Elementary-particle physics / / Elementary-Particle Physics Panel, Physics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council

• Pubblicazione: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1986
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (248 p.)
• Disciplina: 539.7/2
• Soggetto topico: Particles (Nuclear physics); Nuclear physics
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Physics Through the 1990s -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE REVOLUTION IN PARTICLE PHYSICS -- WHAT WE WANT TO KNOW -- THE TOOLS OF ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS -- THE FUTURE OF ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS IN THE UNITED STATES -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNIVERSITY-BASED RESEARCH GROUPS AND USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEW ACCELERATOR FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEORETICAL RESEARCH IN PARTICLE PHYSICS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NONACCELERATOR PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS -- CONCLUSION -- 1 Introduction -- ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS -- WHAT WE KNOW -- WHAT WE WANT TO KNOW -- THE TOOLS OF ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS -- THE FUTURE TOOLS OF ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS -- 2 What Is Elementary-Particle Physics? -- WHAT IS AN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE -- How Many Kinds of Elementary Particles Are There? -- The Size of Elementary Particles -- Elementary Particles and High Energy -- THE KNOWN BASIC FORCES AND FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES -- The Four Basic Forces -- The Known Families of Elementary Particles -- The Force-Carrying Particles -- The Leptons -- The Quarks -- The Hadrons -- Particles and Antiparticles -- COLLISIONS AND DECAYS -- Collisions of Particles -- Collision Diagrams -- Collisions and Interactions -- Spontaneous Disintegration of Particles -- CONSERVATION LAWS AND SYMMETRY IDEAS -- What Are Conservation Laws? -- Symmetry and Invariance -- Symmetry Breaking -- EXPERIMENTS, ACCELERATIONS, AND PARTICLES DETECTORS -- Experimental Methods in Elementary-Particle Physics -- Experiments at Fixed-Target Accelerators -- Fixed-Target Accelerators -- Targets -- Particle Detectors for Charged Particles -- Secondary Particle Beams. ; Particle Colliders -- Experiments at Particle Colliders -- The Decays of Particles -- Experiments in Elementary-Particle Physics Without Accelerators -- 3 What We Have Learned in the Past Two Decades -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUARK MODEL OF HADRONS -- The Beginnings of the Quark Model -- The Discovery of the Charmed Quark -- Charmonium States -- DISCOVERY OF THE THIRD GENERATION OF LEPTONS AND QUARKS -- The Discovery of the Tau Lepton -- The Discovery of the Bottom Quark -- The Third Generation -- HOW QUARKS INTERACT -- Hadron Interactions -- Lepton-Proton Scattering Experiments -- Hadron Jets -- UNIFICATION OF THE WEAK AND ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS -- STRONG INTERACTION AMONG QUARKS -- UNIFIED THEORIES -- 4 Elementary-Particle Physics: What We Want To Know -- INTRODUCTION -- The Problem of Mass -- Where Do All These Mass Scales Originate? -- Composite Quarks and Leptons? -- Unification of the Fundamental Forces? -- Interaction of Hadrons -- USING EXISTING ACCELERATORS AND ACCELERATORS UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- THE NEED FOR HIGHER-ENERGY ACCELERATORS -- SOME FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES -- 5 Accelerators for Elementary-Particle Physics -- INTRODUCTION TO ACCELERATORS -- The Why and How of Accelerators -- Particle Colliders -- Superconducting Magnets in Accelerators -- Progress in Accelerators and The Energy Frontier -- ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE VARIETY OF ACCELERATORS -- Study of the Properties of Known Particles -- Study of the Known Forces -- Tests of New Ideas and Theories -- The Search for New Particles and the Mass Scale -- Searches for Clues to Puzzles and Exploration of the Unknown -- ACCELERATORS WE ARE USING AND BUILDING -- Proton Accelerators: Fixed Target -- Proton-Proton and Proton-Antiproton Colliders at CERN -- The 2-TeV Proton-Antiproton Collider at Fermilab -- Electron Accelerators: Fixed