Degradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials

• Autore: Rabnawaz Muhammad
• Pubblicazione: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2025; ©2025
• Edizione: 1st ed.
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (385 pages)
• Altri autori: SelkeSusan E. M WymanIan
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 General Introduction -- 1.2 What Are Some Ideal Properties of Packaging? -- 1.3 Liquid Resistance and Barrier Properties -- 1.4 End-of-Life (EoL) Outcomes -- 1.5 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) -- 1.6 Open-Looped Versus Closed-Loop Processes -- 1.7 Recycling -- 1.8 Biodegradable and Compostable Packaging -- 1.9 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2 Plastics -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 How Are Polymers Named? -- 2.2.1 Classification of Polymers -- 2.2.1.1 Classification Based on the Polymer Structure -- 2.2.1.2 Classification Based on the Mechanism -- 2.2.1.3 Classification Based on the Source -- 2.2.1.4 Classification Based on Cost and Performance -- 2.2.1.5 Classification Based on Thermal Behavior -- 2.3 Molecular Architecture -- 2.3.1 Homopolymers and Copolymers -- 2.3.2 Polymer Molecular Weights -- 2.4 Polymer Characterization Techniques -- 2.4.1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 2.4.2 Size Exclusion Chromatography -- 2.4.3 Viscosity -- 2.5 Microscopy Techniques -- 2.6 Physical State of a Polymer -- 2.7 Thermal Transitions -- 2.8 Mechanical Properties -- 2.9 Degradation of Polymers/Plastics -- 2.9.1 Overview -- 2.9.2 Impact of Degradation on Polymer Properties -- 2.10 Wanted Versus Unwanted Degradation in Polymers -- 2.10.1 Unwanted/Undesirable Degradation -- 2.10.2 Wanted/Desirable Degradation -- 2.11 Do all Polymers Degrade at the Same Rate? -- 2.11.1 How Can We Know if a Polymer Is Stable or not Against a Particular Degradation Environment? -- 2.12 Types of Polymer Degradation -- 2.12.1 Thermal Degradation -- 2.12.1.1 The Chemistry of Thermal Degradation -- 2.12.1.2 Some Polymers Degrade by Unzipping and Others by Random Scission -- 2.12.2 Oxidative Degradation -- 2.12.3 Photodegradation. ; 2.12.4 Chemical Degradation -- 2.12.4.1 Hydrolysis -- 2.12.4.2 Environmental Stress Cracking -- 2.12.4.3 Other Chemical Reactions -- 2.12.4.4 Summary of Chemical Degradation Susceptibilities of Various Polymers -- 2.12.5 Mechanical Degradation -- 2.13 Methods for Studying Polymer Degradation -- 2.13.1 Weathering -- 2.13.2 Thermal Degradation -- 2.13.3 Photochemical Degradation -- 2.13.3.1 Change in Molecular Weight -- 2.14 Stabilization of Polymers -- 2.14.1 Antioxidants -- 2.14.1.1 Chain-breakingElectron Acceptors (CB-AAntioxidants) -- 2.14.1.2 Chain-breakingElectron Donors (CB-DAntioxidants) -- 2.14.2 Peroxide Decomposers -- 2.14.2.1 Stoichiometric Peroxide Decomposers (PD-S) -- 2.14.2.2 Catalytic Peroxide Decomposers (PD-C) -- 2.14.3 Metal Deactivators (MDs) -- 2.14.3.1 UV Light Absorbers and Other Light Stabilizers -- 2.14.3.2 UV Light Absorbers (UVA) -- 2.14.4 Quenchers of Photo-excited States -- 2.14.5 Special Stabilizers -- 2.14.6 Drawbacks of Stabilizers -- 2.15 Summary -- Problem Set -- References -- Chapter 3 Wood -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Wood Degradation -- 3.2.1 Weathering -- 3.2.1.1 Effects of Various Influences on Weathering -- 3.2.1.2 Effects of Wood Composition -- 3.3 Chemical Degradation -- 3.4 Biological Decomposition (Decay) -- Problem Set -- References -- Chapter 4 Paper Degradation and Stabilization -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Durability and Permanence -- 4.2.1 Quality of Paper Fiber -- 4.3 Biological Degradation of Paper -- 4.4 Wet-Strength Papers -- 4.4.1 Major Categories of Wet-Strength Papers -- 4.4.1.1 Urea-FormaldehydeB-stageDerivatives -- 4.4.1.2 Melamine-FormaldehydeCationic Colloids and Derivatives -- 4.4.1.3 Polyamide-Polyamine-Epichlorohydrin(PPE) Resins -- 4.4.2 Overview of Wet-Strength Resins -- 4.5 Sustainable Materials for Paper Coating for Packaging Applications -- 4.6 Concluding Remarks. ; Problem Set for Chapter 4 -- References -- Chapter 5 Glass -- 5.1 Advantages of Glass -- 5.2 Disadvantages of Glass -- 5.3 Glass Chemistry -- 5.3.1 Composition -- 5.3.2 Glass Making Process -- 5.3.2.1 Common Types of Glass and Modification Strategies -- 5.3.2.2 Stability of Glass -- 5.4 Chemical Corrosion -- 5.4.1 Leaching -- 5.4.2 Etching -- 5.4.3 Weathering -- 5.5 Physical Stability and Strength of Glass -- 5.6 Chemical Modification and/or Strengthening -- 5.6.1 Strengthening via the Fused Salt Mixture Approach -- 5.6.2 Thermal Strengthening or Toughening -- 5.6.2.1 Recyclability of Glass -- 5.7 Conclusions -- Problem Set -- References -- Chapter 6 Degradation and Stabilization of Metals -- 6.1 Benefits of Metals as Packaging -- 6.2 Disadvantages of Metals as Packaging -- 6.3 Basic Aspects of Metal Corrosion -- 6.4 Elements Required for Corrosion -- 6.4.1 Anodes and Cathodes -- 6.4.2 Electrolyte (the Internal Circuit) -- 6.4.3 Circuit -- 6.5 Role of Liquid Water in Corrosion -- 6.6 Methods for Protecting Metals Used in Packaging from Corrosion -- 6.6.1 External Environment Protection -- 6.6.2 Internal Environment Protection -- 6.7 Structure of Tinplate and Tin-Free Steel -- 6.8 Corrosion in Plain (Uncoated) Tin Cans -- 6.8.1 Normal Detinning -- 6.8.2 Rapid Detinning -- 6.8.3 Partial Detinning and Pitting -- 6.8.4 Pitting Only -- 6.9 Corrosion in Lacquered Cans -- 6.10 Effects of Products, Processing, and Storage -- 6.10.1 Effects of Products -- 6.10.2 Effects of Processing and Storage Conditions -- 6.11 VCI Packaging Materials -- 6.12 Corrosion of Aluminum -- 6.13 Lacquer Coatings for Cans -- 6.13.1 Bisphenol A (BPA) -- 6.14 Concluding Remarks -- Problem Set for Chapter 6 -- References -- Chapter 7 Solid Waste Issues -- 7.1 Overview of Packaging Waste in U.S. Municipal Solid Waste -- 7.1.1 Municipal Solid Waste. ; 7.1.2 Products Generated in MSW, 2018 -- 7.1.3 Materials Generated in MSW, 2018 -- 7.2 Disposal of Packaging Materials -- 7.2.1 Landfills -- 7.2.2 Incineration -- 7.2.2.1 So, Which Is More Expensive, Landfilling or Incineration? -- 7.2.3 Heavy Metals in Packaging - CONEG Model Toxics Law -- 7.2.3.1 Heavy Metals -- 7.2.3.2 Lead -- 7.2.3.3 Cadmium -- 7.2.3.4 Mercury -- 7.2.3.5 Hexavalent Chromium -- 7.2.3.6 Heavy Metals in Packaging -- 7.3 Recovery -- 7.3.1 Composting -- 7.3.2 Composting Process -- 7.4 Reuse and Waste Reduction -- 7.4.1 Reuse -- 7.4.2 Source Reduction -- 7.5 Recycling -- 7.5.1 Recycling - General -- 7.5.2 Collection of Recyclables -- 7.6 Motivation -- 7.6.1 Convenience -- 7.6.2 Education/Publicity -- 7.6.3 Participation Rates Versus Diversion