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Emerging technologies for nutrition research [[electronic resource] ] : potential for assessing military performance capability / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry and Rebecca B. Costello, editors
| Emerging technologies for nutrition research [[electronic resource] ] : potential for assessing military performance capability / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry and Rebecca B. Costello, editors |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (729 p.) |
| Disciplina | 613.2/088/355 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
NewberrySydne J
CostelloRebecca B |
| Soggetto topico |
Nutrition - Research
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-19159-7
9786610191598 0-309-55338-5 0-585-03714-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455663303321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Emerging technologies for nutrition research [[electronic resource] ] : potential for assessing military performance capability / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry and Rebecca B. Costello, editors
| Emerging technologies for nutrition research [[electronic resource] ] : potential for assessing military performance capability / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry and Rebecca B. Costello, editors |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (729 p.) |
| Disciplina | 613.2/088/355 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
NewberrySydne J
CostelloRebecca B |
| Soggetto topico |
Nutrition - Research
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| ISBN |
0-309-17453-8
1-280-19159-7 9786610191598 0-309-55338-5 0-585-03714-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778770003321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Emerging technologies for nutrition research : potential for assessing military performance capability / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry and Rebecca B. Costello, editors
| Emerging technologies for nutrition research : potential for assessing military performance capability / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Sydne J. Carlson-Newberry and Rebecca B. Costello, editors |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (729 p.) |
| Disciplina | 613.2/088/355 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
NewberrySydne J
CostelloRebecca B |
| Soggetto topico |
Nutrition - Research
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| ISBN |
0-309-17453-8
1-280-19159-7 9786610191598 0-309-55338-5 0-585-03714-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE -- FOCUS OF THE REPORT -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Contents -- Emerging Technologies for Nutrition Research -- I COMMITTEE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 Project Overview and Committee Summary -- PROJECT OVERVIEW -- The Committee's Task -- The Current Army Program and Its Future Needs -- COMMITTEE SUMMARY -- Techniques of Body Composition Assessment -- Body Composition Standards in the Military -- Body Composition Assessment Techniques Proposed to Replace Hydrodensitometry as the Criterion Method -- Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry -- Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Other Techniques -- Computerized Axial Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Correlation between Body Composition, Health Status, and Physical Performance -- Summary -- Tracer Techniques for the Study of Metabolism -- Use of Isotopic Tracers to Study Metabolism -- Future Directions -- Use of Positron Emission Tomography to Study Protein Metabolism -- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Tool to Study Metabolism -- Summary -- Ambulatory Techniques for Measurement of Energy Expenditure -- Doubly Labeled Water for Energy Expenditure -- Using Foot Contact Time to Estimate the Metabolic Cost of Locomotion -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Measuring Plasma Metabolites -- Summary -- Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Nutrition -- Regulation of Gene Expression by Nutrients and Metabolites -- Applications for Techniques Used to Study Gene Expression -- Isolated Cell Approaches -- Summary -- Assessment of Immune Function -- New Approaches to the Study of Abnormal Immune Function -- Evaluation of Humoral Immunity (Production of Antibodies) -- Evaluation of Cell-Mediated Immune Functions -- In Vitro Assays of Lymphocyte Function.
