Principles of interferometric and polarimetric radiometry / / Ignasi Corbella

• Autore: Corbella Ignasi
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken, New Jersey : , : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., , [2025]; ©2025
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xxv, 288 pages) : illustrations
• Soggetto topico: Radiation - Measurement; Radiació - Mesurament; Interferometria
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Foreword -- About the Author -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Signals, Receivers, and Antennas -- 1.1 Random Variables, Real and Complex -- 1.1.1 Definitions -- 1.1.2 Operations -- 1.1.3 Normal Random Variables -- 1.1.4 The Arc Sine Law -- 1.2 Stochastic Processes -- 1.2.1 Stationarity -- 1.2.2 Correlation and Power -- 1.2.3 Jointly Normal Processes -- 1.2.4 Spectral Densities -- 1.2.5 Linear Systems -- 1.2.6 Time Averaging or Integration -- 1.3 Analytic Signals -- 1.3.1 Hilbert Transform and Quadrature Filter -- 1.3.2 Complex Envelope -- 1.3.3 Correlation and Spectra -- 1.4 Phasors of Random Signals -- 1.4.1 Concept -- 1.4.2 Power and Cross-correlation -- 1.4.3 Linear Systems -- 1.5 Microwave Networks -- 1.5.1 Voltage and Current -- 1.5.2 Normalized Voltage Waves -- 1.5.3 Available Power -- 1.5.4 S-parameters and Power Gains -- 1.5.5 Noise Waves and Temperature -- 1.5.6 Interconnection -- 1.5.7 Two-port Networks -- 1.5.8 Cascade -- 1.5.9 High Gain Receiver -- 1.5.10 The Bosma Theorem -- 1.6 Antennas -- 1.6.1 Radiated Electric Field and Power Density -- 1.6.2 Antenna Pattern and Directivity -- 1.6.3 Antenna Polarization -- 1.6.4 Thermal Noise Radiation -- 1.6.5 Received Signal -- 1.6.6 Phase Center -- 1.6.7 Polarization Misalignment -- 1.6.8 Transmission Link -- 1.6.9 Reciprocity -- 1.6.10 Other Definitions -- 1.6.11 Antenna Loss -- References -- 2 Microwave Radiometry -- 2.1 Thermal Emission -- 2.1.1 Emissivity and Brightness Temperature -- 2.1.2 Planck and Rayleigh-Jeans Laws -- 2.2 Polarization -- 2.2.1 Stokes Parameters and Polarimetric Brightness Temperature -- 2.2.2 Change of Polarization Frame -- 2.2.3 Linear Axis Rotation -- 2.2.4 Horizontal and Vertical Polarization -- 2.2.5 Circular Polarization -- 2.3 Antenna Temperature -- 2.3.1 Concept -- 2.3.2 Flat Target -- 2.3.3 Point Source -- 2.3.4 Extended Source -- 2.3.5 Angular Resolution -- 2.4 Total Power Radiometers -- 2.4.1 Received Signal -- 2.4.2 Power Measurement and Sensitivity -- 2.4.3 Square Law Device -- 2.4.4 Quadratic Detector -- References -- 3 Interferometry and Polarimetry -- 3.1 Historical Perspective -- 3.1.1 The Proposed Formulation -- 3.2 A Single Baseline -- 3.2.1 Visibility -- 3.2.2 Single Polarization -- 3.2.3 Polarimetric Radiometry: Ideal Case -- 3.2.4 Full Polarimetric Case -- 3.2.5 Receivers Interaction -- 3.2.6 The "−T r " Term -- 3.3 The Visibility Equation -- 3.3.1 Complex Correlation -- 3.3.2 The Fringe Washing Function -- 3.3.3 Director Cosines -- 3.3.4 Fourier Relation -- 3.4 Correlation Measurement -- 3.4.1 Sensitivity -- 3.4.2 Four Signal Multipliers -- 3.4.3 Two Signal Multipliers -- 3.4.4 Analog Multipliers -- 3.4.5 Signal Clipping and Normalized Correlation -- References -- 4 Aperture Synthesis -- 4.1 Synthetic Beam -- 4.1.1 Hexagonal Sampling -- 4.2 Radiometric Sensitivity -- 4.2.1 Variance of the Modified Brightness Temperature -- 4.2.2 Uncorrelated Visibility Samples -- 4.2.3 Correlation of Visibility Samples -- 4.3 Spatial Sampling -- 4.3.1 Visibility Coverage -- 4.3.2 Reciprocal Grids -- 4.3.3 Aliasing -- 4.3.4 Field of View -- 4.3.5 Hexagonal Grids: Y-shape Instrument -- 4.3.6 Hexagonal Instrument -- 4.4 Imaging -- 4.4.1 System of Equations -- 4.4.2 Conjugate Extension and Redundant Baselines Averaging -- 4.4.3 Fourier Image Reconstruction -- 4.4.4 G-matrix Image Reconstruction -- 4.4.5 Polarimetric Retrieval: Ideal Case -- 4.4.6 Full Polarimetric Case -- 4.4.7 Spatial Frequency Components -- 4.4.8 Reconstruction Error and Alias Mitigation -- References -- 5 Instrument Techniques -- 5.1 Frequency Conversion -- 5.1.1 Frequency Bands -- 5.1.2 Mixer Operation -- 5.1.3 Image Rejection Mixer -- 5.2 In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) Mixer -- 5.2.1 Concept -- 5.2.2 General Analysis -- 5.2.3 Quadrature Error -- 5.2.4 Correction of Phase Errors -- 5.2.5 Normalized Correlations -- 5.3 Quarter Period Delay -- 5.3.1 Concept -- 5.3.2 Center Frequency Error -- 5.3.3 Normalized Correlations -- 5.4 Digital Techniques -- 5.4.1 Sampling -- 5.4.2 Impact on Measurement Uncertainty -- 5.4.3 Low-frequency Spectrum -- 5.4.4 Spectrum with High-frequency Content -- 5.4.5 I/Q Alternate Sampling -- 5.4.6 Nyquist Zones -- 5.4.7 Correlation in the Frequency Domain -- References -- 6 Calibration and Characterization -- 6.1 Calibration Standards -- 6.1.1 Antenna and Calibration Planes -- 6.1.2 Plane Change in Total Power Radiometers -- 6.1.3 External Passive Targets -- 6.1.4 Probe Antenna -- 6.1.5 Internal Load -- 6.1.6 Noise Distribution -- 6.2 Parameter Retrieval -- 6.2.1 Correlator Gain -- 6.2.2 Inter-element Phase and Amplitude -- 6.2.3 Correlator Offset -- 6.2.4 Flat Target Response -- 6.2.5 Fringe Washing Function Shape -- 6.2.6 Receiver Gain and Offset -- 6.2.7 Instrumental Offset -- 6.3 Nonlinearity -- 6.3.1 Deflection Ratio -- 6.3.2 Impact on Instrumental Offset -- 6.4 Calibration Rate -- 6.4.1 Averaging and Interpolation -- 6.4.2 Temperature Correction -- References -- A Definitions and Concepts -- A. 1 Complex Vectors -- A. 2 Useful Complex Number Identities -- A. 3 Energy Conservation and Unitary Matrix -- A. 4 Spherical Coordinates and Solid Angle -- A.4. 1 Differential Surface -- A.4. 2 Solid Angle -- A. 5 Quadrature Equation Inversion -- A. 6 Special Functions -- A. 7 Fourier Transform -- A.7. 1 Convolution -- A.7. 2 Properties -- A.7. 3 Transform Pairs -- A.7. 4 Real Signals -- A.7. 5 Two-dimensional Fourier Transform -- A. 8 Discrete Fourier Transform -- A.8. 1 Correlation in Time and in Frequency -- A.8. 2 Random Signals -- A.8. 3 Two-dimensional Case.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book provides an in-depth exploration of microwave and polarimetric radiometry, focusing on principles, theories, and applications. It covers topics such as signals, receivers, antennas, calibration, and imaging techniques, with a particular emphasis on their use in remote sensing. The book is a comprehensive guide for engineers and researchers, detailing the contributions of Prof. Ignasi Corbella to the field, including his work on the SMOS mission for measuring soil moisture and ocean salinity. It aims to serve as a valuable reference for those working with radiometric instruments and advanced radiometry techniques.
• Titolo autorizzato: Principles of interferometric and polarimetric radiometry
• ISBN: 9781394255115; 139425511X; 9781394255122; 1394255128; 9781394255139; 1394255136; 9781394255108; 1394255101
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911019811803321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II