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Human drug metabolism / / Michael D. Coleman
Human drug metabolism / / Michael D. Coleman
Autore Coleman Michael D.
Edizione [3rd ed]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley Blackwell, 2020
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (683 pages)
Disciplina 615.1
Soggetto topico Drugs -- Metabolism
Drugs -- Metabolic detoxication
ISBN 1-119-45861-7
1-119-65801-2
1-119-45860-9
Classificazione 491.5
615.1
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione und
Nota di contenuto Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Therapeutic window -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.2 Therapeutic index -- 1.1.3 Changes in dosage -- 1.1.4 Changes in rate of removal -- 1.2 Consequences of drug concentration changesh -- 1.2.1 Drug failure -- 1.2.2 Drug toxicity -- 1.3 Clearance -- 1.3.1 Definitions -- 1.3.2 Clearance and elimination -- 1.3.3 Biotransformation prior to elimination -- 1.3.4 Intrinsic clearance -- 1.3.5 Clearance: influencing factors -- 1.4 First pass and drug extraction -- 1.4.1 First pass: gut contribution -- 1.4.2 First pass: hepatic contribution -- 1.4.3 First pass: low‐extraction drugs -- 1.5 First pass and plasma drug levels -- 1.5.1 Introduction -- 1.5.2 Changes in clearance and plasma levels -- 1.6 Drug and xenobiotic metabolism -- References -- 2 Drug Biotransformational Systems - Origins and Aims -- 2.1 Biotransforming enzymes -- 2.2 Threat of lipophilic hydrocarbons -- 2.3 Cell communication -- 2.3.1 Signal molecule evolution -- 2.3.2 Lipophilic hydrocarbons as signal molecules -- 2.4 False signal molecules: bioprotection -- 2.4.1 Endocrine disruption -- 2.4.2 Endocrine disruption: problems and solutions -- 2.4.3 Endocrine disruption: cosmetic and nutraceutical aspects -- 2.4.4 Endocrine disruption: microRNAs -- 2.5 Sites of biotransforming enzymes -- 2.6 Biotransformation and xenobiotic cell entry -- 2.6.1 Role of the liver -- 2.6.2 Drug and xenobiotic uptake: transporter systems -- 2.6.3 Hepatic and gut uptake (influx) transporter systems -- 2.6.4 Aims of biotransformation -- 2.6.5 Task of biotransformation -- 2.6.6 Phase's I-III of biotransformation: descriptions and classifications -- 2.6.7 Biotransformation and drug action -- References -- 3 How Oxidative Systems Metabolise Substrates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Capture of lipophilic molecules -- 3.3 Cytochrome P450s: nomenclature and methods of study -- 3.3.1 Classification -- 3.3.2 Methods of analysis -- 3.3.3 CYP key features and capabilities -- 3.4 CYPs: main and associated structures -- 3.4.1 General structure -- 3.4.2 Haem moiety -- 3.4.3 CYP flexible regions -- 3.4.4 Substrate binding in CYPs -- 3.4.5 Homotropic binding in CYPs -- 3.4.6 Heterotropic binding in CYPs -- 3.4.7 CYP complex formation -- 3.4.8 CYP REDOX partners (i): P450 oxidoreductase (POR) -- 3.4.9 CYP REDOX partners (ii): Cytochrome b5 -- 3.5 Human CYP families and their regulation -- 3.5.1 CYP regulation: lifespan -- 3.5.2 CYP regulation: transcriptional -- 3.5.3 CYP regulation: post‐translational -- 3.6 Main human CYP families -- 3.6.1 CYP1A series -- 3.6.2 CYP2 series -- 3.6.3 CYP3A series -- 3.7 Cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle -- 3.7.1 Substrate binding -- 3.7.2 Oxygen binding -- 3.7.3 Oxygen scission (splitting) -- 3.7.4 Insertion of oxygen into substrate -- 3.7.5 Release of product -- 3.7.6 Reductions -- 3.8 Flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.2 Structure -- 3.8.3 Mechanism of catalysis -- 3.8.4 Variation and expression -- 3.8.5 FMOs in drug development -- 3.9 How CYP isoforms operate in vivo -- 3.9.1 Illustrative use of structures -- 3.9.2 Primary purposes of CYPs -- 3.9.3 Role of oxidation -- 3.9.4 Summary of CYP operations -- 3.10 Aromatic ring hydroxylation -- 3.10.1 Nature of aromatics -- 3.10.2 Oxidation of benzene -- 3.11 Alkyl oxidations -- 3.11.1 Saturated alkyl groups -- 3.11.2 Unsaturated alkyl groups -- 3.11.3 Pathways of alkyl metabolism -- 3.12 Rearrangement reactions -- 3.12.1 Dealkylations -- 3.12.2 Deaminations -- 3.12.3 Dehalogenations -- 3.13 Other oxidation processes -- 3.13.1 Primary amine oxidations -- 3.13.2 Oxidation of alcohol and aldehydes -- 3.13.3 Monoamine oxidase (MAO) -- 3.14 Control of CYP metabolic function -- References -- 4 Induction of Cytochrome P450 Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 How living systems self‐regulate: overview -- 4.1.2 Self‐regulation in drug metabolism -- 4.1.3 Self‐regulatory responses to drugs: summary -- 4.2 Causes of accelerated clearance -- 4.3 Enzyme induction -- 4.3.1 Types of inducers -- 4.3.2 Common features of inducers and clinical significance -- 4.4 Mechanisms of enzyme induction -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 CYPs 1A1/1A2 and 1B1 induction -- 4.4.3 CYP 2B6 2C8/2C9/C19 and 3A4 induction -- 4.4.4 CYP 2E1 induction -- 4.4.5 CYP2D6 -- 4.4.6 Reversal of induction -- 4.4.7 Cell transport systems and induction: P‐glycoprotein -- 4.4.8 Induction processes: summary -- 4.5 Induction: general clinical aspects -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Anti‐epileptic agents -- 4.5.3 OTC (over the counter) and online herbal preparations -- 4.5.4 Anticoagulant drugs -- 4.5.5 Oral contraceptives/steroids -- 4.5.6 Antiviral/antibiotic drugs -- 4.5.7 Anticancer drugs -- 4.6 Induction: practical considerations -- 4.7 Induction vs. inhibition: which 'wins'? -- 4.8 Induction: long‐term impact -- References -- 5 Cytochrome P450 Inhibition -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Inhibition of metabolism: general aspects -- 5.3 Mechanisms of reversible inhibition -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Competitive inhibition -- 5.3.3 Noncompetitive inhibition -- 5.3.4 Uncompetitive inhibition -- 5.4 Mechanisms of irreversible inhibition -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Mechanism‐based quasi‐irreversible inhibitors -- 5.4.3 Mechanism‐based irreversible inhibitors -- 5.5 Clinical consequences of irreversible inhibition -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Quasi‐irreversible inhibitors: the SSRIs -- 5.5.3 Mechanism‐based inhibitors: grapefruit juice -- 5.5.4 Mechanism‐based inhibitors: other juice products -- 5.5.5 OTC herbal remedy inhibitors -- 5.6 Cell transport systems and inhibition -- 5.6.1 Uptake (Influx) transporters: OATPs -- 5.6.2 Efflux transporters: P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) -- 5.7 Major clinical consequences of inhibition of drug clearance -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 Torsades de pointes (TdP) -- 5.7.3 Sedative effects -- 5.7.4 Muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis) -- 5.7.5 Excessive hypotension -- 5.7.6 Ergotism -- 5.7.7 Excessive anticoagulation -- 5.8 Use of inhibitors for positive clinical intervention -- 5.8.1 Introduction -- 5.8.2 CYP inhibitors and female hormone‐dependent tumours -- 5.8.3 CYP inhibitors and male hormone‐dependent tumours -- 5.8.4 CYP inhibitors and manipulation of prescription drug disposition -- 5.8.5 Use of inhibitors to increase drug efficacy -- 5.8.6 Use of inhibitors to reduce toxic metabolite formation -- 5.8.7 Use of inhibitors to reduce drug costs -- 5.8.8 Use of inhibition in alcoholism -- 5.9 Summary -- References -- 6 Conjugation and Transport Processes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Glucuronidation -- 6.2.1 UGTs -- 6.2.2 UGT mode of operation -- 6.2.3 UGT isoforms -- 6.2.4 UGTs and bilirubin -- 6.2.5 UGTs and bile acids -- 6.2.6 Role of glucuronidation in drug clearance -- 6.2.7 Types of glucuronides formed -- 6.2.8 Control of UGTs -- 6.2.9 Induction of UGTs: clinical consequences -- 6.2.10 UGT inhibition: bilirubin metabolism -- 6.2.11 UGT inhibition: drug clearance -- 6.2.12 Microbiome and drug metabolism: passengers or crew? -- 6.3 Sulphonation -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 SULT structure related to catalytic operation -- 6.3.3 Control of SULT enzymes -- 6.3.4 SULTs and cancer -- 6.4 The GSH system -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 GSH system maintenance -- 6.5 Glutathione S‐transferases -- 6.5.1 Structure and location -- 6.5.2 Mode of operation -- 6.5.3 GST classes -- 6.5.4 Control of GSTs: overview -- 6.5.5 Control of GSTs and reactive species -- 6.5.6 Control of GSTs: the nrf2 system -- 6.6 Epoxide hydrolases -- 6.6.1 Nature of epoxides -- 6.6.2 Epoxide hydrolases -- 6.6.3 Epoxide hydrolases: structure, mechanisms of action, and regulation -- 6.7 Acetylation -- 6.8 Methylation -- 6.9 Esterases/amidases -- 6.10 Amino acid conjugation (mainly glycine) -- 6.11 Phase III transport processes -- 6.11.1 Introduction -- 6.11.2 ABC Efflux transporters -- 6.11.3 RLIP76 -- 6.12 Biotransformation: integration of processes -- References -- 7 Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Genetic polymorphisms -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Clinical implications -- 7.2.3 Genetic polymorphisms in CYP systems -- 7.2.4 Genetic polymorphisms in nonconjugative systems -- 7.2.5 Conjugative polymorphisms: acetylation -- 7.2.6 Conjugative polymorphisms: methylation -- 7.2.7 Conjugative polymorphisms: UGT 1A1 -- 7.2.8 Conjugative polymorphisms: sulphonation.
7.2.9 Other conjugative polymorphisms: Glutathione S‐transferases -- 7.2.10 Transporter polymorphisms -- 7.2.11 Polymorphism detection: clinical and practical issues -- 7.3 Effects of age on drug metabolism -- 7.3.1 The elderly -- 7.3.2 Drug clearance in neonates and children -- 7.4 Effects of diet on drug metabolism -- 7.4.1 Polyphenols -- 7.4.2 Barbecued meat -- 7.4.3 Cruciferous vegetables -- 7.4.4 Other vegetable effects on metabolism -- 7.4.5 Caffeine -- 7.4.6 Diet: general effects -- 7.5 Gender effects -- 7.6 Smoking -- 7.7 Effects of ethanol on drug metabolism -- 7.7.1 Context of ethanol usage -- 7.7.2 Ethanol metabolism -- 7.7.3 Ethanol and inhibitors of ALDH -- 7.7.4 Mild ethanol usage and drug clearance -- 7.7.5 Heavy ethanol usage and paracetamol -- 7.7.6 Alcoholic liver disease -- 7.7.7 Effects of cirrhosis on drug clearance -- 7.8 Artificial livers -- 7.9 Effects of disease on drug metabolism -- 7.10 Summary -- References -- 8 Role of Metabolism in Drug Toxicity -- 8.1 Adverse drug reactions: definitions -- 8.2 Predictable drug adverse effects: type A -- 8.2.1 Intensification of pharmacologic effect: type A1 -- 8.2.2 Off‐target reversible effects and methaemoglobin formation: type A2 -- 8.2.3 Predictable overdose toxicity: type A3 -- 8.3 Unpredictable drug adverse effects: type B -- 8.3.1 Idiosyncratic and overdose toxicity: similarities and differences -- 8.3.2 Type B1 necrosis: troglitazone -- 8.3.3 Type B1 necrosis: trovafloxacin -- 8.3.4 Type B2 reactions: immunotoxicity -- 8.4 Nature of drug‐mediated immune responses -- 8.4.1 Anaphylaxis -- 8.4.2 DRESS/Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) -- 8.4.3 Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) -- 8.4.4 Blood dyscrasias -- 8.4.5 Prediction of idiosyncratic reactions -- 8.5 Type B3 