Understanding search engines / / Dirk Lewandowski

• Autore: Lewandowski Dirk
• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2023]; ©2023
• Edizione: 1st ed. 2023.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (297 pages)
• Disciplina: 025.04
• Soggetto topico: Internet searching; Search engines
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Introduction -- 1.1 The Importance of Search Engines -- 1.2 A Book About Google? -- 1.3 Objective of This Book -- 1.4 Talking About Search Engines -- 1.5 Structure of This Book -- 1.6 Structure of the Chapters and Markings in the Text -- 1.7 Summary -- References -- 2: Ways of Searching the Web -- 2.1 Searching for a Website vs. Searching for Information on a Topic -- Is Searching the Web Like Looking for a Needle in a Haystack? -- 2.2 What Is a Document? -- 2.3 Where Do People Search? -- 2.4 Different Pathways to Information on the World Wide Web -- 2.4.1 Search Engines -- The Concept of the Algorithmic Search Engine in the 1990s -- 2.4.2 Vertical Search Engines -- Examples of Vertical Search Engines -- 2.4.3 Metasearch Engines -- 2.4.4 Web Directories -- 2.4.5 Social Bookmarking Sites -- 2.4.6 Question-Answering Sites -- 2.4.7 Social Networking Sites -- 2.5 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 3: How Search Engines Capture and Process Content from the Web -- Is YouTube a Search Engine? -- Why Do Search Engines Only Search a Copy of the Web and Not the Web Itself? -- 3.1 The World Wide Web and How Search Engines Acquire Its Contents -- Which Pages of a Blog Are Documents? -- 3.2 Content Acquisition -- 3.3 Web Crawling: Finding Documents on the Web -- What Information Can a Crawler ``See´´? -- When Was the Last Time a Search Engine Visited a Document? -- 3.3.1 Guiding and Excluding Search Engines -- 3.3.2 Content Exclusion by Search Engine Providers -- 3.3.3 Building the Database and Crawling for Vertical Collections -- 3.4 The Indexer: Preprocessing Documents for Searching -- 3.4.1 Indexing Images, Audio, and Video Files -- 3.4.2 The Representation of Web Documents in Search Engines -- How Can Information from the Anchor Texts Help with Searching? -- 3.5 The Searcher: Understanding Queries -- 3.6 Summary. ; Further Reading -- References -- 4: User Interaction with Search Engines -- 4.1 The Search Process -- 4.2 Collecting Usage Data -- 4.3 Query Types -- 4.4 Sessions -- 4.5 Queries -- 4.5.1 Entering Queries -- 4.5.2 Autocomplete Suggestions -- 4.5.3 Query Formulation -- 4.5.4 Query Length -- 4.5.5 Distribution of Queries by Frequency -- How Often Are Particular Queries Made? -- 4.5.6 Query Trends -- 4.5.7 Using Operators and Commands for Specific Searches -- 4.6 Search Topics -- 4.7 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 5: Ranking Search Results -- What Should Be Counted as a Ranking Factor? -- 5.1 Groups of Ranking Factors -- 5.2 Text Statistics -- 5.2.1 Identifying Potentially Relevant Documents -- 5.2.2 Calculating Frequencies -- 5.2.3 Considering the Structural Elements of Documents -- 5.3 Popularity -- 5.3.1 Link-Based Rankings -- 5.3.1.1 PageRank -- 5.3.1.2 Development of Link-Based Rankings -- 5.3.2 Usage Statistics -- 5.3.2.1 Analyzing Clicks on Search Engine Result Pages -- 5.3.2.2 Collecting Data for Usage Statistics -- 5.3.2.3 Appraisal of Usage Statistics -- 5.4 Freshness -- 5.5 Locality -- 5.6 Personalization -- 5.7 Technical Ranking Factors -- 5.8 Ranking and Spam -- 5.9 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 6: Vertical Search -- 6.1 Vertical Search Engines as the Basis of Universal Search -- 6.2 Types of Vertical Search Engines -- Creating Your Own Vertical Search Engine with Google Custom Search -- 6.3 Collections -- 6.3.1 News -- 6.3.2 Scholarly Content -- 6.3.3 Images -- 6.3.4 Videos -- 6.4 Integrating Vertical Search Engines into Universal Search -- 6.5 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 7: Search Result Presentation -- 7.1 The Influence of Device Types and Screen Resolutions -- 7.2 The Structure of Search Engine Result Pages -- 7.3 Elements on Search Engine Result Pages -- 7.3.1 Organic Results. ; 7.3.2 Advertising -- 7.3.3 Universal Search Results -- 7.3.4 Knowledge Graph Results -- 7.3.5 Direct Answers -- 7.3.6 Integration of Transactions -- 7.3.7 Navigation Elements -- 7.3.8 Support for Query Modification -- 7.3.9 Search Options on the Result Page -- 7.4 The Structure of Snippets -- 7.5 Options Related to Single Results -- 7.6 Selection of Suitable Results -- 7.7 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 8: The Search Engine Market -- 8.1 Search Engines´ Business Model -- 8.2 The Importance of Search Engines for Online Advertising -- 8.3 Search Engine Market Shares -- 8.4 Important Search Engines -- 8.5 Partnerships in the Search Engine Market -- 8.6 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 9: Search Engine Optimization (SEO) -- 9.1 The Importance of Search Engine Optimization -- 9.2 Fundamentals of Search Engine Optimization -- 9.2.1 Content -- 9.2.2 Architecture -- 9.2.3 HTML -- 9.2.4 Trust -- 9.2.5 Links -- 9.2.6 User-Related Factors -- 9.2.7 Toxins -- 9.2.8 Vertical Search Engines -- 9.3 Search Engine Optimization and Spam -- 9.4 The Role of Ranking