Phagocytic Cell Assays -- New Techniques for Producing Immunity via Oral Immunization -- Production of Recombinant Bacterial Antigen for Oral Immunization -- Use of Enterotoxins as Vaccine Carriers and Adjuvants -- Use of Transgenic Plants to Generate Antibodies for Passive Immunotherapy -- Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction for Identification and Cloning of Antibodies -- Microencapsulation of Antigens and Antibodies -- Summary -- Assessment of Immune Function -- Techniques for Oral Vaccine Production -- Functional and Behavioral Measures of Nutritional Status -- Involuntary Muscle Contraction to Assess Nutritional Status -- Application of Cognitive Performance Assessment Technology to Military Nutrition Research -- Technical Advances in Cognitive Performance Assessment -- Computers and Miniaturization -- Improvement in Interface Technology -- Summary -- 2 Committee Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations -- RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS POSED BY THE ARMY -- Techniques of Body Composition Assessment -- Tracer Techniques for the Study of Metabolism -- Ambulatory Techniques for Measurement of Energy Expenditure -- Molecular and Cellular Approaches to Nutrition -- Assessment of Immune Function -- Functional and Behavioral Measures of Nutritional Status -- COMMITTEE CONCLUSIONS -- COMMITTEE RECOMMENDATIONS -- II THE CURRENT ARMY PROGRAM AND ITS FUTURE NEEDS -- 3 Emerging Technologies in Nutrition Research for the Military: Overview of the Issues -- INTRODUCTION -- ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITARY NUTRITION RESEARCH PROGRAM -- PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAM -- Development of Nutritional Strategies -- Performance-Enhancing Ration Components -- Dietary Treatments to Counteract Immunosuppression -- Dietary Interventions to Meet Special Requirements -- Evaluation of Operational Rations and Field Feeding Systems -- Establishment of Nutritional Standards. Determination of Nutritional Status of Military Populations -- OTHER NUTRITIONALLY RELATED RESEARCH -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS -- References -- III TECHNIQUES OF BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT -- 4 Military Application of Body Composition Assessment Technologies -- ARMY BODY COMPOSITION STANDARDS: GOALS AND METHODS -- VALIDATION OF MILITARY EQUATIONS AGAINST CRITERION METHODS -- Shortcomings of Underwater Weighing -- Errors Produced by Assumptions in the Interpretation of Body Density -- Improved Criterion Measure with a Four-Compartment Model -- DEXA Soft Tissue Analysis as a Practical Improvement over Underwater Weighing -- Other Technologies for Expedient Body Fat Assessment -- SIGNIFICANCE OF BODY FAT TOPOGRAPHY AND MUSCLE MASS DISTRIBUTION -- Abdominal Girth: Male Body Fat Predictor and Marker of Personal Readiness Goals -- Diversity of Female Body Fat Topography and Physiology -- Future Standards Development with Lean Mass Assessments -- ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN NUTRITIONAL AND HYDRATIONAL STATUS -- Validity of Anthropometric Equations Derived from Cross-Sectional Data When Applied to Predict Chang ... -- Confounding Effects of Large Weight Losses in Ranger Training: Increases in Hydration and Questionab ... -- Considerations in the Assessment of Nutritional Compromise -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 5 Imaging Techniques of Body Composition: Advantages of Measurement and New Uses -- INTRODUCTION -- Historical Development -- Components Measured -- PHYSICAL BASIS OF METHODS -- Overview -- Computerized Axial Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- BODY COMPONENT RECONSTRUCTION -- Computerized Axial Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- VALIDATION STUDIES -- Computerized Axial Tomography -- Phantoms and Cadavers -- Verification of Volume Measurements In Vivo -- Reproducibility. Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Phantoms -- Animals -- Cadavers -- Comparison with CT -- Reliability -- ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES -- REFERENCE TECHNIQUE FOR HUMAN FAT MEASUREMENT? -- FUTURE APPLICATIONS -- AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 6 Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry: Research Issues and Equipment -- INTRODUCTION -- EQUIPMENT -- ASSESSMENT OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY -- Reliability and Precision -- Validity -- ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION -- Reliability and Precision -- Validity -- Underlying Principles of Body Composition Assessment by DXA -- Sources of Error in the Assessment of Body Composition by DXA -- Hydration Status. -- Tissue Thickness. -- Soft Tissue Composition in Bone Regions. -- Comparisons of DXA and Hydrodensitometry -- ASSESSMENT OF REGIONAL BODY COMPOSITION -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 7 Bioelectrical Impedance: A History, Research Issues, and Recent Consensus -- HISTORY -- IMPEDANCE AND BODY WATER -- IMPEDANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION -- QUANTIFICATION OF CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION -- SEGMENTAL BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE -- MULTIFREQUENCY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE -- Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Spectral Analysis -- IMPEDANCE AND BLOOD CHEMISTRY -- ETHNICITY -- NIH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT CONFERENCE: BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS IN BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENT -- AUTHORS' CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- III Discussion -- IV TRACER TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF METABOLISM -- 8 Stable Isotope Tracers: Technological Tools that have Emerged -- ISOTOPES IN NATURE -- ACCESS TO INACCESSIBLE COMPARTMENTS -- EXPRESSION OF TRACER DILUTION -- ANALYTICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- ADVANTAGES OF STABLE ISOTOPE TRACER USE -- SELECTED RECENT EXAMPLES OF STABLE ISOTOPE USE -- SIGNIFICANCE TO THE MILITARY -- References. 