Positive obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights : within and beyond boundaries / / Vladislava Stoyanova [[electronic resource]]

• Autore: Stoyanova Vladislava
• Pubblicazione: Oxford : , : Oxford University Press, , 2023
• Edizione: First edition.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (319 pages)
• Disciplina: 341.48094
• Soggetto topico: Human rights - Europe
• Note generali: This edition also issued in print: 2023.; "This is an open access publication, available online and distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)"--Title page verso.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Preface -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Introduction -- 1 Deconstructing Positive Obligations -- Introduction -- 1.1 The State as an Institutional Mediator -- 1.2 Justifications for Positive Obligations -- 1.3 Plurality of Obligations Owed by the State -- 1.4 Priority of Rights as Organizational Principles -- 1.5 Trigger, Scope, Content, and Types of Positive Obligations -- Conclusion -- 2 State Knowledge -- Introduction -- 2.1 The Role of Fault in State Responsibility -- 2.2 Triggering and Breach of Positive Obligations under ECHR -- 2.3 Actual Knowledge versus Putative Knowledge -- 2.3.1 Different Possible Ways of Assessing Putative Knowledge -- 2.3.2 State Knowledge Necessarily Implies Normative Assessment -- 2.4 Assessment of Knowledge -- 2.5 No Benefit of Hindsight -- 2.6 Burden of Proof -- 2.7 The Nature and the Level of Risk -- 2.7.1 The 'Real and Immediate Risk' Standard -- 2.7.2 Man-made versus Natural Harms -- 2.8 Contributory Fault of the Victim -- Conclusion -- 3 Causation -- Introduction -- 3.1 The Role and the Standard of Causation -- 3.2 Control and Causation -- 3.2.1 The Rules on Attribution -- 3.2.2 The Role of Control and the Extension of the Logic of the Rules on Attribution -- 3.2.3 Control and Prevention of State-inflicted Harm -- 3.2.4 Assumption of Control in the Area of Public Services -- 3.2.5 Source of the Harm and the Related Level of Control -- 3.2.6 Assumption of Control over the Victim -- 3.3 Techniques for Avoiding Causation -- 3.3.1 Domestic Legality -- 3.3.2 Procedural Protection -- 3.4 Technique for Limiting Responsibility when Causation is Present -- Conclusion -- 4 Reasonableness -- Introduction -- 4.1 Intertwinement with Knowledge and Causation -- 4.1.1 Weak Causation Counterbalanced by the Reasonableness Standard. ; 4.1.2 Strong Causation Counterbalanced by the Reasonableness Standard -- 4.1.3 Reasonableness and Immediacy of the Risk -- 4.1.4 The Importance and the Justifiability of the Analytical Distinctions -- 4.2 Consideration of Alternative Protective Measures -- 4.2.1 Levels of Abstraction/Concreteness and the Burden of Proof -- 4.2.2 Place and Formulation of the Alternative -- 4.2.3 The Standard of Protectiveness -- 4.3 Margin of Appreciation -- 4.3.1 Delineation between Structural Deference and Appreciation of Alternatives -- 4.3.2 Scrutiny in the Appreciation of Alternatives -- Conclusion -- 5 Competing Obligations -- Introduction -- 5.1 Specification for Tensions to Become Cognizable -- 5.2 The Distinction between General Interests and Interests that Form the Basis of Human Rights -- 5.3 Addressing the Competition -- 5.3.1 Equal Moral Status -- 5.3.2 The Relative Importance of the Interests and the Obligations Triggered -- 5.3.3 Action versus Omission -- 5.3.4 Determinacy of the Harm and the Affected Individuals -- 5.4 Accommodation of Obligations -- Conclusion -- 6 Procedural Positive Obligation to Investigate -- Introduction -- 6.1 Conditions that Trigger the Obligation -- 6.1.1 Harm Inflicted by State Actors -- 6.1.2 Harm Inflicted by Non-state Actors -- 6.1.3 Harm Linked with Arguable Omissions -- 6.2 Content and Scope of the Obligation -- 6.2.1 Type of Proceedings -- 6.2.2 Initiation of the Proceedings -- 6.2.3 Effectiveness -- 6.2.4 Cooperation with Other States in Cross-border Contexts -- Conclusion -- 7 Substantive Positive Obligations -- Introduction -- 7.1 Obligation to Develop Effective Regulatory Frameworks -- 7.1.1 Diversity of Regulatory Spheres and the Role of Criminal Law -- 7.1.2 Types of Deficiencies in the Regulatory Framework -- 7.1.3 Concrete or Abstract Reasonableness Review of the Regulatory Framework. ; 7.2 Obligation to Develop Effective National Procedures -- 7.2.1 Not a Self-standing Positive Obligation -- 7.2.2 The Content of the Obligation -- 7.3 Obligation to Take Protective Operational Measures -- 7.3.1 The Test as Originally Developed in Osman v the United Kingdom -- 7.3.2 Modifications of the Test Regarding the Actors of Harm, the Objects of Harm, and the Immediacy of the Risk -- 7.3.3 Adjustment of the Test by Adding Risk Assessment as an 'Integral Part' -- 7.3.4 Adjustment of the Test by Adding Harm-related, Temporal, and Geographical Specifications -- 7.3.5 Content and Scope of the Obligation-the Operational Measures -- Conclusion -- 8 Extraterritorial Positive Obligations -- Introduction -- 8.1 Positive Obligations' Normative Preconditions -- 8.1.1 The Role of the State in Society -- 8.1.2 Democratic Legitimacy and Territorial Boundedness -- 8.1.3 Not Contingent Exclusively on Actual Capacity -- 8.2 Deconstructing Jurisdiction -- 8.2.1 The Territorial Paradigm -- 8.2.2 Effective Control over an Area -- 8.2.3 Physical Power and Control over a Person -- 8.2.4 Acts of Diplomatic and Consular Agents -- 8.2.5 Exercise of Public Powers -- 8.2.6 Extraterritorial Effects -- 8.2.7 Procedural Link -- 8.2.8 Conclusion -- 8.3 Adapting Jurisdiction to the Obligations? -- 8.3.1 Dividing and Tailoring -- 8.3.2 Dividing the Tailoring Brought to a Breaking Point -- 8.3.3 Conclusion -- 8.4 Deconstructing Extraterritorial Positive Obligations -- 8.4.1 Legality and Legal Competence -- 8.4.2 Reasonableness and Balancing of Interests -- 8.4.3 Causation -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Select Bibliography -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: 'Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights' provides novel insight into the elements underlying a state's responsibility to fulfil positive obligations. It is essential reading for academics, legal practitioners, and policymakers working across the diverse fields in which positive human rights obligations may apply.
• Titolo autorizzato: Positive Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights
• ISBN: 0-19-198215-6; 0-19-288815-3; 0-19-288816-1
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910749038403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Oxford scholarship online.