Feed Additives and Supplements for Ruminants

• Autore: Mahesh M. S
• Pubblicazione: Singapore : , : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, , 2024; ©2024
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (525 pages)
• Disciplina: 636.20852
• Altri autori: YataVinod Kumar
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Book -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1: Dietary Applications of Exogenous Enzymes to Improve Nutrient Utilization and Performance in Ruminants -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Cell Wall Components -- 1.2.1 Ruminal Degradation of Cell Wall Components -- 1.3 Exogenous Enzymes in Ruminant Nutrition -- 1.3.1 Common Feed Enzymes for Ruminants -- 1.3.2 Production/Sources of Feed Enzymes -- 1.3.3 Modes of Action of Exogenous Enzyme -- 1.3.3.1 Pre-consumption Effect -- 1.3.3.2 Ruminal Effects (Synergistic Action) -- 1.3.3.3 Post-Ruminal Effects -- 1.3.4 Inclusion Levels of Exogenous Enzymes -- 1.3.5 Application Methods of Exogenous Feed Enzymes -- 1.3.6 Exogenous Enzymes and Performance Attributes of Ruminants -- 1.3.6.1 Effects on Ruminal Microbial Activities and Fiber Disappearance -- 1.3.6.2 Effect on Feedlot Cattle -- 1.3.6.3 Effect on Dairy Cattle -- 1.3.6.4 Effect on Buffaloes -- 1.3.6.5 Effect on Sheep and Goats -- 1.3.7 Limitations of Exogenous Enzymes Utilization in Ruminant Nutrition -- 1.4 Conclusions -- References -- 2: Scope of Microbial Feed Additives in Ruminant Nutrition -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Types of Direct-Fed Microbials for Ruminant Feeding -- 2.3 Mechanism of Action of Direct-Fed Microbials -- 2.3.1 Lactic Acid Producing and Utilizing Bacteria -- 2.3.2 Fungal Direct-Fed Microbials -- 2.4 Proposed Modes of Action of Direct-fed Microbials in the Post-Ruminal Stage -- 2.5 Effects of Direct-Fed Microbials on Performance and Health of Ruminants -- 2.5.1 Rumen pH and Microorganisms -- 2.5.2 Nutrient Intake and Digestion -- 2.5.3 Milk Production and Composition -- 2.5.4 Methane Production -- 2.5.5 Pre-ruminants -- 2.6 Challenges and Constraints for the Application of Direct-Fed Microbials in Ruminants -- 2.7 Safety Aspects of Direct-Fed Microbials. ; 2.8 Conclusion and Practical Considerations in DFM Application -- References -- 3: Nano-Mineral Technology in Ruminant Feeding: Progress and Prospects -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mineral Nutrition in Livestock Production -- 3.3 What are Nano-Minerals? -- 3.3.1 Synthesis of Nano-Minerals for Animal Nutrition Applications -- 3.3.2 Properties of Nano-Minerals -- 3.4 Biological Effects of Nano-Minerals in Ruminants -- 3.4.1 Nutrient Digestibility and Mineral Retention -- 3.4.2 Growth Performance -- 3.4.3 Milk Production -- 3.4.4 Reproduction -- 3.4.5 Rumen Fermentation -- 3.4.6 Hematology and Blood Biochemistry -- 3.4.7 Immunity and Antioxidant Activity -- 3.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook -- References -- 4: Organic Trace Minerals in Ruminant Nutrition: Production, Reproduction, Health, Economics, and Environmental Implications -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Role of Trace Minerals in Ruminants -- 4.3 Bioavailability of Trace Minerals -- 4.3.1 Relative Bioavailability of Trace Minerals -- 4.3.2 Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Trace Minerals -- 4.4 Why Organic Mineral Complexes? -- 4.5 Organic Trace Mineral Complexes