Plasma Modeling (Second Edition) : Methods and Applications

• Autore: Colonna Gianpiero
• Pubblicazione: Bristol : , : Institute of Physics Publishing, , 2022; ©2022
• Edizione: 2nd ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (725 pages)
• Soggetto topico: Kinetic theory of matter; Nuclear fusion
• Altri autori: D'AngolaAntonio LoffhagenDetlef LapentaGiovanni CoppaGianni SilvaLuis PeanoFabio PeinettiFederico GrassoDaniela BorgognoDario
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Editor biographies -- Gianpiero Colonna -- Antonio D'Angola -- List of contributors -- Chapter 1 Boltzmann and Vlasov equations in plasma physics -- 1.1 Fundamentals -- 1.1.1 The convection operator -- 1.1.2 The collisional operator -- 1.1.3 Boltzmann's H-theorem -- 1.1.4 Vlasov equation -- 1.2 Cross sections -- 1.3 Solution of the Boltzmann equation -- 1.4 Plasma modeling numerical codes -- References -- Chapter 2 Two-term Boltzmann Equation -- 2.1 Two-term distribution -- 2.2 Differential equations -- 2.3 Quasi-stationary approximation -- 2.4 Rapidly varying oscillating field -- 2.4.1 Case B = 0 -- 2.4.2 Generalization to independent frequencies -- 2.4.3 Matrices for single frequency -- 2.4.4 Some considerations -- 2.4.5 Power absorbed by electrons -- 2.4.6 Mean magnetic dipole moment -- 2.4.7 Perpendicular energy equation -- 2.5 Electrons in flow -- 2.6 Electron energy distribution -- 2.6.1 Current anisotropy -- 2.6.2 Transport properties -- 2.6.3 Nozzle flow -- 2.7 The collision integral -- 2.7.1 Elastic collisions with heavy species -- 2.7.2 Electron-electron collisions -- 2.7.3 Inelastic and superelastic collisions -- 2.7.4 Chemical processes -- 2.8 The numerical solution -- 2.9 Appendix: angle integrals -- 2.9.1 Type (a) -- 2.9.2 Type (b) -- References -- Chapter 3 Multiterm and non-local electron Boltzmann equation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Basic relations -- 3.2.1 Boltzmann equation of the electrons -- 3.2.2 Expansion of the velocity distribution -- 3.2.3 Macroscopic balances -- 3.3 Numerical treatment -- 3.3.1 Solution method for time-dependent conditions -- 3.3.2 Multiterm solution for space-dependent plasmas -- 3.4 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 4 Particle-based simulation of plasmas -- 4.1 Types of interacting systems -- 4.1.1 Strength of interaction. ; 4.2 Computer simulation of interacting systems -- 4.3 Particle-in-cell method -- 4.3.1 Mathematical formulation of PIC -- 4.3.2 Selection of the particle shapes -- 4.3.3 Derivation of the equations of motion -- 4.4 Coupling with the field equations: spatial discretization on a grid -- 4.5 Temporal discretization of the particle methods -- 4.5.1 Explicit temporal discretization of the particle equations -- 4.5.2 Explicit PIC cycle -- 4.5.3 Electrostatic explicit methods -- 4.5.4 Stability of the explicit PIC method -- 4.6 Implicit particle methods -- 4.7 Annotated python code -- 4.7.1 Initialization -- 4.7.2 Particle initialization -- 4.7.3 Grid initialization -- 4.7.4 Main cycle -- References -- Chapter 5 The ergodic method: plasma dynamics through a sequence of equilibrium states -- 5.1 Introduction to the ergodic method -- 5.2 Expansion of spherical nanoplasmas -- 5.3 Electron dynamics in a Penning trap for technology applications -- References -- Chapter 6 Fluid models for collisionless magnetic reconnection -- 6.1 Two-fluid model -- 6.1.1 Normalization -- 6.2 Collisionless plasmas -- 6.3 Linear dispersion relation -- 6.3.1 The ρs→0 case -- 6.3.2 The ρs⩾de case -- 6.4 Hamiltonian formulation -- 6.5 Numerical simulations of collisionless reconnection -- 6.5.1 The ρs→0 limit -- 6.6 Shear flow effects on the reconnecting instability -- References -- Chapter 7 Magnetohydrodynamics equations -- 7.1 MHD models -- 7.1.1 Model foundation -- 7.1.2 MHD approximation -- 7.1.3 Non-equilibrium conditions -- 7.1.4 Magnetoquasistatics -- 7.1.5 General model -- 7.1.6 Ideal MHD -- 7.1.7 Low magnetic Reynolds number model -- 7.2 Numerical model -- 7.3 Applications -- References -- Chapter 8 Drift-diffusion models and methods -- 8.1 Drift-diffusion transport equations -- 8.1.1 Drift-diffusion model in the absence of magnetic field. ; 8.1.2 Boundary conditions at solid surfaces -- 8.2 Stiffness and why it needs to be overcome -- 8.3 Block-implicit schemes -- 8.4 Why the drift-diffusion system is particularly stiff -- 8.5 Overcoming the drift-diffusion stiffness -- 8.5.1 Ohm-based potential equation -- 8.5.2 Modified ion transport equation -- 8.5.3 Ambipolar form of the electron transport equation -- 8.6 Generalized recast of the drift-diffusion system -- References -- Chapter 9 Self-consistent kinetics -- 9.1 The state-to-state approach -- 9.2 Collisional-radiative model -- 9.3 Vibrational kinetics -- 9.4 The self-consistent approach -- 9.5 High enthalpy ionized flows -- 9.6 The self-consistent approach for CO2 plasmas -- 9.6.1 CO2 vibrational levels -- 9.6.2 CO2 state-to-state kinetics -- 9.6.3 Results -- References -- Chapter 10 Hypersonic flows with detailed state-to-state kinetics using a GPU cluster -- 10.1 Physical model -- 10.1.1 Governing equations -- 10.1.2 Transport properties -- 10.1.3 Multi-temperature Park model -- 10.1.4 State-to-state model -- 10.2 Numerical scheme -- 10.2.1 Finite-volume approach -- 10.2.2 Convective fluxes discretization -- 10.2.3 Diffusive fluxes discretization -- 10.2.4 Time integration -- 10.2.5 Evaluation of source terms: splitting approach -- 10.3 GPU clustering -- 10.3.1 CUDA environment -- 10.3.2 Kernel development -- 10.3.3 MPI-CUDA environment -- 10.3.4 Kernel examples -- 10.4 Results -- 10.4.1 High enthalpy flow over a double-wedge -- 10.4.2 Scalability performance -- References -- Chapter 11 Hybrid models -- 11.1 Basic assumptions and governing equations -- 11.2 Numerical implementation -- 11.2.1 Time-advance algorithm -- 11.2.2 Initialization and boundary conditions -- 11.3 Applications -- 11.3.1 Electrostatic case: plasma plume expansion and Langmuir probes -- 11.3.2 Magnetostatic case: E × B field devices. ; 11.3.3 Electromagnetic case: fusion and space plasmas -- 11.3.4 Spatially hybrid simulation: streamers and laser-plasma interaction -- References -- Chapter 12 On the coupling of vibrational and electronic kinetics with the electron energy distribution functions: past and present -- 12.1 H2 plasma -- 12.2 N2 plasma -- 12.3 O2 plasma -- 12.4 CO plasma -- 12.5 Nozzle flows -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13 Atmospheric pressure plasmas operating in high frequency fields -- 13.1 Atmospheric pressure plasmas modelling in high frequency fields -- 13.1.1 Transport properties of electrons in non-magnetized and partially ionized gases -- 13.1.2 Treatment of ions and neutral species -- 13.1.3 Macroscopic equations for the weakly ionized gas flow -- 13.1.4 Electrodynamics -- 13.2 Application-contraction of an argon discharge -- 13.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Direct current microarcs at atmospheric pressure -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Unified fluid modelling of microarcs -- 14.3 Transport quantities, thermodynamic and transport properties -- 14.4 Plasma chemistry -- 14.5 Boundary conditions -- 14.6 Realization and selected results -- 14.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 Multiscale phenomenona in a self-organized plasma jet -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Setup and discharge behaviour -- 15.3 Model equations -- 15.3.1 Gas dynamics -- 15.3.2 Plasma description -- 15.3.3 Argon plasma chemistry -- 15.3.4 Solution method -- 15.4 Plasma jet models -- 15.4.1 Single filament model -- 15.4.2 Period-averaged plasma jet model -- 15.5 Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 16 High-enthalpy radiating flows in aerophysics -- 16.1 Fluid dynamic model -- 16.2 Radiative gas dynamics of re-entry space vehicles -- 16.2.1 Fire-II -- 16.2.2 Stardust -- 16.2.3 RAM-C-II -- 16.2.4 ORION -- 16.2.5 PTV -- 16.2.6 MSL -- 16.3 Conclusions -- References. ; Chapter 17 Simulating plasma aerodynamics -- 17.1 Background and levels of modeling -- 17.2 Flow control via plasma heating -- 17.3 Flow control via magnetic forces -- 17.4 Flow control via electrical forces -- 17.5 Summary and paths forward -- References -- Chapter 18 Dust-plasma interaction: a review of dust charging theory and simulation -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Basics of dust-plasma interaction -- 18.2.1 Repelled species (qαϕd& -- #62 -- 0) -- 18.2.2 Attracted species (qαϕd< -- 0) -- 18.2.3 Summary of OML theory -- 18.2.4 Some important considerations -- 18.3 A note on the numerical solution of dust-plasma interaction problems -- 18.4 Dust electron emission -- 18.4.1 The OML approach -- 18.4.2 Transition from negatively- to positively-charged states -- 18.5 Final remarks -- References -- Chapter 19 Magnetic confinement for thermonuclear energy production -- 19.1 Ideal magnetostatic equilibrium -- 19.1.1 First principles and topological properties -- 19.1.2 General representations of the magnetic field -- 19.1.3 Specific curvilinear flux coordinate system -- 19.2 Grad-Shafranov equation -- 19.2.1 Figures of merit of the tokamak equilibria -- 19.2.2 Large aspect ratio limit -- 19.2.3 Plasma confined within a conducting shell -- 19.2.4 Radial and vertical equilibrium -- 19.2.5 Shape of plasma meridian cross-section -- 19.2.6 Shape and boundary conditions -- 19.3 Direct and inverse problems -- 19.3.1 Tokamak equilibrium with flow -- 19.4 Principal technical elements of a tokamak -- 19.5 Plasma formation -- 19.5.1 Poynting theorem -- 19.5.2 Start-up and current ramp-up -- 19.5.3 Toroidal coils -- 19.6 Similarity principles applied to tokamaks -- References -- Chapter 20 Verification and validation in plasma physics -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 The validation and verification methodology -- 20.2.1 Code verification methodology. ; 20.2.2 Solution verification methodology.
• Sommario/riassunto: Plasma Modeling: Methods and applications presents and discusses the different approaches that can be adopted for plasma modeling. In this updated second edition, an extensive new part is added that discusses methods to calculate data needed in plasma modeling, such as thermodynamic and transport properties, state specific rate coefficients in heavy particle collisions and electron impact cross sections.
• Titolo autorizzato: Plasma Modeling (Second Edition)
• ISBN: 9780750345002; 0750345004
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910985669903321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: IOP Series in Plasma Physics Series