reactions: role of metabolism in cancer -- 8.5.1 Sources of risks of malignancy -- 8.5.2 Risks of malignancy and drug development -- 8.5.3 Environmental carcinogenicity risks -- 8.5.4 Occupational carcinogens -- 8.5.5 Dietary carcinogens: acrylamide -- 8.5.6 Dietary carcinogens: aflatoxins -- 8.6 Summary of biotransformational toxicity -- References -- Appendix A Drug Metabolism in Drug Discovery -- A.1 The pharmaceutical industry -- A.2 Drug design and biotransformation: strategies -- A.3 Animal and human experimental models: strategies -- A.4 In vitro metabolism platforms and methods -- A.4.1 Analytical techniques -- A.4.2 Human liver microsomes -- A.4.3 Heterologous recombinant systems -- A.4.4 Liver slices -- A.4.5 Human hepatocytes -- A.5 Animal model developments in drug metabolism -- A.5.1 Introduction -- A.5.2 Genetic modification of animal models -- A.5.3 'Humanized' mice -- A.6 Toxicological assays -- A.6.1 Aims -- A.6.2 Cell viability assays -- A.6.3 'One compartment' cell models -- A.6.4 'Two compartment' models -- A.6.5 DNA and chromosomal toxicity assays -- A.6.6 The Ames test -- A.6.7 Comet assay -- A.6.8 Micronucleus test -- A.6.9 Toxicology in drug discovery -- A.7 In silico approaches -- A.8 Summary -- References -- Appendix B Metabolism of Major Illicit Drugs -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 Opiates -- B.3 Cocaine -- B.4 Hallucinogens -- B.5 Amphetamine derivatives -- B.6 Cannabis -- B.7 Dissociative anaesthetics -- B.8 Charlie Don't Surf! -- References -- Appendix C Examination Techniques -- C.1 Introduction -- C.2 A first‐class answer -- C.3 Preparation -- C.4 The day of reckoning -- C.5 Foreign students -- Appendix D Summary of Major CYP Isoforms and Their Substrates, Inhibitors, and Inducers -- Index.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910829804703321
Coleman Michael D.  
Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley Blackwell, 2020
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Human drug metabolism / / Michael D. Coleman
Human drug metabolism / / Michael D. Coleman
Autore Coleman Michael D.
Edizione [3rd ed]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley Blackwell, 2020
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (683 pages)
Disciplina 615.1
Soggetto topico Drugs -- Metabolism
Drugs -- Metabolic detoxication
ISBN 1-119-45861-7
1-119-65801-2
1-119-45860-9
Classificazione 491.5
615.1
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione und
Nota di contenuto Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Therapeutic window -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.2 Therapeutic index -- 1.1.3 Changes in dosage -- 1.1.4 Changes in rate of removal -- 1.2 Consequences of drug concentration changesh -- 1.2.1 Drug failure -- 1.2.2 Drug toxicity -- 1.3 Clearance -- 1.3.1 Definitions -- 1.3.2 Clearance and elimination -- 1.3.3 Biotransformation prior to elimination -- 1.3.4 Intrinsic clearance -- 1.3.5 Clearance: influencing factors -- 1.4 First pass and drug extraction -- 1.4.1 First pass: gut contribution -- 1.4.2 First pass: hepatic contribution -- 1.4.3 First pass: low‐extraction drugs -- 1.5 First pass and plasma drug levels -- 1.5.1 Introduction -- 1.5.2 Changes in clearance and plasma levels -- 1.6 Drug and xenobiotic metabolism -- References -- 2 Drug Biotransformational Systems - Origins and Aims -- 2.1 Biotransforming enzymes -- 2.2 Threat of lipophilic hydrocarbons -- 2.3 Cell communication -- 2.3.1 Signal molecule evolution -- 2.3.2 Lipophilic hydrocarbons as signal molecules -- 2.4 False signal molecules: bioprotection -- 2.4.1 Endocrine disruption -- 2.4.2 Endocrine disruption: problems and solutions -- 2.4.3 Endocrine disruption: cosmetic and nutraceutical aspects -- 2.4.4 Endocrine disruption: microRNAs -- 2.5 Sites of biotransforming enzymes -- 2.6 Biotransformation and xenobiotic cell entry -- 2.6.1 Role of the liver -- 2.6.2 Drug and xenobiotic uptake: transporter systems -- 2.6.3 Hepatic and gut uptake (influx) transporter systems -- 2.6.4 Aims of biotransformation -- 2.6.5 Task of biotransformation -- 2.6.6 Phase's I-III of biotransformation: descriptions and classifications -- 2.6.7 Biotransformation and drug action -- References -- 3 How Oxidative Systems Metabolise Substrates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Capture of lipophilic molecules -- 3.3 Cytochrome P450s: nomenclature and methods of study -- 3.3.1 Classification -- 3.3.2 Methods of analysis -- 3.3.3 CYP key features and capabilities -- 3.4 CYPs: main and associated structures -- 3.4.1 General structure -- 3.4.2 Haem moiety -- 3.4.3 CYP flexible regions -- 3.4.4 Substrate binding in CYPs -- 3.4.5 Homotropic binding in CYPs -- 3.4.6 Heterotropic binding in CYPs -- 3.4.7 CYP complex formation -- 3.4.8 CYP REDOX partners (i): P450 oxidoreductase (POR) -- 3.4.9 CYP REDOX partners (ii): Cytochrome b5 -- 3.5 Human CYP families and their regulation -- 3.5.1 CYP regulation: lifespan -- 3.5.2 CYP regulation: transcriptional -- 3.5.3 CYP regulation: post‐translational -- 3.6 Main human CYP families -- 3.6.1 CYP1A series -- 3.6.2 CYP2 series -- 3.6.3 CYP3A series -- 3.7 Cytochrome P450 catalytic cycle -- 3.7.1 Substrate binding -- 3.7.2 Oxygen binding -- 3.7.3 Oxygen scission (splitting) -- 3.7.4 Insertion of oxygen into substrate -- 3.7.5 Release of product -- 3.7.6 Reductions -- 3.8 Flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) -- 3.8.1 Introduction -- 3.8.2 Structure -- 3.8.3 Mechanism of catalysis -- 3.8.4 Variation and expression -- 3.8.5 FMOs