vis-à-vis Performance of Ruminants -- 4.6 Mineral Interactions and Organic Trace Mineral Complexes -- 4.7 Economic Considerations while Feeding Organic Trace Minerals -- 4.8 Environmental Benefits of Organic Trace Mineral Supplementation -- 4.9 Conclusions -- References -- 5: Newer Trace Elements for Ruminants -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Newer Trace Elements -- 5.2.1 Chromium -- 5.2.2 Boron -- 5.2.3 Lithium -- 5.2.4 Nickel -- 5.2.5 Silicon -- 5.2.6 Strontium -- 5.2.7 Vanadium -- 5.3 Conclusion -- References -- 6: Advancements in Methane-Mitigating Feed Additives in Ruminants -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overview of Ruminal Methanogenesis -- 6.3 Methane-Mitigating Additives. ; 6.3.1 Chemical Methane-Mitigating Agents -- 6.3.1.1 Nitrate -- 6.3.1.2 Halogenated Compounds -- 6.3.1.3 Nitrooxy Compounds -- 6.3.1.4 Ionophores -- 6.3.2 Plant Secondary Metabolites -- 6.3.2.1 Essential Oils -- 6.3.2.2 Saponins -- 6.3.2.3 Polyphenolic Compounds -- Tannins -- Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids -- 6.3.3 Direct-fed Microbials -- 6.3.4 Prebiotics -- 6.3.5 Lipids -- 6.3.6 Clay Materials -- 6.4 Limitations and Concluding Remarks -- References -- 7: Rumen-Protected Amino Acids for Ruminants -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Significance of Rumen-Protected/Bypass Amino Acids in Ruminant Feeding -- 7.3 Amino Acids in Animal Feedstuffs -- 7.4 Amino Acid Digestion in Ruminants -- 7.5 Strategies for Reducing the Breakdown of AA in the Rumen -- 7.5.1 Heat Treatment -- 7.5.2 Chemical Treatment -- 7.5.3 Encapsulated Amino Acids -- 7.5.4 Amino Acid Analogs -- 7.5.5 Nanotechnology Application -- 7.6 Impact of Supplemental RPM on Various Body Functions -- 7.6.1 Impact of Supplementation of RPM on Growth -- 7.6.2 Impact of Supplementation of RPM on Lactation -- 7.6.3 Impact of Supplementation of RPM on Meat Quality -- 7.6.4 Impact of Supplementation of RPM on Reproduction -- 7.6.5 Impact of Supplementation of RPM on Metabolic Health -- 7.7 Impact of Supplemental RPL on Various Body Functions -- 7.7.1 Impact of Supplementation of RPL on Growth -- 7.7.2 Impact of Supplementation of RPL on Lactation -- 7.7.3 Impact of Supplementation of RPL on Meat Quality -- 7.7.4 Impact of Supplementation of RPL on Reproduction -- 7.7.5 Impact of Supplementation of RPL on Metabolic Health -- 7.8 Economics of Supplementing RPAA -- 7.9 Practical Considerations in Using Bypass Amino Acids -- 7.10 Conclusions -- References -- 8: Phytochemicals as Natural Feed Additives for Ruminants -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Tannins. ; 8.2.1 Biological Characteristics of Tannins -- 8.2.2 Tannins in Ruminant Nutrition -- 8.2.2.1 Effects on Voluntary Feed Intake -- 8.2.2.2 Effects on Digestibility -- 8.2.2.3 Effects on Urea Recycling -- 8.2.2.4 Effects on Microbial Efficiency -- 8.2.2.5 Effects on Growth -- 8.2.2.6 Effects on Milk Production -- 8.2.2.7 Effects on Reproductive Performance -- 8.2.2.8 Effects on Prevention of Bloat -- 8.2.2.9 Effects on Internal Parasites -- 8.2.2.10 Effects on Enteric Methane Emission -- 8.3 Saponins -- 8.3.1 Saponins in Rumen and Effects on Microbial Fermentation -- 8.3.2 Effects of Saponins on Enteric Methane Production -- 8.3.3 Effects of Saponins on Intake and Digestibility -- 8.3.4 Effects of Saponins on Nitrogen Metabolism -- 8.3.5 Effects of Saponins on Lipid Metabolism -- 8.3.6 