Microbial Ecology

• Autore: Barton Larry L
• Pubblicazione: Hoboken : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2011; ©2011
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (448 pages)
• Disciplina: 579.17
• Soggetto topico: Microbial ecology; Microorganisms -- Environmental aspects
• Altri autori: NorthupDiana E
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- MICROBIAL ECOLOGY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- GLOSSARY -- 1 MICROBIAL ECOLOGY: BEGINNINGS AND THE ROAD FORWARD -- 1.1 Central Themes -- 1.2 Introduction -- 1.2.1 Roots of Microbial Ecology -- 1.2.2 Current Perspectives -- 1.3 Timeline -- 1.4 Microfossils -- 1.5 Early Life -- 1.5.1 The Precellular World -- 1.5.2 The First Cell -- 1.5.3 Development of Cellular Biology -- 1.5.4 Evolution of Metabolic Pathways -- 1.6 Characteristics of Microbial Life -- 1.6.1 Structure and Evolution of Cell Shape -- 1.6.2 Metabolism and Use of Energy -- 1.6.3 Growth, Reproduction, and Development -- 1.6.4 Adaptations and Response to Stimuli -- 1.7 Classification and Taxonomy: The Species Concept -- 1.8 The Three Domains: Tree of Life -- 1.9 Relationship of Microbial Ecology to General Ecology -- 1.10 Changing Face of Microbial Ecology -- 1.10.1 Change in Focus -- 1.10.2 Diversity: From Culturing to Molecular Phylogeny -- 1.11 Summary -- 1.12 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 2 DIVERSITY OF MICROORGANISMS -- 2.1 Central Themes -- 2.2 The Ubiquity of Microorganisms -- 2.3 The Amazing Diversity of Morphologies -- 2.3.1 Comparison of the Three Domains -- 2.3.2 What's in a Name: Prokaryotes -- 2.3.3 Winogradsky's Experiments with Chemolithotrophs -- 2.4 Diversity of Bacterial Groups -- 2.4.1 Expansion of the Number of Bacterial Phyla -- 2.4.2 Bacterial Portrait Gallery: Processes and Players -- 2.5 Discovery of Archaea as a Separate Domain -- 2.6 Archaeal Diversity -- 2.6.1 Archaeal Portrait Gallery -- 2.7 Archaea-Bacteria Differences -- 2.8 Eukarya: A Changing Picture of Phylogenetic Diversity -- 2.9 Protist Diversity -- 2.9.1 Protist Gallery -- 2.10 Fungal Diversity -- 2.11 Algal Diversity -- 2.12 Viral Diversity -- 2.13 Summary -- 2.14 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material. ; 3 COMPLEXITY AND SIMPLICITY OF CELL SYSTEMS -- 3.1 Central Themes -- 3.2 Introduction -- 3.3 Cell Parameters -- 3.3.1 Life at the Lowest Level -- 3.3.2 Large Microorganisms -- 3.4 Cell Movement and Chemotaxis -- 3.5 Structures of Sporulation -- 3.6 Nutrient Reserves and Storage Materials -- 3.7 Cell-Cell Associations -- 3.7.1 Cell Attachment -- 3.7.2 Biofilms -- 3.7.3 Filamentous Growth -- 3.8 Cell Physiology and Metabolism -- 3.8.1 Sensory Response -- 3.8.2 Global Regulation -- 3.8.3 Internal Membranes in Bacteria -- 3.9 Energetics and Environment -- 3.9.1 Heterotrophs -- 3.9.2 Chemolithotrophs -- 3.9.3 Photophosphorylation -- 3.9.4 Bacteriorhodopsin Reaction -- 3.10 Bioelectrochemical Activities -- 3.11 Summary -- 3.12 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 4 THE MICROBIAL HABITAT: AN ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE -- 4.1 Central Themes -- 4.2 Habitats: An Overview -- 4.2.1 The Niche -- 4.3 Aquatic Habitats -- 4.3.1 Freshwater -- 4.3.2 Marine Habitats -- 4.4 Soil Habitats -- 4.4.1 Microbial Food Webs in the Soil Habitat -- 4.5 Rock and Subsurface Habitats -- 4.5.1 Rock Varnish -- 4.5.2 Cave Habitats -- 4.5.3 Groundwater -- 4.5.4 Deep Subsurface -- 4.6 Atmospheric Habitats -- 4.6.1 Atmospheric Microbial Diversity: African Dust -- 4.6.2 Mysteries Remain -- 4.7 Population Ecology Across Habitats -- 4.7.1 Population Growth and Dynamics -- 4.7.2 Horizontal Gene Transfer -- 4.7.3 Biogeograpy versus Everything is Everywhere -- the Environment Selects -- 4.8 Summary -- 4.9 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 5 THE HOW OF MICROBIAL ECOLOGY STUDIES -- 5.1 Central Themes -- 5.2 Introduction -- 5.3 Sampling and Sample Storage -- 5.4 Microscopy -- 5.4.1 Gram Stains -- 5.4.2 Direct Count Procedures -- 5.4.3 Determining Actively Respiring Cells -- 5.4.4 Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH). ; 5.4.5 Electron Microscopy -- 5.5 Cultivation of Microorganisms -- 5.5.1 Microbial Respiration -- 5.5.2 Microbial Biomass -- 5.5.3 Measuring Carbon Substrate Utilization -- 5.6 Molecular Phylogenetics -- 5.7 Culturing Versus Molecular Techniques: Comparisons from Soil Studies -- 5.8 Community Fingerprinting Methods -- 5.8.1 Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis -- 5.9 Metagenomics: A New Tool for Answering Community Ecology Questions -- 5.10 Environmental Proteomics -- 5.11 Stable-Isotope Studies -- 5.11.1 Using Stable Isotopes: Movile Cave Food Web Case Study -- 5.12 Summary -- 5.13 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Sources -- 6 MICROBE-MICROBE INTERACTIONS -- 6.1 Central Themes -- 6.2 Introduction -- 6.3 Classification of Microbial Interactions -- 6.3.1 Neutralism -- 6.3.2 Commensalism -- 6.3.3 Competition -- 6.3.4 Parasitism -- 6.3.5 Predation -- 6.3.6 Antagonism (Amensalism) -- 6.3.7 Syntrophism -- 6.4 Symbiotic Associations -- 6.4.1 Diatoms -- 6.4.2 Lichen -- 6.4.3 Hatena -- 6.4.4 Symbiosis between Bacteria and Protozoa -- 6.5 Fungus-Bacterium Symbiosis -- 6.6 Prokaryote-Prokaryote Interactions -- 6.6.1 Two-Member Mutualism -- 6.6.2 Examples of Parasites and Predators -- 6.7 Establishing a Symbiosis: The Nostoc-Geosiphon Association -- 6.8 Sexual Interactions -- 6.9 Summary -- 6.10 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 7 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND PLANTS -- 7.1 Central Themes -- 7.2 Introduction -- 7.3 Symbiotic Associations with Cyanobacteria -- 7.4 Interactions in the Rhizosphere -- 7.5 Mycorrhizae -- 7.5.1 Ectomycorrhizae -- 7.5.2 Endomycorrhizae -- 7.5.3 Other Mycorrhizal Associations -- 7.6 Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria and Higher Plants -- 7.6.1 Root Associations -- 7.6.2 Stem Associations -- 7.7 Bacteria Supporting Plant Growth -- 7.7.1 Production of Hormones. ; 7.7.2 Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria -- 7.7.3 Cactus Symbiosis -- 7.8 Leaf Surfaces and Microorganisms -- 7.9 Detrimental Activities of Microorganisms on Plants -- 7.9.1 Fungal Parasites -- 7.9.2 Bacterial Pathogens -- 7.9.3 Rhizosphere Activities and Plant Diseases -- 7.10 Fungi Promoting Increased Heat Tolerance in Plants -- 7.11 Biocontrol of Pests and Pathogens -- 7.12 Summary -- 7.13 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 8 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND ANIMALS -- 8.1 Central Themes -- 8.2 Introduction -- 8.3 Primary and Secondary Symbionts -- 8.4 Microbe-Animal Interactions: Parasitism -- 8.4.1 Parasitism Introduction -- 8.4.2 Nematode Parasitism of Insects -- 8.4.3 Effects of Multiple Parasitic Infections on Virulence -- 8.4.4 A Widespread Endosymbiosis: Wolbachia-Parasitism or Mutualism? -- 8.5 Microbe-Animal Interactions: Mutualism -- 8.5.1 Gut Animal-Microbe Mutualistic Interactions -- 8.5.2 Case Study: Unique Bacterial-Polychaete Endosymbiosis -- 8.5.3 Case Study: Beetles Cultivating Fungal Gardens -- 8.5.4 Mealybug Mutualisms -- 8.5.5 Luminescent Bacteria in Fish and Squid: Turning on the Lights -- 8.6 Lessons from the Deep: Evolutionary and Ecosystem Insights from Deep-Sea Vents Symbioses -- 8.7 Microbial-Vertebrate Interactions -- 8.7.1 Bacteria and Birds -- 8.7.2 Microorganisms and Humans -- 8.8 Grazing and Predation by Animals -- 8.9 Summary -- 8.10 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 9 LIVING TOGETHER: MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES -- 9.1 Central Themes -- 9.2 Introduction -- 9.2.1 Dominant Issues and Questions in Microbial Community Ecology -- 9.3 Metagenomics: A New Tool for Answering Community Ecology Questions -- 9.4 Biomats and Biofilms -- 9.4.1 Changes in Community Structure during Biofilm Succession. ; 9.5 Formation of Organized Communities: Quorum Sensing -- 9.6 Colonization and Recolonization by Microorganisms -- 9.6.1 Case Study: Colonization of the Sterile Newborn Gut -- 9.6.2 Case Study: Undesirable Colonization-Factors in Disease -- 9.6.3 Case Study: Recolonization and Early Succession in Intertidal Sediments -- 9.7 Dispersal, Succession, and Stability -- 9.7.1 Case Study: Dispersal and