in drug development -- 3.9 How CYP isoforms operate in vivo -- 3.9.1 Illustrative use of structures -- 3.9.2 Primary purposes of CYPs -- 3.9.3 Role of oxidation -- 3.9.4 Summary of CYP operations -- 3.10 Aromatic ring hydroxylation -- 3.10.1 Nature of aromatics -- 3.10.2 Oxidation of benzene -- 3.11 Alkyl oxidations -- 3.11.1 Saturated alkyl groups -- 3.11.2 Unsaturated alkyl groups -- 3.11.3 Pathways of alkyl metabolism -- 3.12 Rearrangement reactions -- 3.12.1 Dealkylations -- 3.12.2 Deaminations -- 3.12.3 Dehalogenations -- 3.13 Other oxidation processes -- 3.13.1 Primary amine oxidations -- 3.13.2 Oxidation of alcohol and aldehydes -- 3.13.3 Monoamine oxidase (MAO) -- 3.14 Control of CYP metabolic function -- References -- 4 Induction of Cytochrome P450 Systems -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 How living systems self‐regulate: overview -- 4.1.2 Self‐regulation in drug metabolism -- 4.1.3 Self‐regulatory responses to drugs: summary -- 4.2 Causes of accelerated clearance -- 4.3 Enzyme induction -- 4.3.1 Types of inducers -- 4.3.2 Common features of inducers and clinical significance -- 4.4 Mechanisms of enzyme induction -- 4.4.1 Introduction -- 4.4.2 CYPs 1A1/1A2 and 1B1 induction -- 4.4.3 CYP 2B6 2C8/2C9/C19 and 3A4 induction -- 4.4.4 CYP 2E1 induction -- 4.4.5 CYP2D6 -- 4.4.6 Reversal of induction -- 4.4.7 Cell transport systems and induction: P‐glycoprotein -- 4.4.8 Induction processes: summary -- 4.5 Induction: general clinical aspects -- 4.5.1 Introduction -- 4.5.2 Anti‐epileptic agents -- 4.5.3 OTC (over the counter) and online herbal preparations -- 4.5.4 Anticoagulant drugs -- 4.5.5 Oral contraceptives/steroids -- 4.5.6 Antiviral/antibiotic drugs -- 4.5.7 Anticancer drugs -- 4.6 Induction: practical considerations -- 4.7 Induction vs. inhibition: which 'wins'? -- 4.8 Induction: long‐term impact -- References -- 5 Cytochrome P450 Inhibition -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Inhibition of metabolism: general aspects -- 5.3 Mechanisms of reversible inhibition -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Competitive inhibition -- 5.3.3 Noncompetitive inhibition -- 5.3.4 Uncompetitive inhibition -- 5.4 Mechanisms of irreversible inhibition -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Mechanism‐based quasi‐irreversible inhibitors -- 5.4.3 Mechanism‐based irreversible inhibitors -- 5.5 Clinical consequences of irreversible inhibition -- 5.5.1 Introduction -- 5.5.2 Quasi‐irreversible inhibitors: the SSRIs -- 5.5.3 Mechanism‐based inhibitors: grapefruit juice -- 5.5.4 Mechanism‐based inhibitors: other juice products -- 5.5.5 OTC herbal remedy inhibitors -- 5.6 Cell transport systems and inhibition -- 5.6.1 Uptake (Influx) transporters: OATPs -- 5.6.2 Efflux transporters: P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) -- 5.7 Major clinical consequences of inhibition of drug clearance -- 5.7.1 Introduction -- 5.7.2 Torsades de pointes (TdP) -- 5.7.3 Sedative effects -- 5.7.4 Muscle damage (rhabdomyolysis) -- 5.7.5 Excessive hypotension -- 5.7.6 Ergotism -- 5.7.7 Excessive anticoagulation -- 5.8 Use of inhibitors for positive clinical intervention -- 5.8.1 Introduction -- 5.8.2 CYP inhibitors and female hormone‐dependent tumours -- 5.8.3 CYP inhibitors and male hormone‐dependent tumours -- 5.8.4 CYP inhibitors and manipulation of prescription drug disposition -- 5.8.5 Use of inhibitors to increase drug efficacy -- 5.8.6 Use of inhibitors to reduce toxic metabolite formation -- 5.8.7 Use of inhibitors to reduce drug costs -- 5.8.8 Use of inhibition in alcoholism -- 5.9 Summary -- References -- 6 Conjugation and Transport Processes -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Glucuronidation -- 6.2.1 UGTs -- 6.2.2 UGT mode of operation -- 6.2.3 UGT isoforms -- 6.2.4 UGTs and bilirubin -- 6.2.5 UGTs and bile acids -- 6.2.6 Role of glucuronidation in drug clearance -- 6.2.7 Types of glucuronides formed -- 6.2.8 Control of UGTs -- 6.2.9 Induction of UGTs: clinical consequences -- 6.2.10 UGT inhibition: bilirubin metabolism -- 6.2.11 UGT inhibition: drug clearance -- 6.2.12 Microbiome and drug metabolism: passengers or crew? -- 6.3 Sulphonation -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 SULT structure related to catalytic operation -- 6.3.3 Control of SULT enzymes -- 6.3.4 SULTs and cancer -- 6.4 The GSH system -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 GSH system maintenance -- 6.5 Glutathione S‐transferases -- 6.5.1 Structure and location -- 6.5.2 Mode of operation -- 6.5.3 GST classes -- 6.5.4 Control of GSTs: overview -- 6.5.5 Control of GSTs and reactive species -- 6.5.6 Control of GSTs: the nrf2 system -- 6.6 Epoxide hydrolases -- 6.6.1 Nature of epoxides -- 6.6.2 Epoxide hydrolases -- 6.6.3 Epoxide hydrolases: structure, mechanisms of action, and regulation -- 6.7 Acetylation -- 6.8 Methylation -- 6.9 Esterases/amidases -- 6.10 Amino acid conjugation (mainly glycine) -- 6.11 Phase III transport processes -- 6.11.1 Introduction -- 6.11.2 ABC Efflux transporters -- 6.11.3 RLIP76 -- 6.12 Biotransformation: integration of processes -- References -- 7 Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Genetic polymorphisms -- 7.2.1 Introduction -- 7.2.2 Clinical implications -- 7.2.3 Genetic polymorphisms in CYP systems -- 7.2.4 Genetic polymorphisms in nonconjugative systems -- 7.2.5 Conjugative polymorphisms: acetylation -- 7.2.6 Conjugative polymorphisms: methylation -- 7.2.7 Conjugative polymorphisms: UGT 1A1 -- 7.2.8 Conjugative polymorphisms: sulphonation.