Updates -- 9.5 Search Engine Optimization for Special Collections -- 9.6 The Position of Search Engine Providers -- 9.7 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 10: Search Engine Advertising (SEA) -- 10.1 Specifics of Search Engine Advertising -- 10.2 Functionality and Ranking -- 10.3 Distinguishing Between Ads and Organic Results -- 10.4 Advertising in Universal Search Results -- 10.5 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 11: Alternatives to Google -- 11.1 Overlap Between Results from Different Search Engines -- 11.2 Why Should One Use a Search Engine Other Than Google? -- 11.2.1 Obtaining a ``Second Opinion´´ -- 11.2.2 More or Additional Results -- 11.2.3 Different Results -- 11.2.4 Better Results -- 11.2.5 Different Result Presentation -- 11.2.6 Different User Guidance. ; 11.2.7 Avoiding the Creation of User Profiles -- 11.2.8 Alternative Search Options -- 11.3 When Should One Use a Search Engine Other Than Google? -- 11.4 Particularities of Google due to Its Market Dominance -- 11.5 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 12: Search Skills -- 12.1 Source Selection -- 12.2 Selecting the Right Keywords -- 12.3 Boolean Operators -- Examples of How to Use Boolean Operators -- 12.4 Connecting Queries with Boolean Operators -- 12.5 Advanced Search Forms -- 12.6 Commands -- When Should One Use the Advanced Search Form, and When Should One Qualify the Query with Commands or Operators? -- Queries That Google Cannot Answer -- 12.7 Complex Searches -- 12.8 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 13: Search Result Quality -- 13.1 Criteria for Evaluating Texts on the Web -- 13.2 Human vs. Machine Inspection of Quality -- 13.3 Scientific Evaluation of Search Result Quality -- 13.3.1 Standard Test Design of Retrieval Effectiveness Studies -- 13.3.2 Measuring Retrieval Effectiveness Using Click-Through Data -- 13.3.3 Evaluation in Interactive Information Retrieval -- 13.4 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 14: The Deep Web -- 14.1 The Content of the Deep Web -- 14.2 Sources vs. Content from Sources, Accessibility of Content via the Web -- Which Offering Belongs in Which Area? -- 14.3 The Size of the Deep Web -- 14.4 Areas of the Deep Web -- 14.5 Social Media as Deep Web Content -- 14.6 What Role Does the Deep Web Play Today? -- 14.7 Summary -- Further Reading -- References -- 15: Search Engines Between Bias and Neutrality -- 15.1 The Interests of Search Engine Providers -- 15.2 Search Engine Bias -- 15.3 The Effect of Search Engine Bias on Search Results -- 15.4 Interest-Driven Presentation of Search Results -- 15.5 What Would ``Search Neutrality´´ Mean? -- 15.6 Summary -- Further Reading -- References. ; 16: The Future of Search -- 16.1 Search as a Basic Technology -- 16.2 Changes in Queries and Documents -- 16.3 Better Understanding of Documents and Queries -- 16.4 The Economic Future of Search Engines -- 16.5 The Societal Future of Search Engines -- 16.6 Summary -- References -- Glossary -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book provides a broad introduction to search engines by integrating five different perspectives on Web search and search engines that are usually dealt with separately: the technical perspective, the user perspective, the internet-based research perspective, the economic perspective, and the societal perspective. After a general introduction to the topic, two foundational chapters present how search tools can cover the Web’s content and how search engines achieve this by crawling and processing the found documents. The next chapter on user behavior covers how people phrase their search queries and interact with search engines. This knowledge builds the foundation for describing how results are ranked and presented. The following three chapters then deal with the economic side of search engines, i.e., Google and the search engine market, search engine optimization (SEO), and the intermingling of organic and sponsored search results. Next, the chapter on search skills presents techniques for improving searches through advanced search interfaces and commands. Following that, the Deep Web and how its content can be accessed is explained. The two subsequent chapters cover ways to improve the quality of search results, while the next chapter describes how to access the Deep Web. Last but not least, the following chapter deals with the societal role of search engines before the final chapter concludes the book with an outlook on the future of Web search. With this book, students and professionals in disciplines like computer science, online marketing, or library and information science will learn how search engines work, what their main shortcomings are at present, and what prospects there are for their further development. The different views presented will help them to understand not only the basic technologies but also the implications the current implementations have concerning economic exploitation and societal impact.
• Titolo autorizzato: Understanding Search Engines
• ISBN: 9783031227899; 9783031227882
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 996547953503316
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno