Solar Energy Concentrators : Essentials and Applications

• Autore: Altalhi Tariq
• Pubblicazione: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (324 pages)
• Disciplina: 621.472
• Soggetto topico: Solar concentrators; Solar energy
• Altri autori: LuqmanMohammad
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Basics of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Solar Tracking Systems (STS) -- 1.2.1 Types of Solar Trackers Based on Techniques -- 1.2.2 Passive Solar Tracker -- 1.2.3 Active Solar Tracker Active -- 1.2.3.1 The Single Axis of the Solar Tracker -- 1.2.3.2 Dual-Axis System Solar Tracker -- 1.2.4 Chronological Solar Tracker -- 1.3 Azimuth-Elevation Sun-Tracker -- 1.3.1 Steps of Evaluation of the Azimuth Angle -- 1.3.2 Sun-Tracking Angles -- 1.3.3 Coordinate Transformation -- 1.3.4 The Incident Sunray and Ray/Plane Algorithm -- 1.3.5 Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) -- 1.3.6 Layout Configuration -- 1.3.7 Annual Energy Generation -- 1.4 Solar Radiation Models (SR Model) -- 1.4.1 Global, Direct, Diffuse Model SR -- 1.4.1.1 Ground-Albedo -- 1.4.2 Isotropic Models -- 1.4.3 Anisotropic Models -- 1.4.4 Liu and Jordan Model (LJ) -- 1.4.5 Koronakis Model (K.O.) -- 1.4.6 Hay and Davies Model (HD) -- 1.4.7 Hay and Davies, Klucher, and Reindl Models (HDKR) -- 1.5 The Axis of Symmetry by the Concentrator's Focus on the Radiation Receiver -- 1.5.1 Relationship Between Coordinates of Ray Incidence Points on the Reflecting Surface and the Radiation Receiver -- 1.5.2 For the Upper Semi-Half, the Distribution Ratio of Concentration -- 1.5.3 For the Lower Semi-Half, the Distribution Ratio of the Concentrator -- 1.5.4 Optical Efficiency (çdis) -- 1.5.5 Analysis of Concentrator Design -- 1.6 Computing the Efficiency of Electricity and Heat by Using Different Models -- 1.6.1 Planar Solar Energy Systems -- 1.6.2 Biaxial Models -- 1.6.2.1 Drawback of the Model -- 1.6.3 Annual Direct Irradiation -- 1.7 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 2 Solar Energy Concentrator-Based Theories -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Photovoltaic Energy Conversion. ; 2.1.2 Solar Energy Concentrator (SEC) -- 2.2 Solar Energy Concentrator-Based Theory -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 3 Principles of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 3.1 Solar Energy Concentrator -- 3.1.1 Solar Energy Across the Entire Electromagnetic Spectrum -- 3.2 Components of Solar Concentrators -- 3.2.1 Primary Concentrators -- 3.2.2 Secondary Concentrators -- 3.2.3 Receiving Energy Collectors -- 3.3 Properties of Solar Concentrator Material -- 3.4 Working Principle of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 3.5 Types of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 3.5.1 Parabolic Concentrators -- 3.5.1.1 Parabolic Trough Concentrators -- 3.5.1.2 Parabolic Dish Concentrators -- 3.5.2 Hyperboloid Solar Concentrators -- 3.5.3 Fresnel Lens Concentrators -- 3.5.3.1 Fresnel Lens Imaging Solar Concentrators -- 3.5.3.2 Non-Imaging Solar Concentrators with Fresnel Lenses -- 3.5.4 Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs) -- 3.5.5 Dielectric Totally Internally Reflecting Concentrators (DTIRCs) -- 3.5.6 Flat High-Concentrated Devices -- 3.5.7 Quantum Dot Concentrators (QDCs) -- 3.6 Absorption Coefficients for Selected Carrier Materials -- 3.7 Thermodynamic Limits -- 3.8 Properties of Quantum Dots -- 3.9 Optical Limits of Quantum Dot Concentrators (QDCs) -- 3.9.1 Optical Absorption and Transmission -- 3.9.2 Electrical Power Measurement -- 3.10 Optical Limits of LSCs (Luminescent Solar Concentrators) -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 