From Mines and Wells to Well-Built Minds : Turning Sub-Saharan Africa's Natural Resource Wealth into Human Capital / / Benedicte de la Briere

• Autore: de la Briere Benedicte
• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2017
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (202 pages)
• Disciplina: 330.967
• Soggetto topico: Economic development - Africa, Sub-Saharan; Natural resources - Africa, Sub-Saharan
• Persona (resp. second.): BrièreBénédicte de la
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Resource-Rich Countries Have Higher National Incomes, but Their Populations Are Not Less Poor, and Their Human Development Is Low -- While There Are Compelling Reasons for Resource-Rich Countries to Invest in Human Capital, Their Investment Is Paltry and Ineffective -- Resource Rents Exacerbate Governance Challenges: Tackling Them Requires Strengthening Institutions, Incentives, and Information -- The Returns to Making Smart Investments in Human Capital Are High -- Conclusion: Invest Early and Smartly -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 1 Human Capital in Resource-Rich Countries -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Natural Resource Wealth, National Income, Poverty, and Inequality -- Natural Resource Wealth and Human Development -- Public Spending on Education and Health in Resource-Rich Countries -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 An Economic Rationale for Investing in Human Capital -- Abstract -- Why Governments Should Invest in Human Capital -- Why Governments Do Not Invest More in Human Capital -- Natural Resource Revenues and Investment in Human Capital -- Violent Conflict: Human Capital Investment and Political Instability -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Delivering Human Development Services in Resource-Rich Countries -- Abstract -- Governance Challenges and Service Delivery -- Levers for Improving the Governance of Service Delivery -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Key Investments to Build the Foundations of Human Capital -- Abstract -- The Foundations of Human Capital -- Interventions to Strengthen the Foundations of Human Capital -- The Role of Cash Transfers in Increasing Demand for Health and Education Services -- Going to Scale with ECD and Cash Transfers -- Conclusions. ; Annex 4A: Cash Transfer Programs in Africa -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box O.1 Transparency to Improve the Quality of Political Engagement -- Box O.2 Malaysia: Managing Mineral Resources Revenues for Human Development -- Box O.3 The Human Capital of Parents and Offspring -- Box 1.1 Country Classification -- Box 1.2 New Data on Inequalities in Education and Health Indicators -- Box 1.3 Gender Gaps in Education Outcomes -- Box 2.1 Private Returns to Human Capital -- Box 2.2 Modeling Natural Resources and Human Capital across Generations -- Box 2.3 Using Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Modeling to Guide Investments -- Box 2.4 Natural Resources and Conflict -- Box 2.5 Angola: Conflict, Natural Resource Wealth, and Low Human Development Outcomes -- Box 2.6 The Effect of Parents' Education on the Education of Their Children -- Box 3.1 Does Taxation Increase Transparency? -- Box 3.2 Service Delivery Indicators: Health and Education Services Need Improvement -- Box 3.3 Public Expenditures on Health Services in Ethiopia, Guinea, Malawi, Madagascar, Senegal, and Sierra Leone -- Box 3.4 Eight "Must-Have" Features for an Efficient Public Investment Management System -- Box 3.5 The Role of Parliaments in Managing Resource Wealth -- Box 3.6 Results-Based Financing: A Tale of Two Sub-Saharan African Countries -- Box 3.7 Direct Dividend Payments -- Box 3.8 Transparency to Improve the Quality of Political Engagement -- Box 3.9 Social Accountability in Resource-Rich Countries -- Box 3.10 Botswana: A Diversified Portfolio of Investing Natural Resource Wealth -- Box 3.11 Chile: Managing Natural Resource Wealth for Stability -- Box 4.1 The Consequences of Early Childhood Growth Failure over the Life Course in Guatemala -- Box 4.2 Community-Based Growth Promotion Programs -- Box 4.3 Mineral Wealth and the Protection of Human Capital. ; Box 4.4 What Types of Interventions Improve Student Learning? -- Box 4.5 The Role of Technical and Vocational Education and Training -- Box 4.6 Cash Transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Do They Achieve? -- Figures -- Figure O.1 The Prices of Natural Resources Are Volatile: Index of Real Prices, 1990-2015 (January 2010 = 100) -- Figure O.2 In SSA, Oil-Rich Countries Grew Substantially Faster Than Other Countries: Cumulative Growth in GNI per Capita, 1995-2013 -- Figure O.3 Resource Wealth Is Not Associated with Substantially Lower Poverty: Headcount Poverty Rates Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries at a Poverty Threshold of US2.50 a Day -- Figure O.4 Resource-Rich Countries in SSA Fare Poorly on the Human Development Index: HDI and GNI per Capita in 2013 -- Figure O.5 Resource-Rich Countries in SSA Have Low School Participation and High Infant Mortality: Indicators Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, Controlling for GNI per Capita -- Figure O.6 Rich-Poor Gaps in Education and Health Are Largest in SSA Resource-Rich Countries: Differences between the Richest and Poorest Quintiles on Outcome Indicators -- Figure O.7 Increased Public Spending Is Not Associated with Improved Outcomes in Oil-Rich Countries: Association between Public Spending and Outcomes, Controlling for Other Factors -- Figure O.8 An Optimal Public Investment Portfolio Is Likely to Be Balanced: Positive Complementarities Suggest Higher Levels of Investment -- Figure O.9 Governance Indicators Are Worse In Resource-Rich Countries -- Figure O.10 Accountability Framework for Service Delivery -- Figure O.11 Early Investments Have the Highest Returns: Indicative Rate of Return to Investments at Each Age -- Figure 1.1 Strategies for Managing Resource Rents Need to Account for Booms and Busts: Index of the Real Price of Natural Resources, 1990-2015. ; Figure 1.2 In SSA, Oil-Rich Countries Grew Substantially