Fundamentals of NMR and MRI : From Quantum Principles to Medical Applications / / by Fatemeh Khashami

• Autore: Khashami Fatemeh
• Pubblicazione: Cham : , : Springer Nature Switzerland : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2024
• Edizione: 1st ed. 2024.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (XIX, 223 p. 92 illus., 89 illus. in color.)
• Disciplina: 616.07548
• Soggetto topico: Imaging systems in biology; Quantum theory; Biophysics; Biological Imaging; Quantum Imaging and Sensing; Quantum Physics; Bioanalysis and Bioimaging
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Contents -- 1 Quantum Mechanics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Schrödinger Equation -- 1.3 Elements of Quantum Formalism and Hilbert Space Structure -- 1.4 State Vectors and Operators in Quantum Formalism -- 1.5 Uncertainty Relation Between Two Operators -- 1.6 Spin in Quantum Mechanics -- 1.7 Density Matrix -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- Problem 3 -- Solution 3 -- 2 Quantum Physics and NMR Foundations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Spins and NMR Systems -- 2.3 The Zeeman Effect in NMR Systems -- 2.4 The Boltzmann Distribution in NMR Systems -- 2.5 The Effect of Magnetic Field on Spin Populations at Thermal Equilibrium -- 2.6 The Dynamics of the Macroscopic Magnetization in NMR Systems -- 2.7 The Density Matrix Description of NMR Systems -- 2.8 The Dynamics of the Density Matrix in NMR Spin Systems -- 2.9 Entropy and the Origin of the Boltzmann Distribution -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 3 Bloch Equation Description Without Relaxation Time -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Bloch Equation in the Laboratory Frame -- 3.3 Bloch Equation in the Rotating Frame -- 3.4 Flip Angle of the RF Pulse -- 3.5 Geometric Representation of the RF Pulse by the Density Matrix Formalism -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 4 Bloch Equation Description with Relaxation Time -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 General Formalism of the Bloch Equations -- 4.3 The Longitudinal Magnetization Behaviors in the Spin System -- 4.4 The Transverse Magnetization Behaviors in the Spin System -- 4.5 Tracking the Longitudinal and Transverse Magnetization -- 4.6 The Fourier Transformation Method -- 4.7 The Dynamics of Magnetization with the Density Matrix Formalism -- 4.8 Insights from the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle -- Exercises. ; Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 5 Molecular Motion, Correlation, and Relaxation Time -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Dipole-Dipole Interaction -- 5.3 Correlation Time -- 5.4 The Bloembergen-Pound-Purcell Theory -- 5.5 The Spectral Density Function -- 5.6 The Effect of Molecular Motion on the Relaxation Time -- 5.7 The BPP Theory and Relaxation Time -- 5.8 The Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan Theory -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- Problem 3 -- Solution 3 -- 6 Chemical Shift, NMR Spectroscopy, and Beyond -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Electron Density Shielding -- 6.3 The Chemical Shifts of Fat and Water Molecules -- 6.4 Electron Shielding for Organic Chemicals -- 6.5 NMR Sensitivity and Receptivity -- 6.6 Proton-NMR Spectroscopy -- 6.7 Carbon-NMR Spectroscopy -- 6.8 Phosphorus-NMR Spectroscopy -- 6.9 Nitrogen-NMR Spectroscopy -- 6.10 Fluorine-NMR Spectroscopy -- 6.11 Xenon-NMR Spectroscopy -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 7 Spin-Echo and Spin-Lock Pulse Sequences in MRI System -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 MRI Scanner -- 7.3 Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence in MRI System -- 7.4 Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence from the Density Matrix Perspective -- 7.5 Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence Parameters of Some Biological Systems -- 7.6 Spin-Lock Pulse Sequence in MRI System -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 8 Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequence in MRI System -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Gradient Coils' Properties -- 8.3 Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequence -- 8.4 Converting Time Domain FID Signal into a Frequency Domain Signal -- 8.5 Sampling Data Space in Gradient-Echo Pulse Sequence -- 8.6 Maximizing the Signal Quality for Gradient-Echo Imaging -- 8.7 Echo-Planar and Spiral Imaging Sequence -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 9 Spin-Spin Coupling. ; 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Density Matrix and Hamiltonian for the Two-Spin System -- 9.3 The Energy Levels and Transition Energy in the Two-Spin System -- 9.4 The Free Induction Decay for the Two-Spin System -- 9.5 The Strong Spin-Spin Coupling in the System -- 9.6 The Weak Spin-Spin Coupling in the System -- 9.7 Quantum Transition in the Two-Spin System -- 9.8 The Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Systems -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- Problem 3 -- Solution 3 -- 10 Hyperpolarized MRI Technique and Its Application in Medical Science -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Spin Population in Hyperpolarized MRI Technique -- 10.3 Different Hyperpolarization Techniques -- 10.4 Hyperpolarized Carbon MRI and Its Applications in Medical Imaging -- 10.5 Hyperpolarized Helium and Xenon MRI and Their Applications in Medical Imaging -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- 11 Some Specific NMR and MRI Techniques -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices -- 11.3 Earth's Magnetic Field NMR -- 11.4 NMR Cryoporometry for Porous Materials -- 11.5 A Summary of Processing NMR and MRI Experiment -- Exercises -- Problem 1 -- Solution 1 -- Problem 2 -- Solution 2 -- A Direct Product -- B The Density Matrix and Hamiltonian Elements for the Two-Spin System -- C The Eigenstate and Eigenvalue of the Two-Spin System -- D The Free Induction Decay Signal Elements for the Two-Spin System -- E The Fourier Transformation Properties -- References -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book bridges the gap between physical foundations and medical applications of the NMR and MRI technologies, making them accessible to both physicists and biomedical scientists. The physical basis of these technologies is discussed in a manner that can be easily understood by scientists from different backgrounds, aiding them in gaining a clearer understanding of the subject.. For instance, the medical applications of NMR and MRI technologies are described in a way that is accessible to physicists. Moreover, geometrical descriptions and specific mathematical tools are used to facilitate the visualizations of many concepts. Furthermore, the book covers modern technologies such as hyperpolarization and several other state-of-the-art techniques, along with their foundations.
• Titolo autorizzato: Fundamentals of NMR and MRI
• ISBN: 3-031-47976-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910799210403321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II