|
Freeman Jenny V (Jenny Vanessa)
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||
| Malden, Mass, : BMJ Books, 2008 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Randomized clinical trials : design, practice, and reporting / / David Machin, Michael J. Campbell
| Randomized clinical trials : design, practice, and reporting / / David Machin, Michael J. Campbell |
| Autore | Machin David <1939-> |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Chichester, West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley & Sons, 2010 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (375 p.) |
| Disciplina | 610.72/4 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | CampbellMichael J., PhD. |
| Soggetto topico |
Clinical trials
Clinical trials - Statistical methods |
| ISBN |
1-282-68961-4
9786612689611 0-470-68623-5 0-471-49779-7 0-470-31922-4 |
| Classificazione | XF 3400 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Randomized Clinical Trials; Contents; Preface; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Some completed trials; 1.3 Choice of design; 1.4 Practical constraints; 1.5 Influencing clinical practice; 1.6 History; 1.7 How trials arise; 1.8 Ethical considerations; 1.9 Regulatory requirements; 1.10 Focus; 1.11 Further reading; 2 Design Features; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The research question; 2.3 Patient selection; 2.4 The consent process; 2.5 Choice of interventions; 2.6 Choice of design; 2.7 Assigning the interventions; 2.8 Making the assessments; 2.9 Analysis and reporting; 2.10 Technical details
2.11 Guidelines2.12 Further reading; 3 The Trial Protocol; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Protocol - abstract; 3.3 Protocol - background; 3.4 Protocol - research objectives; 3.5 Protocol - design; 3.6 Protocol - intervention details; 3.7 Protocol - eligibility; 3.8 Protocol - randomization; 3.9 Protocol - assessment and data collection; 3.10 Protocol - statistical considerations; 3.11 Protocol - ethical issues; 3.12 Protocol - organizational structure; 3.13 Protocol - publication policy; 3.14 Protocol - trial forms; 3.15 Protocol - appendices; 3.16 Regulatory requirements; 3.17 Guidelines 3.18 Protocols4 Measurement and Data Capture; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Measures and endpoints; 4.3 Making the observations; 4.4 Baseline measures; 4.5 Types of measures; 4.6 Data recording; 4.7 Technical notes; 4.8 Guidelines; 5 Randomization; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Rationale; 5.3 Mechanics; 5.4 Application; 5.5 Carrying out randomization; 5.6 Documentation; 5.7 Unacceptable methods; 5.8 Software; 5.9 Guidelines; 6 Trial Initiation; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Trial organization; 6.3 Data collection and processing; 6.4 Data monitoring; 6.5 Ethical and regulatory requirements; 6.6 Launching the trial 6.7 Trial registries6.8 Guidelines; 7 Trial Conduct; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Regular feedback; 7.3 Publicity; 7.4 Data monitoring committees; 7.5 Protocol modifications; 7.6 Preparing the publication(s); 7.7 The next trial?; 7.8 Protocols; 8 Basics of Analysis; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Confidence intervals; 8.3 Statistical tests; 8.4 Examples of analysis; 8.5 Other issues; 8.6 Practice; 8.7 Technical details; 9 Trial Size; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Significance level and power; 9.3 The fundamental equation; 9.4 Specific situations; 9.5 Practical considerations; 9.6 Further topics 9.7 Other methods and software9.8 Guideline; 10 Reporting; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Publication guidelines; 10.3 Responsibilities; 10.4 Background; 10.5 Methods; 10.6 Findings; 10.7 When things go wrong; 10.8 Conclusions; 10.9 Guidelines; 11 Adaptations of the Basic Design; 11.1 Introduction; 11.2 Repeated measures; 11.3 Cluster-randomized trials; 11.4 Non-inferiority trials; 11.5 Guidelines; 12 Paired Designs; 12.1 Cross-over trials; 12.2 Split-mouth designs; 12.3 Paired organs; 13 More Than Two Interventions; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 Unstructured comparisons 13.3 Comparisons with placebo (or standard) |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910139209603321 |
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Machin David <1939->
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| Chichester, West Sussex ; ; Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley & Sons, 2010 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
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Statistics at square one [[electronic resource] /] / T.D.V. Swinscow and M.J. Campbell
