Autore	Di Trocchio, Federico
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Milano : A. Mondadori, 2008
Descrizione fisica	xvi, 317 p. ; 20 cm
Disciplina	501
Collana	Azimut
Soggetto topico	Science - Philosophy
ISBN	9788888242927
Classificazione	LC Q175.3 1:5
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	ita
Record Nr.	UNISALENTO-991000215809707536

Autore	Vinci Thomas C. <1949->
Pubbl/distr/stampa	New York, : Oxford University Press, 1998
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (289 p.)
Disciplina	194
Soggetto topico	Metaphysics Science - Philosophy
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-45381-8 9786610453818 0-19-802730-3 0-585-26332-9
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	""Contents""; ""Primary Works Used or Cited""; ""Introduction""; ""One: Self-Knowledge and the Rule of Truth""; ""1.1. Introduction""; ""1.2. Propositional Awareness and Nonpropositional Awareness""; ""1.3. Intuitive Knowledge and Certain Knowledge""; ""1.4. The Method of Clear and Distinct Ideas""; ""1.5. The First Phase of Descartes's Account of Self-Knowledge: Meditation II""; ""1.6. The Intuitive Phase of Descartes's Account of Self-Knowledge""; ""1.7. The Rule of Truth and the Intuitive Cogito""; ""1.8. Identifying Intuitional Awareness"" ""1.9. Foundationalism and Privileged Access Revisited""""Appendix A: Defending Descartes against the Charge of Circularity""; ""Two: Truth, Existence, and Ideas""; ""2.1. Introduction""; ""2.2. Descartes's Concepts of Truth and Existence""; ""2.3. Descartes's General Theory of Existential Reasoning""; ""2.4. The Objective Reality of Ideas: The Basic Picture""; ""2.5. The Ontological Status of Immutable Essences""; ""2.6. Descartes's Notion of Eminent Containment: An Epistemic Interpretation""; ""2.7. The Third Element of Objective Reality: The Form or Content of Perceptions of Objects"" ""2.8. Ideas as Images: Presentation versus Representation""""Three: Causes, Existence, and Ideas""; ""3.1. Introduction""; ""3.2. Descartes's Causal Principles and the Rule of Truth""; ""3.3. The Fundamentality Thesis and the Main Causal Argument for the Existence of God in Meditation III""; ""3.4. The Relation between the Causal Argument and the Ontological Argument""; ""3.5. The Causal Principle and the Proof of the External World in Meditation VI""; ""3.6. The Proof of the External World in Principles II, 1""; ""3.7. Descartes's Ambivalence toward the Senses"" ""Appendix A: Alternative Accounts of Descartes's Notion of Eminent Containment""""Appendix B: Inadequacy versus Misperception in our Idea of God""; ""Four: The Sense Experience of Primary Qualities""; ""4.1. Some Background""; ""4.2. The Account of Sense Experience of Primary Qualities in Mature Cartesian Philosophy""; ""4.3. Descartes's Empirical Theory of the Sense Experience of Primary Qualities""; ""4.4. Referred Sensations""; ""4.5. Imaginal Images""; ""Five: The Perceptual Representation of Ordinary Objects"" ""5.1. Descartes's Theory of Natural Signs: The Constitutive versus the Minimalist Interpretation""""5.2. Referral Judgments: What are They?""; ""5.3. Referral Judgments: Why Do We Make Them?""; ""Six: The Theory of Natural Knowledge""; ""6.1. Introduction""; ""6.2. The Account of Cognitive Impulse in the Rules for the Direction of the Mind""; ""6.3. The Mature Theory of Natural Reasons""; ""6.4. Natural Inclinations and the Proofs of the External World in Meditation VI and Principles II, 1""; ""6.5. Dispositions to Affirm Particular Properties of Corporeal Things"" ""Appendix A: The Cartesian Circle and the Theory of Natural Knowledge""
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910455757003321