Faster Than Other Countries: Cumulative Growth in GNI per Capita, 1995-2013 -- Figure 1.3 Natural Resource Wealth in SSA Generally Translates into Higher GNI per Capita: GNI per Capita, by Country Classification, 2013 -- Figure 1.4 In SSA, Natural Resource Wealth Is Associated with Slightly Lower Poverty Rates: Share of the Population Living on Less Than US1.25, US2.50, and US5 a Day, Most Recent Data Available -- Figure 1.5 Resource Wealth Is Not Associated with Substantially Lower Poverty: Headcount Poverty Rates Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries at a Poverty Threshold of US2.50 a Day (Poverty Rates, by Country Category, after Controlling for GNI per C -- Figure 1.6 Workers in Industry Have Higher Levels of Education Than Workers in Agriculture or the Unpaid or Self-Employed Services Sector: Percentage of Workers at Each Education Level in Selected African Countries, by Type of Employment -- Figure 1.7 Resource-Rich Countries in SSA Fare Poorly on the Human Development Index: HDI and GNI per Capita, by Country Category, 2013 -- Figure 1.8 Patterns of Grade Completion Vary Dramatically across Countries: Grade Completion Rate (Proportion) among Young Persons Ages 15-19 Years, by Country -- Figure 1.9 In SSA, Resource-Rich Countries Have Worse Education Outcomes after Controlling for GNI per Capita: Education Outcomes Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, Overall and by Quintile -- Figure 1.10 Within-Country Inequalities in Health Indicators Can Be Very Large in SSA: Health Indicators in Selected Countries, by Quintile -- Figure 1.11 In SSA, Resource-Rich Countries Have Worse Health Indicators Than Other Countries after Controlling for GNI per Capita: Health Outcomes Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, Overall and by Quintile. ; Figure 1.12 Inequalities in Education and Health Indicators Are Worse in Oil-Rich SSA Countries -- Figure 1.13 Learning in Africa's Schools Is Lagging: Performance on the TIMSS Tests of Grade 8 Students in Selected Countries -- Figure 1.14 In SSA, Public Spending on Education and Health Is Lower in Oil-Rich Countries Than in Other Countries: Public Spending on Education and Health, Relative to Non-Resource-Rich SSA Countries, after Controlling for GNI per Capita -- Figure 1.15 Public Spending on Education Is Not Associated with Statistically Significantly Higher Levels of Grade 6 Completion in Resource-Rich SSA Countries: Association between Public Spending on Education and Education Outcomes, Controlling for Other -- Figure 1.16 Public Spending on Health Has Only a Weak Association with Better Health Indicators in Resource-Rich SSA Countries: Association between Public Spending on Health and Health Indicators, Controlling for Other Factors -- Figure 2.1 The Rationale for an Optimal Investment Portfolio -- Figure 2.2 Optimal Portfolio Composition for a Less Resource-Rich Country -- Figure 2.3 Complementarities between Human and Physical Capital -- Figure 3.1 Accountability Framework for Service Delivery in Resource-Rich Countries -- Figure 3.2 Resource-Rich Countries Are Poor Performers across Governance Indicators -- Figure 3.3 Public Trust in Institutions Is Lower and Less Budget Information Is Available in Resource-Rich SSA Countries -- Figure 3.4 In SSA, Accountability for Service Delivery Is Poor in Resource-Rich Countries -- Figure 3.5 Citizens' Dissatisfaction with the Provision of Public Health and Education Is High in SSA -- Figure 3.6 Public Spending on Education Is Only Weakly Correlated with Outcomes, 2010 -- Figure B3.4.1 Features of an Efficient Public Investment Management System. ; Figure 3.7 Mobile Phone Subscriptions Are Rising More Quickly in Resource-Rich Than in Non-Resource-Rich SSA: Mobile Phone Subscription Rate, 2000-13.
• Sommario/riassunto: Sub-Saharan Africa's natural resource-rich countries have poor human development. Children in these countries are more likely to die before their first birthday, more likely to be stunted, and less likely to attend school than children in other countries with similar income. Despite the current price downturn, extractives will remain an important part of Sub-Saharan Africa's growth story-using resource rents wisely remains a long term challenge. Governments must choose how to allocate resource rents between spending, investing in human or physical capital, or investing in global financial assets. The return to investing in physical and human capital will be high in countries where the capital stock is low. Moreover, higher levels of human capital make investments in physical capital more productive, which suggests that the optimal portfolio will involve investing in both. Human capital should be prioritized in many of Sub-Saharan Africa's resource-rich countries because of the low starting point. Investing effectively in human capital is hard because it involves delivering services, which means coordinating a large number of actors and activities. Three dimensions of governance are key: institutions, incentives and information. Decentralization and leveraging the private sector are entry points to reforming institutional structures. Revenues from natural resources can fund financial incentives to strengthen performance or demand. Producing information, making it available, and increasing social accountability helps citizens understand their rights and hold governments and providers accountable. Improving the quality of education and health services is central to improving human capital. Two additional areas are promising. First, early child development-mother and newborn health, and early child nutrition, care, and education-improves outcomes in childhood and later on. Second, cash transfers-either conditional or unconditional-reduce poverty, increase household investments in child education, nutrition, and health, and increase the investment in productive assets which foster further income generation.
• Titolo autorizzato: From Mines and Wells to Well-Built Minds
• ISBN: 1-4648-1006-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910960951703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: World Bank e-Library.