Target -- Circular Electron-Positron Colliders. ; The TRISTAN and LEP Electron-Positron Circular Colliders -- Linear Electron-Positron Colliders -- Electron-Proton Colliders -- THE SUPERCONDUCTING SUPER COLLIDER, A VERY-HIGH-ENERGY PROTON-PROTON COLLIDER -- Physics Goals -- Collider Goals -- Design Studies -- Superconducting Magnets -- Preliminary Collider Designs and Considerations -- Schedule and Cost -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR VERY-HIGH-ENERGY LINEAR COLLIDERS -- Physics Motivation -- Present Technology and Concepts -- RESEARCH ON ADVANCED CONCEPTS FOR ACCELERATORS AND COLLIDERS -- Linear Accelerators and Colliders -- Ultrahigh-Energy Circular Colliders -- The Need for Advanced Research on Accelerators and Colliders -- 6 Instruments and Detectors for Elementary-Particle Physics -- INTRODUCTION -- DETECTOR REQUIREMENTS AND PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF DETECTION -- DETECTORS FOR COLLIDER EXPERIMENTS -- Close-in Detection: Vertex Detectors -- Charged-Particle Tracking Chambers -- Identification of Particle Types -- Calorimetric Detection and Energy Measurement -- DETECTORS IN FIXED-TARGET EXPERIMENTS -- Small or Simple Fixed-Target Experiments -- Large or Complex Fixed-Target Experiments -- Bubble Chamber -- DATA REDUCTION AND COMPUTERS -- FACILITIES AND DETECTORS FOR EXPERIMENTS NOT USING ACCELERATORS -- Atomic, Optical, Electronic, and Cryogenic Experiments -- Experiments Using Radioactive Material or Reactors -- Experiments Using Cosmic Rays -- The Solar Neutrino Experiment -- Searches for the Decay of the Proton -- SUMMARY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- 7 Interactions with Other Areas of Physics and Technology -- COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPHYSICS -- COSMIC-RAY PHYSICS -- NUCLEAR PHYSICS -- ATOMIC PHYSICS -- CONDENSED-MATTER THEORETICAL PHYSICS -- OTHER APPLICATIONS OF ACCELERATORS -- Synchrotron Radiation -- Accelerators in Medicine -- High-Intensity Neutron Sources -- Accelerators and Plasma Physics. ; LARGE-SCALE USES OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY -- SUPPORT AND STIMULATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGY -- 8 Education, Organization, and Decision Making in Elementary-Particle Physics -- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND -- Before 1960 -- After 1960 in the United States -- After 1950 Abroad -- PACE AND PLANNING IN ACCELERATOR CONSTRUCTION AND USE -- Conception -- Proposal -- Decision -- Construction -- Use of Accelerators for Physics -- The Death of an Accelerator -- SUMMARY -- THE NATURE OF ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTATION -- GRADUATE EDUCATION -- INTERACTION BETWEEN THE PARTICLE-PHYSICS COMMUNITY AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT -- Universities -- Accelerator Laboratories -- Decision Making and Advice -- INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND COMPETITION -- FUTURE TRENDS AND ISSUES -- Graduate Students' Role -- Scientific Manpower in Particle Physics -- Advanced Accelerator and Detector Research -- Laboratory Management -- Advisory Structure -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- THE REVOLUTION OF THE PAST TWO DECADES -- HOW THE REVOLUTION WAS MADE -- WHAT WE WANT TO KNOW -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNIVERSITY-BASED RESEARCH GROUPS AND USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NEW ACCELERATOR FACILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACCELERATOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEORETICAL RESEARCH IN PARTICLE PHYSICS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NONACCELERATOR PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ELEMENTARY-PARTICLE PHYSICS -- CONCLUSION -- Appendixes -- A The World's High-Energy Accelerators -- B Particle Colliders Under Construction -- C Statistical Information on Elementary-Particle Physics Research in the United States -- Physicists and Graduate Students in Elementary-Particle Physics -- Funding for Elementary-Particle Physics Research -- Glossary -- Index.
• Titolo autorizzato: Elementary Particle Physics
• ISBN: 1-280-22239-5; 9786610222391; 0-309-53466-6; 0-585-08509-9
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9910825934203321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
• Serie: Physics through the 1990s.