Succession in the Oceans-Whale Falls as Dispersal Agents between Vents -- 9.7.2 Competition as a Structuring Force in Succession -- 9.7.3 Stability in Microcosm Studies -- 9.8 Species Diversity -- 9.8.1 Diversity Indices -- 9.8.2 Connections between Metazoans and Microorganisms: Co-ocurrence Patterns -- 9.8.3 Disturbance and Diversity -- 9.9 Food Webs -- 9.9.1 Structure of Microbial Food Webs -- 9.9.2 Keystone Species Effects on Food Webs and Diversity -- 9.10 Primary Production and Energy Flow -- 9.10.1 Cycling of Nutrients -- 9.11 Microbial Community Examples -- 9.11.1 Plankton in Marine Ecosystems -- 9.11.2 Hot Springs -- 9.11.3 Wine and Cheese -- 9.12 Summary -- 9.13 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material -- 10 MICROBIAL PROCESSES CONTRIBUTING TO BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES -- 10.1 Central Themes -- 10.2 Introduction -- 10.3 Energy Flow -- 10.4 Oxygen and Carbon Cycling -- 10.5 Nitrogen Cycling -- 10.5.1 Nitrogen Fixation -- 10.5.2 Nitrogen Assimilation -- 10.5.3 Nitrification -- 10.5.4 Denitrification -- 10.6 Sulfur Cycling -- 10.6.1 Organic Sulfur Metabolism -- 10.6.2 Inorganic Sulfur Metabolism -- 10.7 Phosphorus Cycling -- 10.8 Iron Cycling -- 10.8.1 Siderophores -- 10.8.2 Ferritin and Magnetosomes -- 10.9 Cycling of Manganese and Selenium -- 10.10 Cycling of Hydrogen -- 10.11 Transformation of Mercury -- 10.12 Closed Systems -- 10.13 Summary -- 10.14 Delving Deeper: Critical Thinking Questions -- Bibliographic Material. ; 11 MICROBES AT WORK IN NATURE: BIOMINERALIZATION AND MICROBIAL WEATHERING.
• Sommario/riassunto: Covers the ecological activities of microbes in the biosphere with an emphasis on microbial interactions within their environments and communities In thirteen concise and timely chapters, Microbial Ecology presents a broad overview of this rapidly growing field, explaining the basic principles in an easy-to-follow manner. Using an integrative approach, it comprehensively covers traditional issues in ecology as well as cutting-edge content at the intersection of ecology, microbiology, environmental science and engineering, and molecular biology. Examining the microbial characteristics that enable microbes to grow in different environments, the book provides insights into relevant methodologies for characterization of microorganisms in the environment. The authors draw upon their extensive experience in teaching microbiology to address the latest hot-button topics in the field, such as: Ecology of microorganisms in natural and engineered environments Advances in molecular-based understanding of microbial phylogeny and interactions Microbially driven biogeochemical processes and interactions among microbial populations and communities Microbial activities in extreme or unusual environments Ecological studies pertaining to animal, plant, and insect microbiology Microbial processes and interactions associated with environmental pollution Designed for use in teaching, Microbial Ecology offers numerous special features to aid both students and instructors, including: Information boxes that highlight key microbial ecology issues "Microbial Spotlights" that focus on how prominent microbial ecologists became interested in microbial ecology Examples that illustrate the role of bacterial interaction with humans Exercises to promote critical thinking Selected reading lists Chapter summaries and review questions for class discussion Various; microbial interactions and community structures are presented through examples and illustrations. Also included are mini case studies that address activities of microorganisms in specific environments, as well as a glossary and key words. All these features make this an ideal textbook for graduate or upper-level undergraduate students in biology, microbiology, ecology, or environmental science. It also serves as a highly useful reference for scientists and environmental professionals.
• Titolo autorizzato: Microbial ecology
• ISBN: 9781118015827; 9780470048177
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910822502203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II