9 Measurement of Energy Substrate Metabolism Using Stable Isotopes -- INTRODUCTION -- BREATH 13C/12C RATIO METHOD TO MEASURE SUBSTRATE OXIDATION -- Description of Methodology -- Performance of Breath Ratio Method -- Current Research Using Breath Ratio Method -- Scientific Advantages and Disadvantages of the Breath Ratio Methodology -- Cost/Benefit of New Technology -- How Practical is the Technology? -- Can the Method Be Used in the Field? -- TRACER INFUSION MEASUREMENT OF SUBSTRATE OXIDATION -- Description of Methodology -- Review of Application of Methodology -- Scientific Advantages and Disadvantages -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 10 Combined Stable Isotope-Positron Emission Tomography for In Vivo Assessment of Protein Metabolism -- INTRODUCTION -- ISOTOPE TRACER ESTIMATES OF PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID TURNOVER IN VIVO -- Stable Isotope Techniques -- Positron Emission Tomography -- Positron Decay and Coincidence Detection of Radiation Annihilation -- Nuclide Production and Radiotracer Synthesis -- APPLICATIONS OF PET -- Muscle Protein Synthesis as Measured with PET -- Importance of Skeletal Muscle -- Initial Studies with PET -- The Results and Their Interpretation -- The Implications and Some Comments -- AUTHORS' SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Liver and Muscle Glycogen Metabolism in Humans -- INTRODUCTION -- BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY -- NMR Spectrometer -- Applications of NMR Spectroscopy -- GLUCOSE TRANSPORT-PHOSPHORYLATION: THE RATE-LIMITING STEP IN MUSCLE GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS -- NMR SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF LIVER GLYCOGEN METABOLISM -- RELATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY COMPARED TO OTHER TECHNIQUES -- AUTHOR'S SUMMARY -- References -- DISCUSSION -- IV Discussion. V AMBULATORY TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910828415703321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1997 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Food components to enhance performance [[electronic resource] ] : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor
| Food components to enhance performance [[electronic resource] ] : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994 |
| Descrizione fisica | xv, 543 p. : ill |
| Disciplina | 355.3/45 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MarriottBernadette M |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition
Operational rations (Military supplies) Stress (Physiology) - Nutritional aspects |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-21090-7
9786610210909 0-309-56869-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910456458903321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Food components to enhance performance : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor
| Food components to enhance performance : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994 |
| Descrizione fisica | xv, 543 p. : ill |
| Disciplina | 355.3/45 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MarriottBernadette M |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition
Operational rations (Military supplies) Stress (Physiology) - Nutritional aspects |
| ISBN |
1-280-21090-7
9786610210909 0-309-56869-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910780012503321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Food components to enhance performance : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor
| Food components to enhance performance : an evaluation of potential performance-enhancing food components for operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994 |
| Descrizione fisica | xv, 543 p. : ill |
| Disciplina | 355.3/45 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MarriottBernadette M |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition
Operational rations (Military supplies) Stress (Physiology) - Nutritional aspects |
| ISBN |
1-280-21090-7
9786610210909 0-309-56869-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
FOOD COMPONENTS TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE -- Copyright -- Preface -- FOCUS OF THE REPORT -- HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE -- COMMITTEE TASK AND PROCEDURES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Contents -- PART I Committee Summary and Recommendations -- 1 Introduction and Background -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK -- Terms Used in This Report -- Report Organization -- MILITARY RESEARCH ON NUTRITIONAL ENHANCEMENT OF SOLDIER PERFORMANCE -- History and Current Research -- Design Issues for Rations -- Biochemical Strategies and Issues -- PERFORMANCE ISSUES AND MEASUREMENT APPROPRIATE TO THE MILITARY -- Physical Performance -- Mental Performance -- PROVIDING FOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF MILITARY COMBAT SETTINGS -- STRESS AND NUTRIENT INTERACTIONS -- The Central Nervous System -- Endocrine System Responses to Stress -- Immune System Responses to Stress -- Metabolic Responses to Stress and Activity -- POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING FOOD COMPONENTS -- Physical Performance Enhancement -- Food Components that May Enhance Mental Performance -- Nutrients on Neurotransmitter release -- SPECIFIC FOOD COMPONENTS -- Tyrosine -- Carbohydrates -- Glucose -- Structured Lipids -- Choline -- Functions of Choline -- Dietary Choline and Choline Deficiency -- Potential Areas of Clinical and Military Interest -- Caffeine -- Carnitine -- SAFETY AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF POTENTIAL PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING FOOD COMPONENTS -- Safety of Amino Acids -- Regulation of Food Components by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration1 -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 2 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- General Concepts of Performance Enhancement -- Food Components or Nutrients that Offer Potential to Enhance Performance -- Other Food Components of Theoretical Importance but Low Probability of Improving Performance -- ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS POSED TO THE COMMITTEE.
