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Intro -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Fluid Properties and Units -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Systems of Units -- 1.3 Units of Force -- 1.4 Fluid Properties -- 1.4.1 Density -- 1.4.2 Specific Weight -- 1.4.3 Specific Gravity -- 1.4.4 Viscosity of Fluids -- 1.4.4.1 Dynamic Viscosity -- 1.4.4.2 Kinematic Viscosity -- 1.5 Further Reading -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 2: Fluid Statics -- 2.1 Pressure Due to a Fluid Column (Static Pressure) -- 2.2 Differential Manometers -- 2.3 Forces on Submerged Surfaces -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 3: Fluid Dynamics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Conservation of Mass: Continuity Equation -- 3.3 Standard Pipe Sizes and Nomenclature -- 3.4 Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow Through Pipes -- 3.4.1 Reynolds Number -- 3.4.2 Criteria for Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Pipes -- 3.5 Friction Head Loss and Pressure Drop for Fluid Flow in Pipes -- 3.5.1 Calculating the Friction Head Loss for Pipe Flow: Darcy Equation -- 3.5.2 Fanning Friction Factor -- 3.5.3 Hagen-Poiseuille Equation -- 3.5.4 Determining the Darcy Friction Factor: Moody Diagram -- 3.6 Flow Through Noncircular Cross Sections -- 3.7 Friction Head Loss Across Pipe Fittings and Valves -- 3.7.1 Velocity Head Method -- 3.7.2 Equivalent Length Method -- 3.7.3 Head Loss at Pipe Entrance and at Pipe Exit -- 3.7.4 Head Loss Due to Change in Pipe Cross Section -- 3.7.4.1 Sudden Expansion (Fig. 3.6) -- 3.7.4.2 Sudden Contraction -- 3.7.4.3 Gradual Expansion -- 3.7.4.4 Gradual Contraction -- 3.8 Flow Through Pipes in Series -- 3.9 Flow Through Pipes in Parallel -- 3.10 Flow Past Solid Objects: Boundary Layer Theory, Drag and Lift Forces -- 3.10.1 Boundary Layer Theory -- 3.10.2 Drag Force -- 3.10.2.1 Drag Coefficient for Different Objects -- 3.10.2.2 Terminal Velocity.
3.10.3 Lift Force -- 3.11 Impulse-Momentum Principle -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 4: Energy Equation and Its Applications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Mechanical Energy Equation -- 4.3 Pump Power Equation -- 4.4 Bernoulli´s Equation -- 4.5 Pump Performance Parameters -- 4.5.1 System Curve and Operating Point -- 4.5.2 Pumps in Series -- 4.5.3 Pumps in Parallel -- 4.6 Affinity Laws (Also Known as ``Pump Laws,´´ ``Fan Laws´´) -- 4.7 Cavitation of Pumps -- 4.8 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 5: Fluid Flow Measurements -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Pitot Tube -- 5.3 Orifice Meter -- 5.4 Venturi Meter -- 5.5 Orifice Meter and Venturi Meter Comparison -- 5.5.1 Calculation of Permanent Pressure Loss in an Orifice Meter -- Practice Problems -- Practice Problems Solutions -- References -- Chapter 6: Fundamentals of Compressible Flow -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Continuity Equation for Compressible Flow -- 6.2.1 Calculation of Density of Gases -- 6.3 Mach Number and Its Significance in Compressible Flow -- 6.4 Isentropic Gas Flow -- 6.4.1 Application of the Steady Flow Energy Equation for Isentropic Flows -- 6.4.2 Stagnation-Static Relationships -- 6.4.3 Isentropic Flow with Area Changes -- 6.5 Adiabatic Compressible Flow with Friction Loss -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 7: Dimensional Analysis and Similitude -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Dimensionless Parameters Used in Fluid Mechanics -- 7.2.1 Benefits of Using Dimensionless Parameters -- 7.2.2 Buckingham Pi Theorem -- 7.3 Similitude -- 7.3.1 Requirements for Successful Simulation -- 7.3.1.1 Geometric Similarity -- 7.3.1.2 Kinematic Similarity -- 7.3.1.3 Dynamic Similarity -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems.
References -- Chapter 8: Heat Transfer Principles -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 General Equation for Heat Transfer Modeling -- 8.3 Heat Transfer Modes -- 8.3.1 Conduction Heat Transfer -- 8.3.2 Convection Heat Transfer -- 8.3.2.1 Free Convection -- 8.3.2.2 Forced Convection -- 8.3.3 Radiation Heat Transfer -- 8.4 Thermal Circuit Analogous to Electrical Circuit -- 8.5 Conduction-Convection Systems -- References -- Chapter 9: Conduction Heat Transfer -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Fourier´s Law of Heat Conduction -- 9.3 Conduction Through a Rectangular Slab -- 9.3.1 Multilayer Conduction -- 9.3.2 R-Values for Insulation and Building Materials -- 9.4 Conduction Through a Cylindrical Wall -- 9.5 Conduction Through a Spherical Wall -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 10: Convection Heat Transfer -- 10.1 Newton´s Law of Cooling -- 10.2 Convection Heat Transfer Resistance -- 10.3 Free and Forced Convection -- 10.4 Dimensionless Parameters Used in Heat Transfer -- 10.5 Correlations Used in Calculating Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients -- 10.6 Typical Range of Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients -- 10.7 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients in Conduction-Convection Systems -- 10.7.1 Order of Magnitude Analysis to Determine the Value of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients -- 10.8 The Relationship Between Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer -- 10.8.1 Colburn Analogy Between Fluid Friction Factor and Heat Transfer Coefficient -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 11: Radiation Heat Transfer -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Stefan-Boltzmann´s Law of Thermal Radiation -- 11.2.1 Nonideal Radiators: Gray Bodies -- 11.2.2 Absorptivity, Transmissivity, and Reflectivity -- 11.3 Radiation View Factor -- 11.3.1 View Factor Relationships -- 11.4 Calculation of Net Radiation Heat Transfer.