| Statistics at square one [[electronic resource] /] / T.D.V. Swinscow and M.J. Campbell |
| Autore | Swinscow T. D. V (Thomas Douglas Victor) |
| Edizione | [10th ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, : BMJ, 2002 |
| Descrizione fisica | viii, 158 p. : ill |
| Altri autori (Persone) | CampbellMichael J., PhD. |
| Soggetto topico | Medical statistics |
| ISBN |
1-280-19790-0
9786610197903 0-585-41499-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Data display and summary -- Types of data -- Stem and leaf plots -- Median -- Measures of variation -- Data display -- Histograms -- Bar charts -- Common questions -- What is the distinction between a histogram and a bar chart? -- How many groups should I have for a histogram? -- Displaying data in papers -- Exercises -- Exercise 1.1 -- Reference -- 2 Summary statistics for quantitative and binary data -- Mean and standard deviation -- Standard deviation from ungrouped data -- Calculator procedure -- Standard deviation from grouped data -- Data transformation -- Between subjects and within subjects standard deviation -- Summarising relationships between binary variables -- Choice of summary statistics for binary data -- Common questions -- When should I quote the mean and when should I quote the median to describe my data? -- When should I use a standard deviation to summarise variability? -- When should I quote an odds ratio and when should I quote a relative risk? -- Reading and displaying summary statistics -- Exercises -- Exercise 2.1 -- Exercise 2.2 -- Exercise 2.3 -- References -- 3 Populations and samples -- Populations -- Samples -- Unbiasedness and precision -- Randomisation -- Variation between samples -- Standard error of the mean -- Standard error of a proportion or a percentage -- Problems with non-random samples -- Common questions -- What is an acceptable response rate from a survey? -- Given measurements on a sample, what is the difference between a standard deviation and a standard error? -- When should I use a standard deviation to describe data and when should I use a standard error? -- Reading and reporting populations and samples -- Exercises -- Exercise 3.1 -- Exercise 3.2 -- Exercise 3.3 -- References -- 4 Statements of probability and confidence intervals -- Reference ranges.
Confidence intervals -- Common questions -- What is the difference between a reference range and a confidence interval? -- Reading and reporting confidence intervals -- Exercises -- Exercise 4.1 -- Exercise 4.2 -- Reference -- 5 Differences between means: type I and type II errors and power -- Large-sample standard error of difference between means -- Large-sample confidence interval for the difference in two means -- Null hypothesis and type I error -- Testing for differences of two means -- Alternative hypothesis and type II error -- Common questions -- Why is the P value not the probability that the null hypothesis is true? -- What is the difference between a one sided and a two sided test? -- Reading and reporting P values -- Exercises -- Exercise 5·1 -- Exercise 5.2 -- Reference -- 6 Confidence intervals for summary statistics of binary data -- Standard error of difference between percentages or proportions -- Confidence interval for a difference in proportions or percentages -- Significance test for a difference in two proportions -- Confidence interval for an odds ratio -- Standard error of a total -- Paired alternatives -- Common questions -- Why is the standard error used for calculating a confidence interval for the difference in two proportions different from the standard error used for calculating the significance? -- Exercises -- Exercise 6.1 -- Exercise 6.2 -- Exercise 6.3 -- Exercise 6.4 -- Reference -- 7 The t tests -- Confidence interval for the mean from a small sample -- Difference of sample mean from population mean (one sample t test) -- Difference between means of two samples -- Unequal standard deviations -- Difference between means of paired samples (paired t test) -- Further methods -- Common questions -- Should I test my data for Normality before using the t test?. Should I test for equality of the standard deviations before using the usual t test? -- Why should I use a paired test if my data are paired? What happens if I don't? -- Reading and reporting t tests -- Exercises -- Exercise 7.1 -- Exercise 7.2 -- Exercise 7.3 -- Exercise 7.4 -- References -- 8 The .2 tests -- Quick method -- Fourfold tables -- Small numbers -- Comparing proportions -- Splitting of .2 -- .2 test for trend -- Comparison of an observed and a theoretical distribution -- McNemar's test -- Extensions of the .2 test -- Common questions -- I have matched data, but the matching criteria were very weak. Should