7.2.9 Other conjugative polymorphisms: Glutathione S‐transferases -- 7.2.10 Transporter polymorphisms -- 7.2.11 Polymorphism detection: clinical and practical issues -- 7.3 Effects of age on drug metabolism -- 7.3.1 The elderly -- 7.3.2 Drug clearance in neonates and children -- 7.4 Effects of diet on drug metabolism -- 7.4.1 Polyphenols -- 7.4.2 Barbecued meat -- 7.4.3 Cruciferous vegetables -- 7.4.4 Other vegetable effects on metabolism -- 7.4.5 Caffeine -- 7.4.6 Diet: general effects -- 7.5 Gender effects -- 7.6 Smoking -- 7.7 Effects of ethanol on drug metabolism -- 7.7.1 Context of ethanol usage -- 7.7.2 Ethanol metabolism -- 7.7.3 Ethanol and inhibitors of ALDH -- 7.7.4 Mild ethanol usage and drug clearance -- 7.7.5 Heavy ethanol usage and paracetamol -- 7.7.6 Alcoholic liver disease -- 7.7.7 Effects of cirrhosis on drug clearance -- 7.8 Artificial livers -- 7.9 Effects of disease on drug metabolism -- 7.10 Summary -- References -- 8 Role of Metabolism in Drug Toxicity -- 8.1 Adverse drug reactions: definitions -- 8.2 Predictable drug adverse effects: type A -- 8.2.1 Intensification of pharmacologic effect: type A1 -- 8.2.2 Off‐target reversible effects and methaemoglobin formation: type A2 -- 8.2.3 Predictable overdose toxicity: type A3 -- 8.3 Unpredictable drug adverse effects: type B -- 8.3.1 Idiosyncratic and overdose toxicity: similarities and differences -- 8.3.2 Type B1 necrosis: troglitazone -- 8.3.3 Type B1 necrosis: trovafloxacin -- 8.3.4 Type B2 reactions: immunotoxicity -- 8.4 Nature of drug‐mediated immune responses -- 8.4.1 Anaphylaxis -- 8.4.2 DRESS/Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) -- 8.4.3 Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) -- 8.4.4 Blood dyscrasias -- 8.4.5 Prediction of idiosyncratic reactions -- 8.5 Type B3 reactions: role of metabolism in cancer -- 8.5.1 Sources of risks of malignancy -- 8.5.2 Risks of malignancy and drug development -- 8.5.3 Environmental carcinogenicity risks -- 8.5.4 Occupational carcinogens -- 8.5.5 Dietary carcinogens: acrylamide -- 8.5.6 Dietary carcinogens: aflatoxins -- 8.6 Summary of biotransformational toxicity -- References -- Appendix A Drug Metabolism in Drug Discovery -- A.1 The pharmaceutical industry -- A.2 Drug design and biotransformation: strategies -- A.3 Animal and human experimental models: strategies -- A.4 In vitro metabolism platforms and methods -- A.4.1 Analytical techniques -- A.4.2 Human liver microsomes -- A.4.3 Heterologous recombinant systems -- A.4.4 Liver slices -- A.4.5 Human hepatocytes -- A.5 Animal model developments in drug metabolism -- A.5.1 Introduction -- A.5.2 Genetic modification of animal models -- A.5.3 'Humanized' mice -- A.6 Toxicological assays -- A.6.1 Aims -- A.6.2 Cell viability assays -- A.6.3 'One compartment' cell models -- A.6.4 'Two compartment' models -- A.6.5 DNA and chromosomal toxicity assays -- A.6.6 The Ames test -- A.6.7 Comet assay -- A.6.8 Micronucleus test -- A.6.9 Toxicology in drug discovery -- A.7 In silico approaches -- A.8 Summary -- References -- Appendix B Metabolism of Major Illicit Drugs -- B.1 Introduction -- B.2 Opiates -- B.3 Cocaine -- B.4 Hallucinogens -- B.5 Amphetamine derivatives -- B.6 Cannabis -- B.7 Dissociative anaesthetics -- B.8 Charlie Don't Surf! -- References -- Appendix C Examination Techniques -- C.1 Introduction -- C.2 A first‐class answer -- C.3 Preparation -- C.4 The day of reckoning -- C.5 Foreign students -- Appendix D Summary of Major CYP Isoforms and Their Substrates, Inhibitors, and Inducers -- Index.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910841695703321
Coleman Michael D.  
Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley Blackwell, 2020
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Human drug targets : a compendium for pharmaceutical discovery / / Edward D. Zanders
Human drug targets : a compendium for pharmaceutical discovery / / Edward D. Zanders
Autore Zanders Edward D.
Pubbl/distr/stampa West Sussex, England : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2016
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (796 p.)
Disciplina 615.1/9
Soggetto topico Drug targeting
Drug development
ISBN 1-118-84983-3
1-118-84982-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Overview of the drug target compendium -- Cell surface and secreted proteins -- Enzymes, part 1 -- Enzymes, part 2 -- Remaining annotated entries grouped by subcellular location -- Non-coding RNAs.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910137427103321
Zanders Edward D.  
West Sussex, England : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2016
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Human drug targets : a compendium for pharmaceutical discovery / / Edward D. Zanders
Human drug targets : a compendium for pharmaceutical discovery / / Edward D. Zanders
Autore Zanders Edward D.
Pubbl/distr/stampa West Sussex, England : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2016
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (796 p.)
Disciplina 615.1/9
Soggetto topico Drug targeting
Drug development
ISBN 1-118-84983-3
1-118-84982-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Overview of the drug target compendium -- Cell surface and secreted proteins -- Enzymes, part 1 -- Enzymes, part 2 -- Remaining annotated entries grouped by subcellular location -- Non-coding RNAs.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910823071803321
Zanders Edward D.  