11.4.1 Radiation Heat Transfer from a Small Object to an Enclosure, Both Being Black Bodies -- 11.4.2 Radiation Heat Transfer from a Small Object to an Enclosure, Both Being Gray Bodies -- 11.5 Heat Transfer Equilibrium in Radiation Systems -- 11.5.1 Correction for Thermocouple Readings -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 12: Heat Exchangers -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Heat Balance -- 12.3 Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) -- 12.3.1 LMTD Correction Factors -- 12.4 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient -- 12.5 Heat Exchanger Design Equation -- 12.6 Heat Exchanger Effectiveness -- 12.6.1 Effectiveness-NTU Method -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 13: Thermodynamics Fundamentals -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Thermodynamic Properties and Variables -- 13.2.1 Specific Properties -- 13.2.2 Intensive and Extensive Properties -- 13.3 Ideal Gas Law -- 13.3.1 Concept of Mole -- 13.3.2 Universal Gas Constant and Ideal Gas Equation in Molar Form -- 13.3.3 STP, NTP, SCF, ACF, and Molar Volume of Ideal Gas -- 13.3.3.1 Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) and Molar Volumes -- 13.3.3.2 Normal Temperature Pressure (NTP) -- 13.3.3.3 Standard Cubic Feet (SCF) and Actual Cubic Feet (ACF) -- 13.4 Specific Heats of Gases -- 13.5 Nonideal Behavior of Gases -- 13.5.1 Generalized Compressibility Chart -- 13.6 Thermodynamic Processes Involving Ideal Gases -- 13.6.1 Isothermal Process -- 13.6.2 Isobaric Process -- 13.6.3 Isochoric Process -- 13.6.4 Isentropic Process -- 13.6.5 Constant Enthalpy/Throttling Process -- 13.7 Calculation of Work, Internal Energy Changes, Enthalpy Changes, and Entropy Changes for Processes Involving Ideal Gas -- 13.7.1 Work -- 13.7.1.1 Work for a Constant Pressure (Isobaric) Process -- 13.7.1.2 Work for a Constant Volume (Isochoric) Process.
13.7.1.3 Work for a Constant Temperature (Isothermal) Process -- 13.7.1.4 Constant Entropy (Isentropic) Process -- 13.7.2 Internal Energy Change -- 13.7.3 Enthalpy Change -- 13.7.4 Entropy Change -- 13.8 Thermodynamic Phase Diagrams -- 13.8.1 Phase Diagram for Water -- 13.9 Properties of Steam -- 13.9.1 Saturated Steam Tables -- 13.9.1.1 Calculation of Properties of Liquid-Vapor Mixtures -- 13.9.2 Superheated Steam Tables -- 13.9.3 Properties of Compressed Liquid -- 13.10 Mollier Diagram -- 13.11 Pressure-Enthalpy (P - h) Phase Diagram -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 14: Conservation of Energy and First Law of Thermodynamics -- 14.1 First Law of Thermodynamics -- 14.1.1 First Law for a Closed System -- 14.1.2 I Law for Open Systems-Energy Balance -- 14.2 I Law Applied to Turbines and Compressors -- 14.2.1 Isentropic Efficiency of Turbines -- 14.2.2 Isentropic Efficiency of Compressors -- 14.3 I Law Applied to Heating and Cooling of Fluids -- 14.4 I Law Applied to Nozzles and Diffusers -- 14.5 Pumps -- Practice Problems -- Solutions to Practice Problems -- References -- Chapter 15: Ideal Gas Mixtures and Psychrometrics -- 15.1 Ideal Gas Mixtures -- 15.1.1 Key Definitions for Ideal Gas Mixtures -- 15.1.2 Laws Related to Ideal Gas Mixtures -- 15.1.2.1 Dalton´s Law -- 15.1.2.2 Amagat´s Law -- 15.2 Air-Water Vapor Mixture and Psychrometrics -- 15.2.1 Moist Air Properties and Definitions -- 15.2.2 Relationship Between Humidity Ratio and Relative Humidity -- 15.2.3 Use of Psychrometric Chart to Obtain Properties of Moist Air -- 15.3 Air-Conditioning Processes -- 15.3.1 Cooling and Dehumidification -- 15.3.2 Heating and Humidification -- 15.3.3 Sensible Heating -- 15.3.4 Other Air-Conditioning Processes -- 15.4 Cooling Towers -- 15.5 Mixing of Air Streams -- 15.6 Use of Psychrometric Formulas.
Practice Problems.
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Finite elements in fluids / edited by R.H. Gallagher ... [et al.]
