The pineal gland and melatonin [[electronic resource] ] : recent advances in development, imaging, disease and treatment / / Mehmet Turgut and Raj Kumar, editors

• Pubblicazione: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2012
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (492 p.)
• Disciplina: 612.4/9
• Soggetto topico: Pineal gland; Melatonin; Pineal gland - Diseases
• Altri autori: TurgutMehmet KumarRaj
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- THE PINEAL GLAND AND MELATONIN RECENT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT, IMAGING, DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- THE PINEAL GLAND AND MELATONIN RECENT ADVANCES IN DEVELOPMENT, IMAGING, DISEASE AND TREATMENT -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- The Allegory of the Kônarion: A Philosophical History of the Pineal Organ from Galen to Descartes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Galenic Assumptions -- The Medieval Pineal Organ -- The Cartesian Pineal Paradigm -- Conclusion -- References -- Pineal Oculopotency: Factors and Developmental Milieu for Pineal Cell Differentiation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Development of Avian Pineal Organs and Inductive Tissue Interaction -- 3. Pineal Retinopotency in Cell Culture of the Developing Rat -- 3.1. Differentiation of Rod Cell in Rat Pineal Culture -- 3.2. Differentiation of Neuronal Cells and Other Type of Cells in Rat Pineal Culture -- 4. Pineal Retinopotency in Cell Culture of the Avian Embryos -- 4.1. Regulation of Different Types of Photoreceptor Differentiation in Avian Pineal Cultures -- 4.2. Differentiation of Neuronal and Endocrinal Cells in Avian Pineal Culture -- 5. Pineal Oculopotency and Regulatory Factors -- 5.1. Lens Cell Differentiation -- 5.2. Differentiation of Pigment Epithelial Cells -- 5.3. Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers -- 6. Pineal Retinopotency Revealed by Reaggregated 3D-Spheres from Developing Pineal Cells -- Conclusive Remarks and Perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Anatomy of the Human Pineal Gland -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Anatomy of the Human Pineal Gland -- Internal Structure of the Human Pineal Gland -- Blood Supply of the Human Pineal Gland -- A. Pineal Arteries -- Medial Posterior Choroidal Artery -- Collicular Artery -- Superior Cerebellar Artery -- Posterior Pericallosal Artery -- B. Pineal Veins. ; Neural Innervation of the Human Pineal Gland -- A. Sympathetic Innervation -- B. Parasympathetic Innervation -- Structures Surrounding the Pineal Gland -- A. Neural Structures Surrounding the Pineal Gland -- B. Subarachnoid Cisterns Surrounding the Pineal Gland -- References -- Development and Histology of the Pineal Gland in Humans -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Melatonin -- Embryology of Human Pineal Gland -- Histology of the Pineal Gland -- The Cells of Pineal Gland -- Pinealocyte -- Interstitial Cells -- Perivascular Phagocytes -- Neurons -- Peptidergic Neuron-Like Cells -- Pineal Gland in Mammalian Fetus -- Histology of the Pineal Gland in the Elderly Human -- References -- The Vascular Architectural and Functional Features in the Pineal Gland -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Vascular Architectural Features -- Pineal Arteries -- Pineal Veins -- Internal Vasculature of the Pineal Gland -- Functional Features -- Barrier Function -- Secretory Function -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Pineal Gland, Melatonin and Hypoxia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Development of the Pineal Gland -- Cells in the Pineal Gland -- Changes in the Pineal Gland in Hypoxic Injury -- Hypoxic Injury and the Central Nervous System -- Melatonin, Blood-Brain Barrier and Edema -- Melatonin and Hypoxic Injury to the Developing Brain -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Pineal Gland: Neurobiology, Physiology and Molecular Pathways -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pineal Gland Neurobiology -- Pineal Gland Physiology -- Molecular Pathways of Pineal Gland -- Biological Significance of the Pineal Gland and the Melatonin -- Circadian and Seasonal Cycle Regulation -- Antioxidant Function of Melatonin -- Immune Response of Melatonin -- Conclusion -- References -- Melatonin and Sleep -- Abstract -- Biologic Rhythms, Melatonin and Sleep. ; Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders and Melatonin -- Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome -- Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome -- Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Cycles in Blind Individuals -- Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm (ISWR) -- Time Zone Change (Jet Lag) -- Night Shift Work -- Older Individuals -- Pharmacologic Treatment -- Chronobiotic Effects -- Hypnotic Effects -- Side Effects -- References -- Melatonin and Ocular Physiology -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Light Control of Pineal Melatonin Secretion -- Melatonin Synthesis and Receptors -- Melatonin Synthesis and Action within the Eye -- The Retina -- Intraocular Pressure -- The Lens -- The Cornea -- The Sclera -- The Choroid -- Tear Film -- Conclusions -- References -- Melatonin and its Role in the Inflammatory Processes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Melatonin and