West Sussex, England : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2016
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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Human emerging and re-emerging infections . Volume I Viral and parasitic infections / / edited by Sunit K. Singh, Laboratory of Human Molecular Virology and Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Human emerging and re-emerging infections . Volume I Viral and parasitic infections / / edited by Sunit K. Singh, Laboratory of Human Molecular Virology and Immunology, Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , [2016]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (2303 p.)
Disciplina 616.9
Soggetto topico Communicable diseases
Communicable Diseases, Emerging
ISBN 1-78785-094-3
1-118-64464-6
1-118-64484-0
1-118-64482-4
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Volume 1. Viral & parasitic infections -- Volume 2. Bacterial & mycotic infections.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910131531103321
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , [2016]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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The human footprint : a global environmental history / / Anthony N. Penna
The human footprint : a global environmental history / / Anthony N. Penna
Autore Penna Anthony N.
Edizione [Second edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, [England] : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2015
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (387 p.)
Disciplina 304.2
Soggetto topico Human ecology - History
Ecology - History
Climatic changes - History
Natural history
Soggetto genere / forma Electronic books.
ISBN 1-118-91243-8
1-118-91260-8
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; List of Figures; Acknowledgments; Introduction; The Nature of World History; The Nature of Big History; The Nature of World Environmental History; Earth's History and Human Origins; Mass Migrations and the Rise of Agriculture; Population Growth and the Rise of Cities; Cities and the Rise of Manufacturing and Industry; World Trade and New World Ecology; Fossil Fuels and Climate Change; Notes; Chapter 1 An Evolving Earth; Introduction; The Origins of Earth and Its Unique Atmosphere: From Hot to Cold Planet; Icehouse Planet and Greenhouse Planet
Plate Tectonics, Super-continents, and Climate ChangeThe Warming; The Cooling; The Elevation of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Effect on the Global Climate; The Birth, Death, and Rebirth of the Mediterranean Sea and Its Hemispheric Environmental Effects; The Impact of the Isthmus of Panama on Global Climate Change; The Mid-Pliocene, Glacial and Interglacial Cycles, and ""Modern'' Times; Notes; Chapter 2 Evolving Humanity; Introduction; Climatic Changes and Evolution; Another Effect of the Closing of the Mediterranean Sea; Human Ancestry; The Birth of Human Intelligence
Early Diets and Their Nutritional ValueTranslating Human Intelligence into Action; Tectonic Upheavals, Landscape Changes, and Climate; Population Migration and Expansion; Homo Neanderthalensis vs. Homo Sapiens; The Broad Spectrum: An Economic Revolution; Notes; Chapter 3 Foraging, Cultivating, and Food Production; Introduction; Early Farming and a Warming Climate; Settlement and Domestication; Early Agricultural Communities; Early Agriculture in China; Early Agriculture in Africa; Early Agriculture in Mesoamerica; Early Agriculture in Europe
World Agriculture during the Age of Manufacture and IndustryThe First Green Revolution, 1840-1930; The Second Green Revolution, 1945-; Agro-business, Food Prices, and Climate Change; Notes; Chapter 4 Populating the Earth: Diet, Domestication, and Disease; Introduction; A Modern Demographic Scenario; The Role of Disease in Calculating Population Size; The Impact of Migration and Settlement on Global Population Growth; The Role of Nutrition in Early Population Growth; The Role of Animal Domestication in the Spread of Infectious Disease; Nutrition, Climate Change, and Population
A Population Bomb or Not?Notes; Chapter 5 The Making of an Urban World; Introduction; What Does ""Urban'' Mean?; Early Urbanization and Its Environmental Effects; Ancient Urbanization; The Origin of Writing; The Impact of Changing Rivers on Environmental Quality; Urbanization in the Indus Valley; China's Early Cities; Ancient Mesoamerican Cities; Early European Cities; Notes; Chapter 6 Mining, Making, and Manufacturing; Introduction; The Age of Copper and Bronze; The Effects of Ancient Mining on Human Health and the Environment; Mining in the Roman World; The Age of Iron
Iron-Making in China and India
Record Nr. UNINA-9910460210303321
Penna Anthony N.  
Chichester, [England] : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2015
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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The human footprint : a global environmental history / / Anthony N. Penna
The human footprint : a global environmental history / / Anthony N. Penna
Autore Penna Anthony N.
Edizione [Second edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, [England] : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2015
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (387 pages) : illustrations (some color), maps, graphs
Disciplina 304.2
Soggetto topico Human ecology - History
Ecology - History
Climatic changes - History
Natural history
ISBN 9781118912430
1118912438
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Record Nr. UNINA-9910796091503321
Penna Anthony N.  
Chichester, [England] : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2015
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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The human footprint : a global environmental history / / Anthony N. Penna
The human footprint : a global environmental history / / Anthony N. Penna
Autore Penna Anthony N.
Edizione [Second edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Chichester, [England] : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2015
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (387 pages) : illustrations (some color), maps, graphs
Disciplina 304.2
Soggetto topico Human ecology - History
Ecology - History
Climatic changes - History
Natural history
ISBN 9781118912430
1118912438
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Record Nr. UNINA-9910822760703321
Penna Anthony N.  
Chichester, [England] : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2015
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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Human neuroanatomy / / James R. Augustine
Human neuroanatomy / / James R. Augustine
Autore Augustine James R.
Edizione [Second edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2017
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (434 pages) : illustrations
Disciplina 611.8
Soggetto topico Neuroanatomy
Soggetto genere / forma Electronic books.
ISBN 1-119-07399-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Record Nr. UNINA-9910156242703321
Augustine James R.  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2017
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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Human neuroanatomy / / James R. Augustine
Human neuroanatomy / / James R. Augustine
Autore Augustine James R.
