World Development Report 2013 : : Jobs

• Autore: Bank World
• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : The World Bank, , 2012
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (401 pages)
• Disciplina: 331.702
• Soggetto topico: Labor market; Labor policy; Occupations; Professions
• Persona (resp. second.): World Bank
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and data notes; Overview: Moving jobs center stage; Jobs wanted; Figures; 1 A job does not always come with a wage; 2 Among youth, unemployment is not always the issue; Development happens through jobs; 3 In China, employment growth is led by the private sector; 4 Jobs are transformational; 5 Jobs provide higher earnings and benefits as countries grow; 6 Jobs account for much of the decline in extreme poverty; 7 Simultaneous job creation and destruction characterize all economies; 8 Larger firms pay higher wages ; 9 The employment share of microenterprises is greater in developing countriesValuing jobs; 10 People who are unemployed, or do not have motivating jobs, participate less in society; 11 Views on preferred jobs and most important jobs differ; Jobs agendas are diverse . . . but connected; 12 Some jobs do more for development; 13 The individual and social values of jobs can differ; 14 Good jobs for development are not the same everywhere; Policies through the jobs lens; Maps; 1 Only in some countries are migrants a substantial share of the population ; 15 Manufacturing jobs have migrated away from high-income countries16 Three distinct layers of policies are needed; 17 Finance and electricity are among the top constraints faced by formal private enterprises; 18 Combining work and training increases the success rates of programs; 19 A decision tree can help set policy priorities; Boxes; 1 How does women's labor force participation increase?; 20 Which countries succeeded at addressing their jobs challenges and how?; Jobs are center stage, but where are the numbers?; Questions: When is the conventional wisdom right?; Notes; References ; 1 The jobs challengeA job, but not always a salary; 1.1 A job does not always come with a wage; Youth bulges, aging societies, and migrant nations; 1.2 Among youth, unemployment is not always the issue; Cities, wages, and women; 1.3 Employment growth is needed to cope with population growth; 1.1 The nature of work and leisure change as cities develop; 1.4 Moving from farms to cities does not always bring economic growth; Jobs are changing in surprising ways; 1.2 Jobs bring earnings opportunities to women, but also new difficulties; 1.5 Labor productivity remains low in developing countries ; Prosperity, but a changing distribution of earnings1.6 The skills mix changes with economic development; 1.3 The temporary staffing industry is growing in developing countries; 1.7 Jobs provide higher earnings and benefits as countries grow; The role of the private sector; Vulnerability on a global scale; 1.8 Wages in developing countries are catching up; 1.9 Returns to education are higher in poorer countries; 1.10 In China, employment growth is led by the private sector; 1.11 In developing countries, the crisis affected earnings more than employment ; 1.4 Responses to the crisis went beyond income support for the unemployed
• Sommario/riassunto: Jobs provide higher earnings and better benefits as countries grow, but they are also a driver of development. Poverty falls as people work their way out of hardship and as jobs empowering women lead to greater investments in children. Efficiency increases as workers get better at what they do, as more productive jobs appear, and less productive ones disappear. Societies flourish as jobs bring together people from different ethnic and social backgrounds and provide alternatives to conflict. Jobs are thus more than a byproduct of economic growth. They are transformational ?they are what we earn, what we do, and even who we are. High unemployment and unmet job expectations among youth are the most immediate concerns. But in many developing countries, where farming and self-employment are prevalent and safety nets are modest are best, unemployment rates can be low. In these countries, growth is seldom jobless. Most of their poor work long hours but simply cannot make ends meet. And the violation of basic rights is not uncommon. Therefore, the number of jobs is not all that matters: jobs with high development payoffs are needed. Confronted with these challenges, policy makers ask difficult questions. Should countries build their development strategies around growth, or should they focus on jobs? Can entrepreneurship be fostered, especially among the many microenterprises in developing countries, or are entrepreneurs born? Are greater investments in education and training a prerequisite for employability, or can skills be built through jobs? In times of major crises and structural shifts, should jobs, not just workers, be protected? And is there a risk that policies supporting job creation in one country will come at the expense of jobs in other countries? The World Development Report 2013: Jobs offers answers to these and other difficult questions by looking at jobs as drivers of development?not as derived labor demand?and by considering all types of jobs?not just formal wage employment. The Report provides a framework that cuts across sectors and shows that the best policy responses vary across countries, depending on their levels of development, endowments, demography, and institutions. Policy fundamentals matter in all cases, as they enable a vibrant private sector, the source of most jobs in the world. Labor policies can help as well, even if they are less critical than is often assumed. Development policies, from making smallholder farming viable to fostering functional cities to engaging in global markets, hold the key to success.
• Titolo autorizzato: World Development Report 2013
• ISBN: 0-8213-9576-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910820700303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: World Bank e-Library.; World Development Report