Limitations of Solar Concentrators -- 4.1 Solar Concentrator -- 4.2 Luminescent Solar Concentrators -- 4.2.1 Operation of LCs -- 4.3 Ideal Concentrator -- 4.4 Limitation Factors -- 4.5 Photovoltaic Efficiency -- 4.5.1 Construction and Operations -- 4.5.2 Efficiency -- 4.6 Band Gap -- 4.7 Reabsorption Loss -- 4.8 Temperature -- 4.9 Thermal Properties -- 4.10 Concentration Ratio -- 4.11 Acceptance Angle -- 4.12 Economic Aspect. ; 4.13 Scaling of Solar Concentrators -- 4.14 Future Perspectives -- 4.15 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 An Array of Aspects in the Feasibility of Different Concentrated Solar Power Technologies -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 AHP Technique -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Solar Energy Concentrator Research: Past and Present -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 History -- 6.3 Types of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 6.3.1 Parabolic Trough Concentrators -- 6.3.2 Dish Concentrators -- 6.3.3 Heliostat Solar Concentrators and Central Receiver -- 6.3.4 Fresnel Lens Concentrators -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Various Storage Possibilities for Concentrated Solar Power -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Fundamentals of Solar Power Concentration -- 7.3 Types of CSP Technologies -- 7.4 Energy Storage Techniques for CSP Systems -- 7.4.1 How Thermal Energy Storage Functions in CSP -- 7.4.2 Sensible Storage Materials -- 7.4.2.1 Liquid Medium -- 7.4.2.2 Solid Medium -- 7.4.2.3 Gaseous Medium -- 7.4.2.4 Nanofluids -- 7.4.3 Phase Change Materials (PCM) -- 7.4.4 Thermochemical -- 7.4.5 Thermal Battery Energy Storage -- 7.4.6 Hydrogen Energy Storage -- 7.4.7 Compressed Air and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage -- 7.4.7.1 Compressed Air Storage -- 7.4.7.2 Pumped Hydro Energy Storage -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Uranyl-Doped PMMA-Based Solar Concentrator -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Luminescent Solar Cell Concentrators -- 8.3 Kind of Polymer Used in LSCs -- 8.4 Choice of Fluorescent Material -- 8.4.1 Historical Tie-Up of Luminescent Solar Concentrators with Organic Molecules -- 8.5 Photosensitization of Uranium Salt -- 8.6 Effect of Concentration -- 8.7 Effect of Change in pH -- 8.8 Losses in Uranyl-Doped LSC -- 8.8.1 Advantage of Uranyl Doping Compared to Organic Material -- 8.9 Co-Doping of Uranyl-Based LSCs. ; 8.10 Competitive Rare Earth Metals Used in LSCs -- 8.10.1 Neodymium (Nd3+)-Doped Glasses -- 8.10.2 Neodymium (Nd3+) Co-Doped with Yb3+ -- 8.10.3 Co-Doping of Transition Metal Along with Neodymium (III)- and Ytterbium (III)-Doped Glasses -- 8.10.4 Rare Earth Metal Attached to Organic Ligands -- 8.10.4.1 [Eu(tfn)3(DPEPO)] -- 8.10.4.2 Eu3+-Pyridine-Based Complexes -- 8.10.5 Nb3+ and Yb3+ Incorporated in YAG or GGG -- 8.11 Alternative Applications of ISCs -- 8.11.1 Switchable "Smart" Window -- 8.11.2 Day Lighting -- 8.12 Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 9 Deployment of Solar Energy Concentrators Across the Globe -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Solar Energy Concentrators -- 9.2.1 Benefits of Using Solar Energy Concentrators -- 9.2.2 Applications of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 9.3 Classification Based on Point or Line Concentration of Sunlight -- 9.3.1 Point Solar Concentrators -- 9.3.1.1 Heliostat Field Collectors (HFCs) -- 9.3.1.2 Parabolic Dish Collectors (PDCs) -- 9.3.2 Line Solar Concentrators -- 9.3.2.1 Linear Fresnel Solar Reflectors (LFRs) -- 9.3.2.2 Parabolic Trough Collectors (PTCs) -- 9.4 Classification Based on Optical