Edizione [Second edition.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2017
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (434 pages) : illustrations
Disciplina 611.8
Collana New York Academy of Sciences
Soggetto topico Neuroanatomy
ISBN 1-119-07399-5
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- About the companion website -- Chapter 1 Introduction to the Nervous System -- 1.1 NEURONS -- 1.1.1 Neuronal cell body (soma) -- 1.1.2 Axon hillock -- 1.1.3 Neuronal processes - axons and dendrites -- 1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS -- 1.2.1 Neuronal classification by function -- 1.2.2 Neuronal classification by number of processes -- 1.3 THE SYNAPSE -- 1.3.1 Components of a synapse -- 1.3.2 Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators -- 1.3.3 Neuronal plasticity -- 1.3.4 The neuropil -- 1.4 NEUROGLIAL CELLS -- 1.4.1 Neuroglial cells differ from neurons -- 1.4.2 Identification of neuroglia -- 1.4.3 Neuroglial function -- 1.4.4 Neuroglial cells and aging -- 1.4.5 Neuroglial cells and brain tumors -- 1.5 AXONAL TRANSPORT -- 1.5.1 Functions of axonal transport -- 1.5.2 Defective axonal transport -- 1.6 DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION -- 1.6.1 Axon or retrograde reaction -- 1.6.2 Anterograde degeneration -- 1.6.3 Retrograde degeneration -- 1.6.4 Regeneration of peripheral nerves -- 1.6.5 Regeneration and neurotrophic factors -- 1.6.6 Regeneration in the central nervous system -- 1.7 NEURAL TRANSPLANTATION -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 2 Development of the Nervous System -- 2.1 FIRST WEEK -- 2.1.1 Fertilization -- 2.1.2 From two cells to the free blastocyst -- 2.2 SECOND WEEK -- 2.2.1 Implantation and two distinct layers of cells -- 2.2.2 Primitive streak and a third layer of cells -- 2.3 THIRD WEEK -- 2.3.1 Primitive node and notochordal process -- 2.3.2 Neural plate, groove, folds, and neuromeres -- 2.3.3 Three main divisions of the brain -- 2.3.4 Mesencephalic flexure appears -- 2.4 FOURTH WEEK -- 2.4.1 Formation of the neural tube -- 2.4.2 Rostral and caudal neuropores open -- 2.4.3 Neural crest cells emerge -- 2.4.4 Neural canal - the future ventricular system.
2.4.5 Neuropores close and neural tube forms -- 2.4.6 Cervical flexure present -- 2.5 FIFTH WEEK -- 2.5.1 Simple tube, complex transformation -- 2.5.2 Five subdivisions of the brain appear -- 2.5.3 Brain vesicles versus brain regions -- 2.6 VULNERABILITY OF THE DEVELOPING NERVOUS SYSTEM -- 2.7 CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM -- 2.7.1 Spinal dysraphism -- 2.7.2 Anencephaly -- 2.7.3 Microcephaly -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 3 The Spinal Cord -- 3.1 EMBRYOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 3.1.1 Layers of the developing spinal cord -- 3.1.2 Formation of ventral gray columns and ventral roots -- 3.1.3 Formation of dorsal gray columns -- 3.1.4 Dorsal and ventral horns versus dorsal and ventral gray columns -- 3.1.5 Development of neural crest cells -- 3.1.6 Framework of the adult cord is present at birth -- 3.2 GROSS ANATOMY -- 3.2.1 Spinal cord weight and length -- 3.2.2 Spinal segments, regions, and enlargements -- 3.2.3 Spinal segments in each region are of unequal length -- 3.2.4 Conus medullaris, filum terminale, and cauda equina -- 3.2.5 Termination of the adult spinal cord -- 3.2.6 Differential rate of growth: vertebral column versus the spinal cord -- 3.2.7 Relationship between spinal segments and vertebrae -- 3.3 NUCLEAR GROUPS - GRAY MATTER -- 3.3.1 General arrangement of spinal cord gray matter -- 3.3.2 Gray matter at enlargement levels -- 3.3.3 Spinal laminae -- 3.3.4 Dorsal horn -- 3.3.5 Intermediate zone -- 3.3.6 Ventral horn -- 3.4 FUNCTIONAL CLASSES OF NEURONS -- 3.4.1 Four classes of neurons in the spinal cord -- 3.4.2 Somatic afferent versus visceral afferent neurons -- 3.4.3 Somatic efferent versus visceral efferent neurons -- 3.4.4 Some ventral root axons are sensory -- 3.5 FUNICULI/FASCICULI/TRACTS - WHITE MATTER -- 3.6 SPINAL REFLEXES -- 3.7 SPINAL MENINGES AND RELATED SPACES -- 3.7.1 Spinal dura mater.
3.7.2 Spinal arachnoid -- 3.7.3 Spinal pia mater -- 3.8 SPINAL CORD INJURY -- 3.8.1 Hemisection of the spinal cord -- 3.8.2 Syringomyelia -- 3.9 BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SPINAL CORD -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 4 The Brain Stem -- 4.1 EXTERNAL FEATURES -- 4.1.1 Medulla oblongata -- 4.1.2 Pons -- 4.1.3 Midbrain -- 4.2 CEREBELLUM AND FOURTH VENTRICLE -- 4.2.1 Cerebellum -- 4.2.2 Fourth ventricle -- 4.3 ORGANIZATION OF BRAIN STEM NEURONAL COLUMNS -- 4.3.1 Functional components of the cranial nerves -- 4.3.2 Efferent columns -- 4.3.3 Afferent columns -- 4.4 INTERNAL FEATURES -- 4.4.1 Endogenous substances -- 4.4.2 Medulla oblongata -- 4.4.3 Pons -- 4.4.4 Midbrain -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 5 The Forebrain -- 5.1 TELENCEPHALON -- 5.1.1 Telencephalon medium -- 5.1.2 Cerebral hemispheres -- 5.1.3 Basal ganglia (basal nuclei) -- 5.1.4 Rhinencephalon -- 5.2 DIENCEPHALON -- 5.2.1 Epithalamus -- 5.2.2 Thalamus -- 5.2.3 Subthalamus -- 5.2.4 Hypothalamus -- 5.3 CEREBRAL WHITE MATTER -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 6 Introduction to Ascending Sensory Paths -- 6.1 RECEPTORS -- 6.2 CLASSIFICATION OF RECEPTORS BY MODALITY -- 6.2.1 Mechanoreceptors -- 6.2.2 Thermoreceptors -- 6.2.3 Nociceptors -- 6.2.4 Chemoreceptors -- 6.2.5 Photoreceptors -- 6.2.6 Osmoreceptors -- 6.3 CLASSIFICATION OF RECEPTORS BY DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTION -- 6.3.1 Exteroceptors -- 6.3.2 Interoceptors -- 6.3.3 Proprioceptors -- 6.4 STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF RECEPTORS -- 6.4.1 Free nerve endings -- 6.4.2 Endings in hair follicles -- 6.4.3 Terminal endings of nerves -- 6.4.4 Neurotendinous spindles -- 6.4.5 Neuromuscular spindles -- 6.5 REFLEX CIRCUITS -- 6.5.1 The monosynaptic reflex -- 6.5.2 Complex reflexes -- 6.6 GENERAL SENSORY PATHS -- 6.6.1 Classification of sensory paths by function -- 6.7 ORGANIZATION OF GENERAL SENSORY PATHS -- 6.7.1 Receptors -- 6.7.2 Primary neurons.
