Vaccines for the 21st century : a tool for decisionmaking / / Kathleen R. Stratton, Jane S. Durch, and Robert S. Lawrence, editors ; Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c2000
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (472 p.)
• Disciplina: 615/.372/072073
• Soggetto topico: Vaccines - Research - United States - Planning; Immunization - Research - United States - Planning
• Altri autori: StrattonKathleen R DurchJane LawrenceRobert S. <1938->
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Vaccines for the 21st Century -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK -- ETHICAL ISSUES -- RESULTS -- OBSERVATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO THE MODEL AND THE STUDY -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- Charge to the Committee -- Committee Membership and Meetings -- Organization of the Report -- 2 Progress in Vaccine Development -- PRIORITIES OF THE IOM COMMITTEE IN 1985 -- LITIGATION AS A BARRIER TO VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- Immunization of Pregnant Women -- A CASE STUDY OF SUCCESS -- Disease Burden -- Polio Vaccine Development -- Advantages of Evolving Vaccine Strategies -- ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR VACCINES -- Fundamental Understanding of Helper T Cells for Antibody Versus CMI Responses, and for Cytotoxicity -- Major Advances in Mucosal Immunity -- Mucosal Immune System Organization -- Molecular Aspects of Virulence and Design of Recombinant Protein Vaccines -- Novel Vaccine Delivery Systems -- Recent Advances in Development of Novel Adjuvants -- Scientific Rationale for Vaccines against Autoimmune Diseases -- Immune Tolerance Induction -- Immune Deviation -- Receptor-Centered Regulation -- Targeting Cytokines or Their Receptors -- Viral Vectors in Autoimmune Therapy -- Preventive Vaccines for Autoimmune Diseases -- 3 Considerations of Candidate Vaccines -- EXCLUSION CRITERIA -- Insufficient Basic Science Information -- Existence of Appropriate Prevention Interventions -- International Burden of Disease -- ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR INCLUSION -- Therapeutic Vaccines -- Programmatic Considerations -- Delivery of Vaccines to Children -- Delivery of Vaccines to Adults -- Delivery of Vaccines to Pregnant Women -- 4 Overview of Analytic Approach and Results -- A COST-EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH. ; Reasons for Using Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- Limits of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- Ethical Issues -- Analytic Perspectives -- Time Horizon and Discounting -- MODEL OVERVIEW -- Health Benefits: The Denominator -- Quality Adjustments: Weighting -- Morbidity Scenarios -- Quality Adjustments for Average Population Health States -- Disease Incidence and Death Rates -- Time Intervals -- QALYs Gained with Vaccine Use -- Costs: The Numerator -- Cost of Research and Development -- Cost of Vaccine Use -- Health Care Costs -- Vaccine Efficacy and Utilization -- Cost-Effectiveness Ratios -- Exclusions from the Analysis -- EXAMPLES: HYPOTHETICAL VACCINE X -- Target Population -- Program Considerations -- Disease Severity -- Discounting -- An Idealized Scenario -- Summary -- RESULTS -- Challenges -- 5 Review of the Analytic Model -- UNIT OF ANALYSIS -- IMPLEMENTING THE ANALYSIS -- Basic Model -- Performing the Analysis -- CALCULATION OF HEALTH BENEFITS -- Quality-Adjusted Life Years -- Quality-Adjustment Weights Based on the Health Utilities Index -- Steps in the Calculation of Anticipated Health Benefits from Vaccine Use -- Develop Morbidity Scenarios -- Calculate Quality-Adjustment Weights -- Calculate Discounted Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancies -- Establish Age-Specific Incidence and Death Rates -- Calculate Time Intervals for Discounting Future Health Benefits -- Calculate Condition-Related Life Expectancies -- Adjust for the Underlying Health Status of the Population -- Calculate Discounted QALYs for Each Health State -- Calculate Total QALYs Gained with Vaccine Use -- COST FACTORS -- Vaccine Development -- Vaccine Use -- Cost of Care -- VACCINE EFFICACY AND UTILIZATION -- COST-EFFECTIVENESS RATIOS -- 6 Ethical Considerations and Caveats -- ETHICAL AND VALUE JUDGMENTS BUILT INTO THE MODEL -- All QALYs Count Equally. ; Years of Life at Different Ages Are Weighted by Quality -- The Value of Life Extension with and without Disabilities -- Discount Rates for Costs and Benefits -- Which Benefits and Costs Should Be Counted in the Prioritization Process? -- CONSIDERATIONS OF JUSTICE -- Small Benefits to Many Versus Large Benefits to a Few -- What Priority Should Be Given to the Worst-Off or Sickest? -- Fair Chances Versus Best Outcomes -- CONCLUSION -- 7 Observations -- THE FUNDING OF RESEARCH -- NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITIES FOR VACCINE R& -- D -- International Considerations -- Small Target Populations -- Liability Concerns -- QUALITATIVE JUDGMENTS -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONCERNS -- References -- APPENDIX 1 Borrelia burgdorferi -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 2 Chlamydia -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios: Women -- Disease Scenarios: Men -- Disease Scenarios: Infants -- COSTS INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 3 Coccidioides immitis -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 4 Cytomegalovirus -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 5 Enterotoxigenic E. coli -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios. ; COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 6 Epstein-Barr Virus -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 7 Helicobacter pylori -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 8 Hepatitis C -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 9 Herpes Simplex Virus -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- Oral Infections -- Ocular Infections -- Central Nervous System Infections -- Genital Infections -- Neonatal Infections -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- Oral and Ocular Infections -- Central Nervous System Infections -- Genital Infections -- Neonatal Infections -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 10 Histoplasma capsulatum -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 11 Human Papillomavirus -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT. ; VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 12 Influenza A and B -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 13 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 14 Melanoma -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 15 Multiple Sclerosis -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 16 Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 17 Neisseria gonorrhea -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT -- VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS -- Target Population -- Vaccine Schedule, Efficacy, and Costs -- RESULTS -- READING LIST -- APPENDIX 18 Neisseria meningitidis B -- DISEASE BURDEN -- Epidemiology -- Disease Scenarios -- COST INCURRED BY DISEASE -- VACCINE DEVELOPMENT. ; VACCINE PROGRAM CONSIDERATIONS.
• Altri titoli varianti: Vaccines for the twenty first century
• Titolo autorizzato: Vaccines for the 21st century
• ISBN: 9786610191840; 9780309174985; 0309174988; 9781280191848; 1280191848; 9780309564434; 0309564433
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910960560903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II