Lifestyle and Livelihood Changes among Formerly Nomadic Peoples : Entrepreneurship, Diversity and Urbanisation

• Autore: Degen A. Allan
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (353 pages)
• Altri autori: DanaLéo-Paul
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword by Ilse Köhler-Rollefson -- Foreword by Avinoam Meir -- Foreword by Havatzelet Yahel -- Foreword by Saverio Krätli -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Africa -- Declining Grazing Lands and Climate Change Are Forcing Maasai to Diversify Their Livelihoods: Antecedents of Maasai Entreprene... -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The Maasai -- 1.2 Literature Review -- 2 The Theoretical Framework -- 3 Research Methods -- 4 Findings -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Herders Who Fish: Findings from Pastoral and Agropastoral Communities in Kenya and South Sudan -- 1 Sites and Methods -- 2 Why Do Pastoralists Settle? -- 3 Impacts of Settling on Pastoral Populations -- 4 Circumstances and Intent -- 5 Fishing in Unity State, South Sudan -- 6 Fishing in Marsabit County, Kenya -- 7 Discussion -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Borana Cattle Pastoralists in Southern Ethiopia Are Diversifying Their Livelihoods by Cultivating Land and Raising Camels -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Borana -- 3 Borana Rangelands -- 3.1 Cattle Migration -- 4 Inter-ethnic Clashes -- 5 Livelihood Diversification -- 5.1 Land Cultivation -- 5.2 Non-pastoral Non-farm (NPNF) Activities -- 6 Shift to More Drought-Tolerant Livestock -- 7 Urbanization and Livestock -- 8 Conclusions and Some Thoughts -- References -- Part II: Middle East -- Negev Bedouin: From Nomads to Agro-pastoralists to Urbanites -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Negev Desert -- 3 Background of Negev Bedouin -- 4 State of Israel and the Bedouin -- 5 Israeli Government Land and Settlement Policy for Bedouin -- 6 Livestock Production and Pastoralism -- 7 Uses of Sheep, Goats and Camels -- 8 Marketing for the Bedouin -- 9 Employment of the Bedouin -- 10 Conclusions and Some Thoughts -- References -- The Nomad Entrepreneurs of Iran: The History, Major Nomadic Groups, Entrepreneurial Activities, and Challenges. ; 1 Introduction -- 2 History of Nomads in Iran -- 2.1 Nomads in Ancient Times -- 2.2 Iranian Nomads After Islam -- 2.3 Iran´s Ethnic Mosaic -- 3 Nomads of Iran -- 3.1 Bakhtiari Nomads -- 3.2 Qashqai Nomads -- 3.3 Shahsevan Nomads -- 3.4 Khamseh Nomads -- 3.5 Baluch Nomads -- 4 Nomadic Entrepreneurship in Iran -- 4.1 Revenue Streams -- 4.1.1 Livestock -- 4.1.2 Handicrafts -- 4.1.3 Services and Tourism -- 4.1.4 Planting Medicinal Plants -- 4.1.5 Late Shift to Earn Money and Tourism -- 4.2 Challenges of the Nomadic Entrepreneurs (During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic) -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: South Asia: Afghanistan, Nepal, India, Bangladesh -- Land as a Golden Tent-Peg: Settlement and Change Among Nomads in Northern Afghanistan -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nomads in Afghanistan -- 3 Durrani Nomads and Settlement in Northern Afghanistan -- 4 The Piruzai of Sar-e-Pol -- 5 The Piruzai Economy -- 6 Population Growth, Settlement and Change -- 7 Epilogue -- References -- Challenges to Transhumant Pastoralism Due to Socioeconomic and Ecological Changes in Nepal´s High Mountains -- 1 Introduction to Pastoralism in Nepal´s High Mountains -- 2 Challenges Confronted by High-Altitude Pastoralism in Nepal -- 2.1 Diminishing Pasture Quality and Quantity -- 2.2 Hardships and Changing Social Values -- 2.3 Modern Formal Forestry Institutions, Pastureland Access, and Escalating Conflicts -- 2.4 Climate Change -- 3 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Mobility to Sedentarization: Pastoralism from Colonial to Post-Colonial Period in Uttarakhand Himalaya (India) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Pastoralism in the Nineteenth Century -- 2.1 The Bhotiyas -- 2.2 The Gujars -- 3 Forest Reservations and Restrictions on Transhumance -- 3.1 The Bhotiyas -- 3.2 The Gujars -- 4 Modernity and Pastoralism in the Late Twentieth Century -- 4.1 The Bhotiyas. ; 4.2 The Gujars -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- The Bede Community: A Nomadic Group in Bangladesh -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Research Methods -- 3 Historical Background -- 4 Customs and Traditions: Marriage, Family Dynamics, Culture -- 5 Challenges Faced by the Bede Community -- 5.1 Livelihood and Challenges -- 5.2 Education and Healthcare Challenges -- 5.3 Social Marginalisation and Discrimination -- 6 Government Policies and Support -- 7 Future Directions -- 7.1 Advocacy and Awareness Programs Addressing Social Discrimination -- 7.2 Efforts and Initiatives for Improving Education and Healthcare for the Bede Community -- 7.3 Collaborative Projects and Cultural Exchange Programs -- 8 Conclusions -- References -- Part IV: East Asia: China and Mongolia -- Centralisation of Livestock and Grassland Management Through Cooperatives in Tibetan Pastoral Areas of Qinghai, People´s Repub... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 (Re)introducing the Cooperatives -- 3 Alleviating Poverty Through Rural Revitalisation -- 4 Rural Revitalisation in Qinghai Province -- 5 Zeku: A ``State Key Assistance County´´ -- 6 Cooperatives: A Means to Alleviate Poverty or to Give the State Access to the Land? -- References -- Transformation from Nomadic to Sedentary Livestock Production in Inner Mongolia -- 1 Historical Stages of Nomadic to Sedentary Livestock Production -- 1.1 First Stage: Started Before 1947: Nomadic and Seasonal Nomadism -- 1.2 Second Stage: 1947 to 1977: Nomadic to Settled Livestock Production -- 1.3 Third Stage: After 1978: Settled Animal Husbandry -- 2 Development of Livestock Production Systems -- 2.1 Single System -- 2.2 Diversified System -- 2.2.1 Economic Cooperative Organization -- 2.2.2 Industrialized Operation -- 3 Sustainable Livelihood Capital -- 3.1 Human Capital -- 3.2 Physical Capital -- 3.3 Natural Capital -- 3.4 Financial Capital -- 3.5 Social Capital. ; 4 Conclusions -- References -- Mongolia´s Pastoral Nomadism in Transition: Putting Case Studies on Socioecological Feedbacks and Socioeconomic Forcing into a... -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Interaction of Humans and Ecosystems in Traditional Social-Ecological Systems -- 1.2 Losing Local Relationships in the Use of Ecosystem Services -- 1.3 Climate Warming as a Global Threat for Green Loop Systems Caused by Red Loop Societies -- 1.4 Sustainability and Resilience -- 1.5 Ethnicity, Spatial Seclusion and Marginalization -- 1.6 Mongolia´s Pastoralism: Ancient System Under Varying Framework -- 1.7 Research Questions -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Study Region -- 2.2 Herder Surveys -- 2.3 Instrumental and Dendrochronological Evidence of Climate Warming -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Significance of the Use of Local Ecosystem Services -- 3.2 Differences Between the Study Areas -- 3.3 Herder Responses to Climate Warming and Instrumental and Dendrochronological Evidence for Increasing Temperature -- 3.4 Recent Changes in the Local Use of Ecosystem Services -- 4 Discussion -- References -- Part V: Arctic Region -- Mechanisms for the Positive Transformation of the Arctic Indigenous Peoples from Traditional Nomadic Reindeer Herders to a Mor... -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Traditional Nomadic Reindeer Herding -- 2 Data Collection in the Study -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Snowmobile Revolution and Sedentarization of Reindeer Herding Nomads in the Kola Peninsula and Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, Northe... -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sedentarization of Reindeer Herding Nomads on the Kola Peninsula: Adapting to the State -- 3 Sedentarization of Reindeer Herding Nomads in the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra: Adapting to the Market -- 4 Conclusions -- References. ; The Inuit: From Igloos and Tents and Nomadic Subsistence Hunting and Fishing to Permanent Settlements and Heated Homes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History -- 3 Nomadic Hunting and Fishing -- 3.1 Nomadic Life to Permanent Homes -- 3.2 Nunavut -- 3.3 Inuit Migrating South to Urban Centers -- 4 Conclusions -- References.
• Titolo autorizzato: Lifestyle and Livelihood Changes among Formerly Nomadic Peoples
• ISBN: 3-031-51142-5
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910842282103321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Ethnic and Indigenous Business Studies