6.7.3 Secondary neurons -- 6.7.4 Thalamic neurons -- 6.7.5 Cortical neurons -- 6.7.6 Modulation of sensory paths -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 7 Paths for Pain and Temperature -- 7.1 PATH FOR SUPERFICIAL PAIN AND TEMPERATURE FROM THE BODY -- 7.1.1 Modalities -- 7.1.2 Receptors -- 7.1.3 Primary neurons -- 7.1.4 Secondary neurons -- 7.1.5 Position of the LST in the brain stem -- 7.1.6 Thalamic neurons -- 7.1.7 Cortical neurons -- 7.1.8 Modulation of painful and thermal impulses -- 7.2 PATH FOR VISCERAL PAIN FROM THE BODY -- 7.2.1 Modalities and receptors -- 7.2.2 Primary neurons -- 7.2.3 Secondary neurons -- 7.2.4 Thalamic neurons -- 7.2.5 Cortical neurons -- 7.2.6 Suffering accompanying pain -- 7.2.7 Visceral pain as referred pain -- 7.2.8 Transection of fiber bundles to relieve intractable pain -- 7.3 THE TRIGEMINAL NUCLEAR COMPLEX -- 7.3.1 Organization of the trigeminal nuclear complex -- 7.3.2 Organization of entering trigeminal sensory fibers -- 7.4 PATH FOR SUPERFICIAL PAIN AND THERMAL EXTREMES FROM THE HEAD -- 7.4.1 Modalities and receptors -- 7.4.2 Primary neurons -- 7.4.3 Secondary neurons -- 7.4.4 Thalamic neurons -- 7.5 PATH FOR THERMAL DISCRIMINATION FROM THE HEAD -- 7.5.1 Modality and receptors -- 7.5.2 Primary neurons -- 7.5.3 Secondary neurons -- 7.5.4 Thalamic neurons -- 7.5.5 Cortical neurons -- 7.6 SOMATIC AFFERENT COMPONENTS OF VII, IX, AND X -- 7.7 TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA -- 7.7.1 Causes of trigeminal neuralgia -- 7.7.2 Methods of treatment for trigeminal neuralgia -- 7.8 GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NEURALGIA -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 8 Paths for Touch, Pressure, Proprioception, and Vibration -- 8.1 PATH FOR GENERAL TACTILE SENSATION FROM THE BODY -- 8.1.1 Modalities and receptors -- 8.1.2 Primary neurons -- 8.1.3 Secondary neurons -- 8.1.4 Thalamic neurons.
8.2 PATH FOR TACTILE DISCRIMINATION, PRESSURE, PROPRIOCEPTION, AND VIBRATION FROM THE BODY -- 8.2.1 Modalities and receptors -- 8.2.2 Primary neurons -- 8.2.3 Secondary neurons -- 8.2.4 Thalamic neurons -- 8.2.5 Cortical neurons -- 8.2.6 Spinal cord stimulation for the relief of pain -- 8.3 PATH FOR TACTILE DISCRIMINATION FROM THE HEAD -- 8.3.1 Modalities and receptors -- 8.3.2 Primary neurons -- 8.3.3 Secondary neurons -- 8.3.4 Thalamic neurons -- 8.3.5 Cortical neurons -- 8.4 PATH FOR GENERAL TACTILE SENSATION FROM THE HEAD -- 8.4.1 Modalities and receptors -- 8.4.2 Primary neurons -- 8.4.3 Secondary neurons -- 8.4.4 Thalamic neurons -- 8.4.5 Cortical neurons -- 8.5 PATH FOR PROPRIOCEPTION, PRESSURE, AND VIBRATION FROM THE HEAD -- 8.5.1 Modalities and receptors -- 8.5.2 Primary neurons -- 8.5.3 Secondary neurons -- 8.5.4 Thalamic neurons -- 8.5.5 Cortical neurons -- 8.6 TRIGEMINAL MOTOR COMPONENT -- 8.7 CERTAIN TRIGEMINAL REFLEXES -- 8.7.1 "Jaw-closing" reflex -- 8.7.2 Corneal reflex -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 9 The Reticular Formation -- 9.1 STRUCTURAL ASPECTS -- 9.1.1 Reticular nuclei in the medulla -- 9.1.2 Reticular nuclei in the pons -- 9.1.3 Reticular nuclei in the midbrain -- 9.2 ASCENDING RETICULAR SYSTEM -- 9.3 DESCENDING RETICULAR SYSTEM -- 9.4 FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE RETICULAR FORMATION -- 9.4.1 Consciousness -- 9.4.2 Homeostatic regulation -- 9.4.3 Visceral reflexes -- 9.4.4 Motor function -- FURTHER READING -- Chapter 10 The Auditory System -- 10.1 GROSS ANATOMY -- 10.1.1 External ear -- 10.1.2 Middle ear -- 10.1.3 Internal ear -- 10.2 THE ASCENDING AUDITORY PATH -- 10.2.1 Modality and receptors -- 10.2.2 Primary neurons -- 10.2.3 Secondary neurons -- 10.2.4 Tertiary neurons -- 10.2.5 Inferior collicular neurons -- 10.2.6 Thalamic neurons -- 10.2.7 Cortical neurons -- 10.2.8 Comments -- 10.3 DESCENDING AUDITORY CONNECTIONS.
10.3.1 Electrical stimulation of cochlear efferents.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910792672503321
Augustine James R.  
Hoboken, New Jersey : , : Wiley Blackwell, , 2017
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
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