Pubbl/distr/stampa	Cambridge, Massachusetts : , : The MIT Press, , [2011]
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (367 p.)
Disciplina	113
Collana	Topics in 8contemporary philosophy
Soggetto topico	Naturalism Science - Philosophy Philosophy of nature Metaphysics
Soggetto non controllato	PHILOSOPHY/Philosophy of Science & Technology SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY/History of Science
ISBN	1-283-32175-0 9786613321756 0-262-29878-3
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1. Introduction : Lessons from the Scientific Butchery; 1 Carving Nature at Its Joints; 2 Natural Kinds and Inductive Inference; 3 The Question of Essentialism; 4 Applications; 5 The Essays; Acknowledgments; Notes; References; Chapter 2. Induction, Samples, and Kinds; 1 Introduction; 2 Goodman's Problem and Naturalness Constraints; 3 A Second Form of Inference; 4 A Nominalist Challenge; 5 A Discussion of Cases; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; Notes; References; Chapter 3. It Takes More Than All Kinds to Make a World; 1 Introduction 2 Distinguishing the Laws by Their Stability3 Natural Necessity; 4 The Laws Form a System; 5 How Some Laws Can Transcend Others; 6 Natural Properties; Notes; References; Chapter 4. Lange and Laws, Kinds, and Counterfactuals; 1 Lange on Laws; 2 Lange on Kinds; 3 Conclusion; Notes; Chapter 5. Are Fundamental Laws Necessary or Contingent?; I; II; III; Acknowledgments; Notes; References; Chapter 6. Para-Natural Kinds; Extending Plato's Metaphor; Contrast with Artifacts; Nomic Legacies; Natural Kind or Para-Natural Kind?; Kripke Tests; Putnam Tests; Back-up Strategy Second Order Para-Natural KindsHistorical Controversy; Some Parting Imagery; Summary of Three Theses; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 7. Boundaries, Conventions, and Realism; 1 Natural vs. Artificial Boundaries; 2 Boundaries and Things; 3 From Boundaries to Things; 4 Conventionalism and Realism; Acknowledgments; Notes; References; Chapter 8. Natural Kinds and Biological Realisms; 1 Introduction; 2 Species Concepts; 3 Species Pluralism; 4 Realism in General; 5 Ereshefsky versus Kitcher; 6 The Higher Categories; 7 Conclusions; Notes; References Chapter 9. Three Ways of Resisting Essentialism about Natural Kinds1 Essentialism about Natural Kinds; 2 Questioning the First Tenet: All and Only the Members of a Kind Have a Common Essence; 3 Questioning the First Tenet of Kind-Essentialism in the Biological Domain; 4 Questioning the Second Tenet: Causal Responsibility; 5 Questioning the Third Tenet: Explanatory Relevance; 6 Questioning the Third Tenet of Kind-Essentialism in the Biological Domain; Acknowledgments; Notes; References; Chapter 10. Arthritis and Nature's Joints; 1 Disease Kinds and Essences 2 Why Treat Disease Kinds as Natural Kinds?3 Two Approaches to Natural Kinds; 4 What Is a Disease?; 5 Natural Disease Kinds; 6 Conclusion; Notes; References; Chapter 11. Predicting Populations by Modeling Individuals; 1 Introduction; 2 The Scientists' Problem, and Two Strategies for Solving It; 3 Why One-Off Models of Evolving Biological Populations Make Sense; 4 An Illustrative Case; 5 Mistakes Compounded; 6 Final Considerations; Notes; References; Chapter 12. Similarity and Species Concepts; 1 Introduction; 2 Similarity or Sameness as the Basis of Concepts and Kinds 3 Realist Species Conceptions
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910457768003321

Autore	Illari Phyllis
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Oxford, [England] : , : Oxford University Press, , 2014
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (325 p.)
Disciplina	501
Soggetto topico	Science - Philosophy Causation
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	0-19-163967-2
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Cover; Contents; Part I Prelude to Causality; 1 Problems of Causality in the Sciences; 1.1 Why this book on causality?; 1.2 Five scientific problems; 1.3 The contents of this book; 2 A Scientific Toolbox for Philosophy; 2.1 Methods for finding causes; 2.2 Observational methods; 2.3 Experimental methods; 2.4 Between observation and experiment; 2.5 Beyond observation and experiment; 2.6 How to make a study work; 3 A Philosophical Toolbox for Science; 3.1 Arguments; 3.2 Methods; 3.3 Levels of abstraction; Part II Causality: Accounts, Concepts and Methods 4 Necessary and Sufficient Components4.1 Examples: electrical short-circuit and AIDS; 4.2 Component causes; 4.3 INUS causes and related concepts; 4.4 Rothman''s pie charts; 5 Levels of Causation; 5.1 Examples: personalized medicine and migration behaviours; 5.2 Three parallel literatures; 5.3 Bridging the levels-and the terminology!; 6 Causality and Evidence; 6.1 Examples: effects of radiation and smoking causing heart disease; 6.2 What do we want to know?; 6.3 Evidence for causal relations; 6.4 Evidence-based approaches; 7 Causal Methods: Probing the Data 7.1 Examples: apoptosis and self-rated health7.2 The need for causal methods; 7.3 The most widespread causal methods; 7.4 Key notions in causal methods; 8 Difference-making: Probabilistic Causality; 8.1 Example: smoking and lung cancer; 8.2 Is causality probability-altering?; 8.3 Beyond probabilistic causes; 9 Difference-making: Counterfactuals; 9.1 Example: mesothelioma and safety at work; 9.2 The unbearable imprecision of counterfactual reasoning; 9.3 Philosophical views of counterfactuals; 9.4 Counterfactuals in other fields; 10 Difference -making: Manipulation and Invariance 10.1 Example: gene knock-out experiments10.2 The manipulationists: wiggle the cause, and the effect wiggles too; 10.3 What causes can''t we wiggle?; 11 Production Accounts: Processes; 11.1 Examples: billiard balls colliding and aeroplanes crossing; 11.2 Tracing processes; 11.3 How widely does the approach apply?; 12 Production Accounts: Mechanisms; 12.1 Example: how can smoking cause heart disease?; 12.2 What is a mechanism? The major mechanists; 12.3 Important features of mechanisms and mechanistic explanation; 12.4 What is not a mechanism?; 13 Production Accounts: Information 13.1 Examples: tracing transmission of waves and of disease13.2 The path to informational accounts; 13.3 Integrating the informational and mechanistic approaches; 13.4 Future prospects for an informational account of causality; 14 Capacities , Powers, Dispositions; 14.1 Examples: systems in physics and biology; 14.2 The core idea of capacities, powers and dispositions; 14.3 Capacities in science: explanation and evidence; 15 Regularity ; 15.1 Examples: natural and social regularities; 15.2 Causality as regular patterns; 15.3 Updating regularity for current science; 16 Variation 16.1 Example: mother''s education and child survival
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910460325103321