Sustainable materials and systems for water desalination / / Inamuddin, Anish Khan, editors

• Pubblicazione: Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]; ©2021
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (258 pages)
• Disciplina: 628.1670286
• Soggetto topico: Saline water conversion - Technological innovations
• Persona (resp. second.): Inamuddin <1980->; KhanAnish
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Natural Zeolites for Seawater Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Natural Zeolite Chemistry -- 2.1 The Major Difference Between Natural and Synthesis Zeolites -- 2.2 The Relative Abundance of Naturals Zeolites -- 2.3 Desalination -- 2.3.1 Reverse Osmosis (RO) -- 2.3.2 Thermal-Based Processes -- 2.3.3 Zeolite-Based Systems -- Synthetic Zeolites-Reverse Osmosis -- Synthetic Zeolites-Pervaporation -- Synthetic Zeolites-Ion Exchange -- Natural Zeolites-Pervaporation -- Natural Zeolites-Ion Exchange -- 3 The Future Perspectives of Seawater Desalination Using Natural Zeolites -- 3.1 Membranes -- 3.2 Ion Exchange -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2 Desalination Using Electrodialysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Design of ED Cell -- 2.1 Pre-treatment System -- 2.2 Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 2.2.1 Homogeneous Membrane -- 2.2.2 Heterogeneous Membrane -- 2.2.3 Special Ion-Exchange Membranes -- 2.2.4 IEMs Properties and Characterization -- 2.3 Spacers -- 2.4 Electrodes -- 2.4.1 DSA Preparation -- 2.4.2 Characterization -- 2.5 Solution Pumping System -- 3 Post-treatment -- 4 Electrodialysis Reversal -- 5 Advanced Applications -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Membrane Fouling in Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Membrane -- 3 Membrane Fouling -- 3.1 Inorganic Fouling (Scaling) -- 3.2 Organic Fouling -- 3.3 Colloidal Fouling -- 3.4 Biofouling -- 4 Rectifying Approaches -- 4.1 Membrane Cleaning -- 4.2 Membrane Modification -- 4.2.1 More Hydrophilic Membranes Fabrication (Blending) -- Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) -- Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) Membranes -- 4.2.2 Modification of the Membrane Surface -- Coating -- Grafting -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Zeolite Membranes for Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Zeolites: Properties and Applications. ; 3 Zeolite Membrane Preparation -- 4 Zeolite Membranes in Desalination Process -- 5 Conclusions and Future Outlook -- References -- 5 Integrating Desalination Systems -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Various Types of the Integrated Desalination System -- 2.1 Renewable Desalination -- 2.2 Solar Desalination Technologies -- 2.2.1 Solar Still -- 2.2.2 Solar Thermal Collectors -- 2.2.3 Membrane-Based Hybrid Solar Photovoltaics -- 2.2.4 Portable and Micro-desalination Based on Electrodialysis -- 2.2.5 Forward Osmosis, Pressure-Retarded Osmosis, and Other Hybridized System -- 2.2.6 Electrodialysis and Other Hybridized Method -- 2.2.7 Hybrid Membrane Distillation and Related Desalination -- 2.2.8 Nano-enabled Desalination -- 2.2.9 Other Interesting Methods for Future Potentiality -- 3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6 Reverse Osmosis Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Fundamentals of Reverse Osmosis -- 1.2 Basic Mechanisms of Reverse Osmosis Process -- 2 Preparation of Membranes and Membrane Modules -- 2.1 Preparation of Membranes -- 2.2 Membrane Configuration -- 2.2.1 Plate and Frame Configuration -- 2.2.2 Spiral-Wound Configuration -- 2.2.3 Tubular Configuration -- 2.2.4 Hollow Fibre Configuration -- 2.2.5 Comparison of Membrane Configurations -- 3 Role of Feed Water Chemistry in Reverse Osmosis Desalination -- 3.1 Feed Characteristics -- 3.2 Scaling and Fouling -- 3.3 Chemical Deterioration -- 3.4 Corrosion -- 4 Seawater Intake System -- 5 Pretreatment of Seawater for RO Desalination -- 5.1 Particulate and Foulant Removal -- 5.2 Scale Control -- 5.3 Chemical Control -- 5.4 Monitoring of Pretreatment System Performance -- 5.4.1 Fouling Potential -- 5.4.2 Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) -- 6 High-Pressure Pump and Energy Recovery Devices -- 6.1 High-Pressure Pumps -- 6.2 Energy Recovery Devices -- 7 Membrane Module Dispensation. ; 7.1 Terminologies Normally Used in Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants -- 7.2 Performance Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Element -- 7.2.1 Effect of Pressure and Temperature -- 7.2.2 Membrane Element, Module, and Bank -- 7.2.3 Stages and Passes -- 7.3 Post Treatment -- 8 Design Methodology for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants -- 9 Brackish Water Desalination -- 10 Operation and Maintenance -- 10.1 Membrane Cleaning -- 11 Environmental Aspects -- 12 Economics of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants -- 13 Future Direction and Expectations -- 14 Conclusions -- References -- 7 Desalination by Membrane Distillation -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Membrane Distillation Configurations -- 2.1 Direct Contact Membrane Distillation -- 2.2 Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation -- 2.3 Air Gap Membrane Distillation -- 2.4 Vacuum Membrane Distillation -- 3 Membrane Distillation Modules -- 3.1 Tubular -- 3.2 Plate and Frame -- 3.3 Hollow Fiber -- 3.4 Spiral-Wound -- 4 Applications in Water Desalination -- 4.1 Brackish Groundwater -- 4.2 Seawater -- 4.3 Produced Water -- 5 Recent Advances -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Nuclear Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nuclear Energy -- 3 Nuclear Reactors -- 4 Technologies for Nuclear Desalination -- 4.1 Membrane Technologies -- 4.1.1 Electrodialysis -- 4.1.2 Reverse Osmosis (RO) -- 4.1.3 Membrane Distillation -- 4.2 Thermal Technologies -- 4.2.1 Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) -- 4.2.2 Multiple-Effect Desalination (MED) -- 5 Nuclear Desalination -- 5.1 Nuclear Reactors Types for Desalination -- 5.2 Nuclear Reactors Coupled Desalination Processes -- 5.2.1 Nuclear Reactor Coupling with MSF and MED -- 5.2.2 Nuclear Reactor Coupling with RO -- 5.2.3 Nuclear Desalination via Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) -- 6 Commercialization of Nuclear Desalination -- 7 Trends in Hybrid Nuclear Desalination. ; 8 Environmental Impacts of Nuclear Desalination -- 8.1 Coastal Impacts -- 8.2 Marine Impacts -- 8.3 Atmospheric Impacts -- 8.4 Socio-Economic Impacts -- 9 Public Health Implications for Nuclear Desalination -- 10 Environmental Monitoring and Planning: -- 11 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Desalination Battery -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definition and Classification of Desalination Batteries -- 2.1 NMO Desalination Battery -- 2.1.1 Ag/AgCl as an Anionic Electrode -- 2.1.2 PPy/PPyCl as an Anionic Electrode -- 2.2 NTP Desalination Battery -- 2.2.1 Ag/AgCl as a Cationic Electrode -- 2.2.2 Bi/BiOCl as a Cationic Electrode -- 2.3 KFCN Desalination Battery -- 2.4 NASICON Desalination Battery -- 2.4.1 C and Pt/C as Anionic and Cationic Electrodes -- 2.4.2 C as a Cationic Electrode -- 2.5 CUFCN Desalination Battery -- 2.6 Redox-PSQ Desalination Battery -- 2.7 BDI Desalination Battery -- 2.7.1 CuHCFs as Electrodes -- 2.7.2 NaNiHCF and NaFeHCF as Electrodes -- 2.7.3 FMN-Na and TEMPO as Electrodes -- 2.7.4 NVP and CNT as Electrodes -- 2.7.5 Ag and NiHCF as Electrodes -- 2.7.6 Ag and AgCl as Electrodes -- 2.7.7 C and Pt as Electrodes -- 2.7.8 C and Stainless Steel as Electrodes -- 2.8 MA Desalination Battery -- 3 Properties of Desalination Batteries and Future Approaches -- 4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Carbon Nanotubes Composite Membrane for Water Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Membrane Technology -- 3 CNT Materials -- 3.1 Fabrication of CNT Membranes -- 3.1.1 Vertically Aligned CNTs (VACNTs) Membranes -- 3.1.2 Transverse or Horizontally Aligned CNTs -- 3.1.3 Mixed Matrix Membranes -- 4 Application of CNT Membranes in Desalination -- 5 Challenges, Perspective, and Future Direction -- 6 Conclusion -- Conflicts of Interest -- References. ; 11 Integrated Desalination Systems Coupled with Nuclear Reactors -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Desalination -- 1.2 Nuclear Energy -- 1.3 Common Types of Reactors Used for Electricity and Desalination -- 2 Nuclear Reactors Coupling with Desalination Plants -- 2.1 Nuclear Reactors-Desalination Plants Coupling Technologies -- 2.1.1 Coupling of Dual-Purpose Reactor with Thermal Distillation Units (MED or MSF) -- 2.1.2 Coupling of Heat-Only Reactor with Thermal Distillation Units -- 2.1.3 Dual Purpose Nuclear Plant Coupling to RO Preheat System -- 2.1.4 Nuclear Power Plant Coupling with a Hybrid Thermal-Mechanical Desalination Plant -- 3 Safety and Licensing Issues -- 4 Economic Assessment -- 5 Summary -- References -- 12 Carbon-Based Materials for Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Carbon Nanotube -- 3 Graphene -- 4 Graphene Oxide -- 5 Activated Carbon -- 6 Carbon Nanofibres -- 7 MXene -- 8 Fullerene -- 9 Conclusions -- References -- 13 Microbial Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Principles Involved in the Process of Desalination -- 2.1 Air Cathode Microbial Desalination Cell -- 2.2 Biocathode Microbial Desalination Cell -- 2.3 Stack-Structure Microbial Desalination Cell -- 2.4 Microbial Electrodialysis Cell -- 2.5 Microbial Electrolysis Desalination and Chemical-Production Cell -- 2.6 Microbial Capacitive Desalination Cell -- 2.7 Upflow Microbial Desalination Cell -- 2.8 Osmotic Microbial Desalination Cell -- 2.9 Submerged Microbial Desalination-Denitrification Cell -- 2.10 Principles Entailed in the Process of Desalination -- 3 Conclusion and Future Recommendation to Knowledge -- References -- 14 Graphene Composite Membrane for Water Desalination -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Water Desalination Membranes: A Challenging Effect -- 3 Physicochemical Synthesis of Graphene and Its Properties -- 4 Preparation of GO. ; 5 Preparation of GO Membrane.
• Titolo autorizzato: Sustainable Materials and Systems for Water Desalination
• ISBN: 3-030-72873-0
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910502624303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Advances in science, technology & innovation.