Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Clinical Areas

• Autore: Kim Nayoung
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (537 pages)
• Disciplina: 613.04
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Needed? -- 1: Why Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Important? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 History of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.3 What Is Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine? -- 1.4 Incorporation of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine Into Education -- 1.5 The Importance of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine -- 1.6 Examples of Sex/Gender-Specific Medicine in Clinical Areas -- 1.6.1 Cardiovascular Diseases -- 1.6.2 Brain Diseases, Pain, and COVID-19 Infection -- 1.6.3 Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 1.6.4 Sex Issues in Cell Line Studies and Hormone Issues in Cancer Therapies -- 1.6.5 COVID-19 Infection -- 1.7 Health Disparities for LGBTQ+ -- 1.7.1 Gender Dysphoria in Children and Adolescents -- 1.7.2 The Prevalence of LGBTQ+ from the Literature -- 1.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Sex/Gender Differences in the Diseases -- 2: Sex/Gender Differences in the Diseases -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Effects of Sex/Gender on Disease -- 2.3 Effects of Sex/Gender on Irritable Bowel Disease -- 2.4 Effects of Sex/Gender on Gout -- 2.4.1 Sex/Gender Differences in Prevalence of Gout and Its Risk Factors -- 2.4.2 Sex Differences of Genetic Effects in the Development of Gout -- 2.4.3 Differences in Healthcare Utilization by Gender Among Patients with Gout -- 2.5 Effects of Sex/Gender on Alcohol-Related Gastrointestinal Diseases -- 2.5.1 Difference of Alcohol Metabolism by Sex -- 2.5.2 Differences in Alcohol Consumption Patterns by Gender -- 2.5.3 Differences in Healthcare Utilization by Gender Among Patients with Alcoholism -- 2.5.4 Alcohol-Related Physical Diseases -- 2.5.4.1 Alcohol and Esophageal Cancer -- 2.5.4.2 Alcohol and Gastric Cancer -- 2.5.4.3 Alcohol and Colorectal Cancer -- 2.5.4.4 Alcohol and Chronic Liver Disease. ; 2.5.4.5 Alcohol and Pancreatitis -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Metabolism of Sex Hormones -- 3: Metabolism of Estrogen and Testosterone and Their Role in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Metabolism of Estrogen -- 3.3 Physiologic Effects of Estrogen -- 3.4 Effects of Estrogen in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.5 Metabolism of Testosterone -- 3.6 Physiologic Effects of Testosterone -- 3.7 Effects of Testosterone in the Context of Metabolic Diseases -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: Gastroenterology -- 4: Esophageal Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.1 Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.1.1 Population-Based Studies -- 4.2.1.2 Endoscopy-Based Studies -- 4.2.2 Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.2.1 Anti-inflammatory Effect of Estrogen on the Esophagus -- 4.2.2.2 Protective Function of the Esophageal Epithelium -- 4.2.2.3 Nociception -- 4.2.2.4 Psychological and Emotional Factors -- 4.2.2.5 Comparison of Risk Factors by Type of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.3 Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.3.1 Differences in Esophageal and Extraesophageal Symptoms by Sex/Gender -- 4.2.3.2 Differences in Frequency of Healthcare Usage by Sex/Gender -- 4.2.4 Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.2.4.1 Proton Pump Inhibitor Drug Response and Sex/Gender -- 4.2.4.2 Effects of Hormone Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease -- 4.3 Esophageal Motility Disorder -- 4.3.1 Achalasia -- 4.3.1.1 Epidemiology of Achalasia -- 4.3.1.2 Pathophysiology of Achalasia -- 4.3.1.3 Symptoms of Achalasia -- 4.3.1.4 Diagnosis of Achalasia -- Barium Esophagography -- Endoscopy -- Esophageal Manometry -- 4.3.1.5 Treatment of Achalasia. ; Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation and Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy -- Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy -- Sex/Gender Difference in the Treatment Response of Achalasia -- 4.3.2 Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.3.2.1 Definition, Pathophysiology, and Epidemiology of Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.3.2.2 Clinical Symptoms of Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.3.2.3 Diagnosis of Distal Esophageal Hypermotility Disorders -- 4.4 Esophageal Cancer -- 4.4.1 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- 4.4.1.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the World -- Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Africa -- Incidence Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- Mortality Rate of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in South Korea -- 4.4.1.