Rates -- 7.6.4 Separation/Sorting -- 7.7 MRFs -- 7.8 Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages -- 7.9 Concluding Remarks -- Problem Set for Chapter 7 -- References -- Chapter 8 Recycling of Metal and Glass -- 8.1 Overview -- 8.2 Metal Recycling -- 8.2.1 Steel Recycling -- 8.3 Open-Loopand Closed-LoopRecycling -- 8.4 Steel Recycling Process -- 8.4.1 Steel Can Recycling Process -- 8.5 Aluminum Recycling (Figure 8.4) -- 8.5.1 Aluminum Beverage Cans -- 8.5.2 Other Aluminum Packaging -- 8.5.3 Aluminum Packaging Recycling Amounts -- 8.5.3.1 Aluminum Packaging Recycling Rates -- 8.5.4 Eddy Current Separation -- 8.6 Glass Recycling -- 8.6.1 Glass Recycling in the United States -- 8.6.2 Glass Packaging Recycling Amounts -- 8.6.3 Glass Recycling Elsewhere -- 8.6.4 Glass Recycling -- 8.6.5 StepsInvolved in Glass Recycling -- 8.6.6 What is the Future of Glass? -- 8.7 Summary -- Problem Set for Chapter 8 -- References -- Chapter 9 Paper and Paperboard Recycling -- 9.1 Sorting Phase -- 9.2 Processing Phase -- 9.3 Processing Phase: Pulp Screening and Cleaning -- 9.4 Processing Phase: Deinking. ; 9.5 Processing Phase: Refining, Color Stripping, and Bleaching -- 9.6 Processing Phase: Papermaking -- 9.7 Recyclable Versus Repulpable Paper -- 9.8 Uses of Recycled Paper -- 9.8.1 Paper Recycling in Europe and Other Areas -- 9.9 Contamination Issues -- 9.10 Concluding Remarks -- Problem Set for Paper Recycling -- References -- Chapter 10 Plastics Recycling -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Plastic Recycling Rates -- 10.3 Recycling of Plastics Packaging -- 10.4 What Is the Impact of Impurities in Plastics Mechanical Recycling? -- 10.5 United States Plastic Scrap Exports -- 10.6 Plastic Recycling Elsewhere -- 10.6.1 European Plastic Recycling Numbers -- 10.7 Global Plastic Recycling Rates -- 10.8 CO2 Footprint of Different Ways of Plastic Disposal -- 10.9 Terminology in Plastic Recycling -- 10.9.1 Postindustrial Versus Postconsumer Plastics -- 10.9.2 Chemical Versus Mechanical Recycling -- 10.9.3 Extraction Approach -- 10.9.4 Pyrolysis -- 10.9.5 Chemical Upcycling -- 10.9.5.1 Challenges Associated with Plastics Recycling -- 10.9.5.2 Prices of Recycled plastics as of October 2023 -- 10.10 Emerging Trends in Recycling -- 10.10.1 Challenges in Mechanical Recycling of Plastics -- 10.10.1.1 Path Forward to Solve this Problem -- 10.10.2 Digital Watermarking -- 10.10.3 Near IR sorting -- 10.10.4 Monomaterials -- 10.10.5 Moving Towards Fewer Plastics -- 10.10.6 Additives for Mechanical Recycling -- 10.10.7 Additives to Enhance Properties of Recycled Materials -- 10.10.8 Flexible packaging -- 10.10.9 Path Forward in Mechanical Recycling -- 10.11 Trends in Chemical Recycling -- 10.11.1 Depolymerization to Monomers -- 10.11.2 Conversion of Plastic Waste into Petrochemicals (chemicals) -- 10.11.3 Summary of the Plastic Recycling Landscape -- 10.11.4 PET Recycling -- 10.11.5 Chemical Recycling of PET. ; 10.11.6 Key Technologies/initiatives in PET (Polyesters) Chemical Recycling.
• Titolo autorizzato: Degradation, Stabilization, and Recycling of Packaging Materials
• ISBN: 9781394294275; 1394294271; 9781394294282; 139429428X; 9781394294299; 1394294298
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Record Nr.: 9911018809503321
• Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II