The Post-American Middle East : How the World Changed Where the War on Terror Failed

• Autore: Lambert Laurent A
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2023; ©2023
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (287 pages)
• Disciplina: 327.56073
• Altri autori: ElayahMoosa
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- Why This Book? -- A New Era -- 9/11/2001 and the War on Terror -- Structure of This Book -- References -- Part I War, Expanding Chaos & -- Failed State-Building Across the Middle East -- 2 Afghanistan Since 2001: US Geostrategic Ambitions, a Failed State, and the Return of the Taliban -- Afghanistan: Why Did Nothing Go as Planned? -- "To War, Not to Court". 9/11 and the Rush to War -- First US Strikes, Capture of Kabul by the Northern Alliance, Bin Laden Disappears -- The Social and "Liberal" War in Afghanistan: Creating a Society via Military Power? -- 2002-2010: State-Building, Society-Building: How to "Liberalize" Afghan Society? -- 2010-2011. The Battle of Marjah: The Victory of the Generals? -- 2011-2021. Leaving Afghanistan (The Least Damaging Way Possible) -- The Institutionalization of Instability: The Afghan State Since 2001 -- Back to the Bonn Legacy: Depoliticizing State Reforms, Overlooking Elite Politics -- The Puzzle of State Capacity-State Failure -- International Donors: Centralizing the State-Bypassing the State -- From State Failure to Regime Illegitimacy: Democratic Disenchantment -- Democratic Ambitions in Absence of Elite Settlement -- The Failure of Electoral Democracy -- Accounting for the Resurgence of the Taliban Movement -- Re-Anchoring the Taliban Phenomenon in State-Society Relations -- Overtaking the State, Acting Like a State -- Conclusion -- 3 Iraq 2003-2007, Geopolitics of an Imperial Democratization -- Introduction: Debating American Imperialism in Iraq (2003-2007) -- Going to Iraq (2001-2002) -- Changing the Rationale of War and the Neoconservative Influence -- How to Define the American Empire? -- Acknowledging the Empire. ; A New Imperial Discourse of Concrete Actions on the Ground-Not Just a Moral Discourse -- From the Ideological "Imperial Project" (2001) to the "Imperial Moment" on the Ground in Iraq (2003) -- Was (Also) the Invasion of Iraq a War for Oil? -- Why the Invasion: The Main Categories of Classical Explanations Are Insufficient in the Case of Iraq -- Firdos Square, Baghdad, April 9, 2003: The "Benevolent Empire" on the Ground -- The Failure of the Imperial Moment in Iraq: Social Collapse (2003), the Battle of Fallujah (2004), and the Final Surge as the End of the American Moment (2007) -- 2003-2004: Social, Economic, and Political Collapse in Occupied Iraq -- The Battle for Fallujah (2004): Regaining Control by Stabilizing the "Sunni Triangle" -- "The Surge" (2007): The End of the American Imperial Moment in Iraq -- Conclusion: On the "Impotence of Power" or Powerlessness of Power in the Middle East -- 4 The Quasi-Legal Foundations of Rebel Oil Governance: The Case of the Houthis in Yemen -- Introduction -- The Crimi-Legal Logics of Rebel Oil Governance -- Oil and Houthi Rule in Northern Yemen -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Wars Against Terror in Oil Lands, Russian Interventions, and Chinese Energy Policies: The Case of Northern Iraq and Syria -- Introduction -- The Fragile Context of Syria, from Small Oil Exporter to Energy Pauper -- The Iraqi Oil, Grand Geopolitics and Production Challenges -- The Failed 2003 Liberation of Iraq's Oil -- China's Energy Policies, Foreign Infrastructure Development, and Implications for Iraq -- Scenario Analysis and Framework -- Results of the Energy Scenarios Analysis -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Part II Indirect Consequences of the War on Terror and Legacy -- 6 Violence, Political Instabilities and Large-Scale Migrations in the MENA Region: Libyan, Syrian, and Yemeni Cases in Regional Perspective -- Introduction. ; I-The Multiple Push Factors Behind MENA Migrations -- Violence and Political Legacy of the War on Terror -- II-Effects of the Migration Policies of the EU, Turkey, and the Gulf States on Migrations from Libya, Syria, and Yemen -- From European Dream to EU Policing -- Mass Migrations and EU-Turkey Relations -- EU-Libyan Engagement -- Criminalisation and the Fear of Radicalisation/Terrorism -- KSA and the Gulf States: Labour Migrations, No Refugees, and Forced Yemeni Returns -- The Case of Yemen and Saudi Arabia -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 Overcoming Jihadism in Arabia: Preventing Violent Extremism Policies in the Gulf Monarchies -- Introduction -- Setting the Context -- Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) in the Literature -- Methodological Approach and Data Collected -- Policies and Institutions in the GCC -- The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia -- The State of Qatar -- Kuwait -- The United Arab Emirates -- Bahrain -- The Sultanate of Oman -- Discussion and Findings -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 Trump and Netanyahu's Failed Palestine Sell-Out: 'A Hate Plan, Not a Peace Plan' -- Introduction -- Imperialistic Genealogy of the 'Deal of the Century' -- 'A Significant Concession' -- 'Woe to the Vanquished' -- Mixed Reactions to the Deal -- Conclusion -- 9 Geopolitical Polarization, Natural Gas, and Regional Energy (Dis-)Integration in the Middle East and North Africa -- Introduction -- Demand, Cooperation, and Tensions Around Natural Gas in the Middle East and Beyond -- Regional Energy Cooperation, Integration, and Economic Benefits -- The Weaponization of Natural Gas -- East Mediterranean Gas, New Dynamics, and the Institutionalization of Tensions -- Geopolitical Background and the Role of Natural Gas in East-Med Tensions -- When Geopolitics Dictates Politics and Policies -- Escalations in Maritime and Diplomatic Disputes Over Gas Resources. ; Turkey and Cyprus -- Israel and Lebanon -- Drivers of Tensions Surrounding Natural Gas in the Region -- The Demographic Factor and Boom in Regional Natural Gas Demand -- Non-mutually Agreed Operations and Pipeline Politics Exacerbate Old Tensions -- The Problematic Compositions of the New Gas Fora in a Period of US-Sponsored Polarization -- Duplication of a Gas Forum Despite Limited Reserves Among EMGF Member Countries -- Conclusion -- References -- 10 Conclusions -- The Four Why.s of the WOT Failure from a Middle East Perspective -- The Uncertain Post-American Middle East -- Joint Threat from China and Russia to the US Role in the Region -- New Priorities -- References -- Annex A: Detailed Description of the Methodology for Chinese-Iraqi Energy Forecasting -- First Scenario: The Energy Transition Scenario -- Second Scenario: Energy Diversification of Suppliers -- Diversification of Energy Supplier -- Third Scenario: Business as Usual Scenario -- Evaluation Matrix.
• Titolo autorizzato: The Post-American Middle East
• ISBN: 3-031-29912-4
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910731461903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II