Inflammatory Cells -- Melatonin and Cytokines -- Melatonin and Inflammation -- Melatonin and Inflammatory Enzymes -- Melatonin in Injury and Repair -- Melatonin and Inflammatory Diseases -- Conclusion -- References -- Role of Pineal Melatonin in Gastroprotection -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Pineal Gland and Melatonin as the Important Mediators of the Gastric Secretion and Gastric Mucosal Integrity -- Mechanism of the Gastroprotective and Ulcer Healing Actions of Melatonin. Role of Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Nitric Oxide (NOS) Synthase Products -- Importance of Brain-Gut Axis and Pineal Gland in the Gastroprotection and Ulcer Healing by Melatonin and L-Tryptophan -- Interaction of Exogenous and Endogenous Melatonin with Specific Melatonin Receptors and GIT Hormones in the Mechanism of Ulcer Healing -- References -- Possible Therapeutic Value of Melatonin in Alzheimer's Disease -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Melatonin and Alzheimer's Disease -- Melatonin and Amyloid-Β: Antioxidant, Antifibrillogenic and Cytoskeletal Effects. ; Melatonin Levels in Alzheimer's Disease -- Sleep-Wake and Circadian Rhythm Abnormalities in AD Patients -- Melatonin as a Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer's Disease -- Melatonin in Mild Cognitive Impairment -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Melatonin as an Adjuvant Agent in Treatment of Malignant Tumours -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Anti-Oxydative Activity of Melatonin -- Receptor-Mediated Activity of Melatonin -- Immunostimulatory Activity of Melatonin -- Effect of Melatonin on Tumour Cells in Experimental Studies -- Studies Conducted In Vitro -- Studies on Experimental Animals -- Attempts to Apply Melatonin in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy in Humans -- Attempts to Apply Melatonin in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy -- Protective Activity of Melatonin during Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy -- References -- The Pineal Gland, Melatonin and Scoliosis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Scoliosis - Pinealectomy and Melatonin -- Anatomic Similarities and Differences between Animal Models and Idiopathic Scoliosis -- Genetic Considerations in Animal Models and Idiopathic Scoliosis -- Melatonin and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis -- Melatonin and Calmodulin -- Melatonin, Growth and Maturation -- Melatonin, Osteoblasts and Osteoporosis -- Idiopathic Scoliosis and Brain Dysfunction/Lesions -- Conclusions -- References -- Clinical Signs of the Pineal Tumors -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Intracranial Hypertension Signs -- 1. Headaches -- 2. Nausea and Vomiting -- 3. Visual Disturbances -- 4. Miscellaneous -- Eye Signs in Pineal Region Tumors -- 1. Functional Anatomy of the Mesencephalon -- 2. Parinaud Syndrome -- 3. Argyll-Robertson Syndrome -- 4. Nystagmus Retractorius -- 5. Other Ocular Signs -- Endocrinal Disorders in Pineal Tumors -- 1. Diabetes Insipidus -- 2. Precocious Puberty -- 3. Central Hypogonadism -- 4. Miscellaneous. ; Non-Specific Signs in Pineal Tumors -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Imaging of Pineal Region -- Abstract -- Introduction -- I. Imaging Methods and Radiological Features of Pineal Gland -- II. Radiological Anatomy -- III. Classification of Pineal Lesions -- 1. Developmental and Metabolic Abnormalities -- 2. Nonneoplastic Masses -- 3. Primary Tumors of Pineal Gland -- A) Tumors of Germ Cell Origin -- I). Tumors with Embryonic Differentiation -- II) Tumors with Extraembryonic Differentiation -- B) Tumors of Pineal Parenchyma -- C) Neoplasms of Supporting Elements or Adjacent Tissues -- 4. Systemic Tumors Affecting the Pineal Gland -- 5. Vascular Lesions -- 6. Infectious, Inflammatory and Granulomatous Diseases -- References -- Pineal Apoplexy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Clinical Presentation -- Risk Factors -- Differential Diagnosis -- Imaging Findings -- Management Options and Outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- Pineal Cysts -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Imaging -- Pathology -- Clinical Findings -- Natural History -- Management -- References -- Epidermoid Cysts of the Pineal Region -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Clinical Features -- Radiological Diagnosis -- Embryology, Pathology and Surgical Considerations -- Surgical Treatment -- Outcome -- Summary of Our Experience -- Clinical Presentation -- Radiological Features -- Surgery -- Outcome Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Pineal Region Tumors with Special References to Benign Tumors of the Pineal Region -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Neuroanatomy -- Classification of Pineal Tumors -- Germ-cell Tumors -- Pineal Parenchymal Tumors -- Other Lesions -- Tumors of the Supporting Tissue -- Pineal Cyst -- Histology -- Low-grade Astrocytoma -- Oligodendroglioma -- Meningioma -- Lipoma -- Teratoma -- Hemangioblastoma -- Choroid Plexus Neoplasm. ; Clinical Presentation.
• Titolo autorizzato: The pineal gland and melatonin
• ISBN: 1-62081-807-8
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910829197503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Endocrinology research and clinical developments.