I use McNemar's test? -- Reading and reporting chi squared tests -- Exercises -- Exercise 8.1 -- Exercise 8.2 -- Exercise 8.3 -- Exercise 8.4 -- Exercise 8.5 -- Exercise 8.6 -- Exercise 8.7 -- References -- 9 Exact probability test -- Common questions -- Why is Fisher's test called an exact test? -- Reading and reporting Fisher's Exact Test -- Exercise -- Exercise 9.1 -- References -- 10 Rank score tests -- Paired samples -- Unpaired samples -- Common questions -- Nonparametric tests are valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally distributed data, so why not use them all the time? -- Do nonparametric tests compare medians? -- How is the Mann-Whitney U test related to the t test? -- Reading and reporting rank score tests -- Exercises -- Exercise 10.1 -- Exercise 10.2 -- References -- 11 Correlation and regression -- Correlation coefficient -- Looking at data: scatter diagrams -- Calculation of the correlation coefficient -- Significance test -- Spearman rank correlation -- The regression equation -- More advanced methods -- Common questions -- If two variables are correlated are they causally related? -- How do I test the assumptions underlying linear regression?. When should I use correlation and when should I use regression? -- Reading and reporting correlation and regression -- Exercises -- Exercise 11.1 -- Exercise 11.2 -- Exercise 11.3 -- Exercise 11.4 -- References -- 12 Survival analysis -- Kaplan-Meier survival curve -- Method -- Example of calculation of survival curve -- Log rank test -- Further methods -- Common questions -- Do I need to test for a constant relative risk before doing the log rank test? -- If I don't have any censored observations, do I need to use survival analysis? -- Reading and reporting survival analysis -- Exercises -- Exercise 12.1 -- Exercise 12.2 -- References -- 13 Study design and choosing a statistical test -- Design -- Sample size -- Choice of test -- Reading and reporting on the design of a study -- Exercises -- Exercise 13.1 -- Exercise 13.2 -- Exercise 13.3 -- Exercise 13.4 -- Exercise 13.5 -- References -- Answers to exercises -- Appendix -- Index. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910142526203321 |
|
Swinscow T. D. V (Thomas Douglas Victor)
|
||
| London, : BMJ, 2002 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Statistics at square one [[electronic resource] /] / T.D.V. Swinscow and M.J. Campbell
| Statistics at square one [[electronic resource] /] / T.D.V. Swinscow and M.J. Campbell |
| Autore | Swinscow T. D. V (Thomas Douglas Victor) |
| Edizione | [10th ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, : BMJ, 2002 |
| Descrizione fisica | viii, 158 p. : ill |
| Altri autori (Persone) | CampbellMichael J., PhD. |
| Soggetto topico | Medical statistics |
| ISBN |
1-280-19790-0
9786610197903 0-585-41499-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Data display and summary -- Types of data -- Stem and leaf plots -- Median -- Measures of variation -- Data display -- Histograms -- Bar charts -- Common questions -- What is the distinction between a histogram and a bar chart? -- How many groups should I have for a histogram? -- Displaying data in papers -- Exercises -- Exercise 1.1 -- Reference -- 2 Summary statistics for quantitative and binary data -- Mean and standard deviation -- Standard deviation from ungrouped data -- Calculator procedure -- Standard deviation from grouped data -- Data transformation -- Between subjects and within subjects standard deviation -- Summarising relationships between binary variables -- Choice of summary statistics for binary data -- Common questions -- When should I quote the mean and when should I quote the median to describe my data? -- When should I use a standard deviation to summarise variability? -- When should I quote an odds ratio and when should I quote a relative risk? -- Reading and displaying summary statistics -- Exercises -- Exercise 2.1 -- Exercise 2.2 -- Exercise 2.3 -- References -- 3 Populations and samples -- Populations -- Samples -- Unbiasedness and precision -- Randomisation -- Variation between samples -- Standard error of the mean -- Standard error of a proportion or a percentage -- Problems with non-random samples -- Common questions -- What is an acceptable response rate from a survey? -- Given measurements on a sample, what is the difference between a standard deviation and a standard error? -- When should I use a standard deviation to describe data and when should I use a standard error? -- Reading and reporting populations and samples -- Exercises -- Exercise 3.1 -- Exercise 3.2 -- Exercise 3.3 -- References -- 4 Statements of probability and confidence intervals -- Reference ranges.
Confidence intervals -- Common questions -- What is the difference between a reference range and a confidence interval? -- Reading and reporting confidence intervals -- Exercises -- Exercise 4.1 -- Exercise 4.2 -- Reference -- 5 Differences between means: type I and type II errors and power -- Large-sample standard error of difference between means -- Large-sample confidence interval for the difference in two means -- Null hypothesis and type I error -- Testing for differences of two means -- Alternative hypothesis and type II error -- Common questions -- Why is the P value not the probability that the null hypothesis is true? -- What is the difference between a one sided and a two sided test? -- Reading and reporting P values -- Exercises -- Exercise 5·1 -- Exercise 5.2 -- Reference -- 6 Confidence intervals for summary statistics of binary data -- Standard error of difference between percentages or proportions -- Confidence interval for a difference in proportions or percentages -- Significance test for a difference in two proportions -- Confidence interval for an odds ratio -- Standard error of a total -- Paired alternatives -- Common questions -- Why is the standard error used for calculating a confidence interval for the difference in two proportions different from the standard error used for calculating the significance? -- Exercises -- Exercise 6.1 -- Exercise 6.2 -- Exercise 6.3 -- Exercise 6.4 -- Reference -- 7 The t tests -- Confidence interval for the mean from a small sample -- Difference of sample mean from population mean (one sample t test) -- Difference between means of two samples -- Unequal standard deviations -- Difference between means of paired samples (paired t test) -- Further methods -- Common questions -- Should I test my data for Normality before using the t test?. Should I test for equality of the standard deviations before using the usual t test? -- Why should I use a paired test if my data are paired? What happens if I don't? -- Reading and reporting t tests -- Exercises -- Exercise 7.1 -- Exercise 7.2 -- Exercise 7.3 -- Exercise 7.4 -- References -- 8 The .2 tests -- Quick method -- Fourfold tables -- Small numbers -- Comparing proportions -- Splitting of .2 -- .2 test for trend -- Comparison of an observed and a theoretical distribution -- McNemar's test -- Extensions of the .2 test -- Common questions -- I have matched data, but the matching criteria were very weak. Should I use McNemar's test? -- Reading and reporting chi squared tests -- Exercises -- Exercise 8.1 -- Exercise 8.2 -- Exercise 8.3 -- Exercise 8.4 -- Exercise 8.5 -- Exercise 8.6 -- Exercise 8.7 -- References -- 9 Exact probability test -- Common questions -- Why is Fisher's test called an exact test? -- Reading and reporting Fisher's Exact Test -- Exercise -- Exercise 9.1 -- References -- 10 Rank score tests -- Paired samples -- Unpaired samples -- Common questions -- Nonparametric tests are valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally distributed data, so why not use them all the time? -- Do nonparametric tests compare medians? -- How is the Mann-Whitney U test related to the t test? -- Reading and reporting rank score tests -- Exercises -- Exercise 10.1 -- Exercise 10.2 -- References -- 11 Correlation and regression -- Correlation coefficient -- Looking at data: scatter diagrams -- Calculation of the correlation coefficient -- Significance test -- Spearman rank correlation -- The regression equation -- More advanced methods -- Common questions -- If two variables are correlated are they causally related? -- How do I test the assumptions underlying linear regression?. When should I use correlation and when should I use regression? -- Reading and reporting correlation and regression -- Exercises -- Exercise 11.1 -- Exercise 11.2 -- Exercise 11.3 -- Exercise 11.4 -- References -- 12 Survival analysis -- Kaplan-Meier survival curve -- Method -- Example of calculation of survival curve -- Log rank test -- Further methods -- Common questions -- Do I need to test for a constant relative risk before doing the log rank test? -- If I don't have any censored observations, do I need to use survival analysis? -- Reading and reporting survival analysis -- Exercises -- Exercise 12.1 -- Exercise 12.2 -- References -- 13 Study design and choosing a statistical test -- Design -- Sample size -- Choice of test -- Reading and reporting on the design of a study -- Exercises -- Exercise 13.1 -- Exercise 13.2 -- Exercise 13.3 -- Exercise 13.4 -- Exercise 13.5 -- References -- Answers to exercises -- Appendix -- Index. |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996320694203316 |
|
Swinscow T. D. V (Thomas Douglas Victor)
|
||
| London, : BMJ, 2002 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||