Principle -- 9.4.1 Reflector -- 9.4.2 Refractor -- 9.4.3 Hybrid -- 9.4.4 Luminescent -- 9.5 Deployment of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 9.6 SWOT Analysis of Deployment of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 9.6.1 Strengths -- 9.6.2 Weaknesses -- 9.6.3 Opportunities -- 9.6.4 Threats -- 9.6.5 Economics of Solar Energy Concentrators -- 9.6.6 Policies and Regulations -- 9.6.7 Market Outlook of Solar Concentrators -- 9.6.8 Competitive Environment for Solar Concentrators -- 9.6.9 Market Segmentation Research for Solar Concentrators -- 9.6.9.1 Solar Power Towers -- 9.6.9.2 Based on End-User -- 9.7 Based on Application -- 9.8 Conclusion Solar Power Towers -- References. ; Chapter 10 Molten Salt Thermal Storage Systems for Solar Energy Concentrators -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Molten Salt as a Thermal Storage System -- 10.3 Working Operation of Molten Salt Storage Systems -- 10.4 Strategies for Concentrating Solar Power -- 10.4.1 Stationary Solar Collectors -- 10.4.2 Sun-Tracking Solar Collectors -- 10.5 CSE Technology and Molten Salt Solar Power Storage Impediments -- 10.6 Applications of CSE and Recent Development in Molten Salt -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Production of Synthetic Fuels Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is Synthetic Fuel? -- 11.3 What is Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy? -- 11.4 Solar Hydrogen Production -- 11.4.1 Approaches to Solar Hydrogen Production -- 11.4.1.1 Photocatalytic Water Splitting (PC Water Splitting) -- 11.4.1.2 Photo-Electrochemical -- 11.4.1.3 Photovoltaic-Electrochemical (PV-EC) Water Splitting -- 11.4.1.4 Solar Thermo Chemical (STC) Water Splitting -- 11.4.1.5 Photothermal Catalytic H2 Synthesis (from Fossil Fuels) -- 11.4.1.6 Photobiological (PB) H2 Production -- 11.5 Hydrogen Production by S-I Thermo-Chemical Cycle Using Solar Thermal Energy -- 11.5.1 Chemical Reactions Involved in S-I Cycle -- 11.5.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of the S-I Cycle -- 11.6 Thermodynamic Analysis of Direct Water Decomposition -- 11.7 Recent Advances for H2 Production -- 11.7.1 From Overall Photocatalytic Water Splitting Hydrogen Production -- 11.7.2 H2 Production from PEC Water Splitting -- 11.7.3 H2 Production from PV-EC Overall Water Splitting -- 11.7.4 Hydrogen (H2) Production by STC Water Splitting -- 11.7.5 Development of New STC Cycles -- 11.7.6 Solar Thermal Technology at Higher Temperature -- 11.7.7 Nanomaterials -- 11.7.8 Advanced Reactor Design. ; 11.8 Methanol Production Principle by H2 Produced with Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book, edited by Inamuddin, Tariq Altalhi, and Mohammad Luqman, provides an in-depth exploration of solar energy concentrators, focusing on the essentials and applications of these technologies. It covers various solar tracking systems, solar radiation models, and the principles and limitations of solar concentrators. The book discusses different types of solar concentrators, their components, and material properties, along with thermodynamic and optical considerations. It aims to guide researchers, engineers, and students in the field of renewable energy, particularly solar power. The book also explores the feasibility and deployment of concentrated solar power technologies globally, and provides insights into future perspectives and innovations in solar energy concentration.
• Titolo autorizzato: Solar Energy Concentrators
• ISBN: 9781394204533; 1394204531; 9781394204526; 1394204523
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911020095203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II