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma -- Sex Hormone -- Alcohol -- Smoking -- Dietary Factors -- Lower Body Mass Index -- 4.4.2 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- 4.4.2.1 Incidence and Mortality Rate of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in the World -- 4.4.2.2 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma -- Sex Hormone -- Reflux Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus -- Obesity -- Smoking and Alcohol -- Nutritional Factor -- Drugs -- 4.4.2.3 The Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on the Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Its Prognosis After Resection Depending on Age and Sex -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Gastroduodenal Diseases -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.1 Epidemiology of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.2 Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.3 Pathophysiology of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.3.1 Sex Hormones -- 5.2.3.2 Visceral Hypersensitivity -- 5.2.3.3 Psychological Distress -- 5.2.3.4 Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis and Gender Differences -- Brain Response to Stress -- Gut Microbiome. ; 5.2.3.5 Gastroduodenal Dysfunction and Ghrelin -- 5.2.3.6 Low-Grade Duodenal Inflammation and Tight Junction Proteins -- 5.2.3.7 Food -- 5.2.4 Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia -- 5.2.4.1 Rapport Between Patients and Doctors -- 5.2.4.2 Adjustments to Lifestyle and Diet -- 5.2.4.3 Medication -- H. pylori Eradication -- Proton Pump Inhibitors -- Prokinetics -- Antidepressants -- 5.3 H. pylori-Induced Chronic Gastritis -- 5.3.1 Epidemiology of H. pylori -- 5.3.2 Chronic Gastritis -- 5.3.3 Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia -- 5.4 Peptic Ulcer -- 5.4.1 Epidemiology of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.2 Causes of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.2.1 Peptic Ulcers Due to H. pylori -- 5.4.2.2 Peptic Ulcers Due to NSAIDs -- 5.4.2.3 Non-H. pylori, Non-NSAID Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.3 Mechanisms of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.4.4 Peptic Ulcers in the Aging Population -- 5.4.5 Differences by Age and Sex/Gender in the Complications of Peptic Ulcers -- 5.5 Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.1 Incidence and Morality of Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.2 Sex/Gender Differences in Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.2.1 Differences in the Histology of Gastric Cancer by Sex/Gender and Age -- 5.5.2.2 Sex Hormones Such as Estrogen and Androgen and Their Receptors in the Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.3 Overweight/Obesity and Underweight in the Gastric Cancer -- 5.5.3.1 Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.5.3.2 Sex Difference in the Association Between Overweight/Obesity and Cardiac Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.5.3.3 Association Between Underweight and Noncardiac Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.5.3.4 Sex Difference in the Association Between Underweight and Noncardiac Gastric Cancer Incidence -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6: Colorectal Diseases and Gut Microbiome -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ; 6.2.1 Epidemiology and Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.2 Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.3 Pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.3.1 Hormonal Factors -- 6.2.3.2 Changes in Intestinal Motility -- 6.2.3.3 Visceral Hypersensitivity and Brain-Gut Interactions -- 6.2.3.4 Infection, Inflammation Response, Immune Response, and Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.3.5 Intestinal Permeability -- 6.2.3.6 Changes in the Gut Microbiome -- 6.2.3.7 Psychosocial Factors -- 6.2.3.8 Dietary Factors -- 6.2.4 Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome -- 6.2.4.1 Diet -- 6.2.4.2 Drug Treatment -- Overall Drug Treatment -- Drug Treatment Related to Gut Microbiome -- The Role of Probiotics in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment -- Fecal Microbiome Transplantation in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatment -- Psychiatric Treatment -- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) -- Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) -- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) -- 6.3 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.1 Epidemiology and Incidence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.2 Symptoms and Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.3 Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.3.3.1 Hormonal Factors -- 6.3.3.2 Immune Mechanisms -- 6.3.3.3 Genetic Factors -- 6.3.3.4 Changes in Gut Microbiome -- 6.3.3.5 Environmental Factors -- 6.3.3.6 Dietary Factors -- 6.3.4 Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases -- 6.4 Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.1 Sex Difference of Incidence of Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.2 Sex Difference of Mortality of Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.3 Pathophysiology of Colorectal Cancer -- 6.4.3.1 Sex Hormones -- Estrogen -- 17β-Estradiol Reduces Inflammation and Modulates Antioxidant Enzymes in Colonic Epithelial Cells (CCD841CoN). ; Preventive Mechanism of Estradiol in an Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer and Dual Role of Nrf2.
• Titolo autorizzato: Sex
• ISBN: 9789819701308; 9789819701292
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910865260703321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II