Effects of Saponins on Immunity -- 8.4 Essential Oils -- 8.4.1 Antimicrobial Properties -- 8.4.2 Effects in Ruminants -- 8.4.2.1 Effects on Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism -- 8.4.2.2 Effects on Enteric Methane Production -- 8.4.2.3 Effects on Animal Performance -- 8.4.2.4 Effects on Growth and Immunity -- 8.5 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Herbal Feed Additives and Supplements for a Sustainable Ruminant Production -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Effects of Herbal Additives on Ruminant Performance -- 9.2.1 Herbal Additives and Feed Intake -- 9.2.2 Herbal Additives and Immunopotentiation -- 9.2.3 Herbal Additives and Antioxidant Function -- 9.2.4 Herbal Additives to Improve Reproductive Performance -- 9.2.4.1 Female Reproduction -- 9.2.4.2 Male Reproduction -- 9.2.5 Herbal Additives and Milk Production -- 9.2.6 Herbal Additives and Meat Quality -- 9.2.7 Herbal Additives and Growth Performance -- 9.2.8 Herbal Additives as Modifiers of Rumen Fermentation -- 9.2.9 Herbal Additives in Ethno-Veterinary Practices -- 9.3 Conclusion -- References. ; 10: Exploring Condensed Tannin to Control Gastro-Intestinal Parasitism in Small Ruminants -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Gastro-Intestinal Helminthic Infections -- 10.2.1 Clinical Conditions Associated with Gastro-Intestinal Parasites -- 10.2.2 Haemato-Biochemical Changes -- 10.2.3 Immunological Changes -- 10.3 Tannins -- 10.3.1 Chemistry and Types -- 10.3.2 Interaction of Condensed Tannin with Protein -- 10.3.3 Condensed Tannin on Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes -- 10.3.3.1 Direct Effects of Condensed Tannin on Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes -- 10.3.3.2 Indirect Effects of Condensed Tannin on Gastro-Intestinal Nematodes -- 10.3.4 Effect of Condensed Tannin on Performance of Animals Infected with GIN -- 10.3.4.1 Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility -- 10.3.4.2 Haemato-Biochemical Parameters and Immune Response -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- 11: Mycotoxin Binders for a Safe Ruminant-Derived Food Production -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Mycotoxin Types -- 11.2.1 Prevalence of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed -- 11.2.2 Mycotoxins in Ruminants -- 11.2.3 Factors Influencing Mycotoxin Absorption in Ruminants -- 11.2.4 Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Ruminants -- 11.2.4.1 Aflatoxin -- 11.2.4.2 Zearalenone -- 11.2.4.3 Deoxynivalenol -- 11.2.4.4 Ochratoxin A -- 11.2.4.5 Fumonisins -- 11.3 Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins on Consumers of Animal Products -- 11.4 Mycotoxin Management Strategies -- 11.4.1 Crop Level Strategies -- 11.4.2 Feed Mill Level Strategies -- 11.4.3 Animal Level Strategies -- 11.4.4 In-Feed Mycotoxin Binders: Mechanisms of Action -- 11.4.4.1 Adsorption Mode -- Natural Clay Materials -- Activated Carbon -- Synthetic Materials -- Others -- 11.4.4.2 Chemical Degradation Agents -- 11.4.4.3 Bio-Transformation Agents -- 11.5 Conclusion -- References -- 12: Role of Flavoured Additives in Ruminant Production. ; 12.1 Introduction.
• Titolo autorizzato: Feed Additives and Supplements for Ruminants
• ISBN: 9789819707942; 9789819707935
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910872182303321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II