RECOMMENDATIONS -- General -- Recommendations Regarding Food Components Proposed by the Army -- Specific Recommendations -- Other Areas that Offer Research Potential -- AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- PART II Background and Introduction to the Topic -- 3 Nutritional Enhancement of Soldier Performance at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environment... -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGY -- MACRONUTRIENT AND PERFORMANCE RESEARCH AT USARIEM -- Carbohydrate and Work at High Altitude -- Carbohydrate and Thermoregulation During Cold Exposure -- Carbohydrate and Work in the Heat -- Carbohydrate and Load-Bearing Work and Marksmanship -- NUTRITIONAL PHARMACOLOGY (CAFFEINE RESEARCH) -- NUTRITIONAL NEUROTRANSMITTER RESEARCH (TYROSINE) -- CURRENT USARIEM NUTRITION AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT RESEARCH -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 4 Optimizing the Design of Combat Rations -- INTRODUCTION -- OPTIMIZATION CONSIDERATIONS -- SELF-HEATING INDIVIDUAL MEAL MODULE -- Component Preservation -- Self-Heating -- Consumer Acceptance -- NUTRITIONAL ENGINEERING FOR PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT -- Basic Performance-Nutrient Concept -- Goal Programming -- Experimental Diets -- Tailored-Ration System -- SUMMARY: THE CHALLENGE -- REFERENCES -- 5 Biochemical Strategies for Ration Design: Concerns of Bioavailability -- INTRODUCTION -- PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RATION DESIGN -- BIOCHEMICAL STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF NUTRIENTS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- PART III Military Issues -- 6 Evaluation of Physical Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE FACTORS AND THEIR EVALUATION -- Physiological Factors -- Metabolic Capacity -- Neuromotor Control -- Substrates and Tissue Homeostasis -- Assessment of Submaximal Endurance Capacity -- Laboratory Tests of Aerobic Endurance -- Field Task Tests of Aerobic Endurance. RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 7 The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Performance During Continuous Combat Operations -- INTRODUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 8 The Role of Context in Behavioral Effects of Foods -- INTRODUCTION -- DETERMINING A BASELINE -- EXPECTANCY -- CONTROLLING THE FOOD, STIMULUS, AND TREATMENT -- PEOPLE -- Individual Differences -- Clinical Disorders -- Social Influence -- CHEMICALS, FOODS, AND MEALS -- PERFORMANCE AND MOOD OUTCOMES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- PART IV Stress and Nutrient Interactions: Metabolic Consequences -- 9 Stress and Monoamine Neurons in the Brain -- INTRODUCTION -- SYNTHESIS OF MONOAMINES IN THE BRAIN -- Dopamine and Norepinephrine -- Serotonin -- STRESS AND BRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- STRESS AND BRAIN DOPAMINE -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- STRESS AND BRAIN SEROTONIN -- Acute Stress -- Chronic Stress -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 10 Endocrine and Immune System Responses to Stress -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES -- Contributions of Hans Selye -- Studies of Endogenous Pyrogen -- Studies of Infectious Stress -- Studies in Ranger Trainees -- Immunological Progress -- ENDOCRINE RESPONSES TO STRESS -- Catecholamines -- Adrenocortical Responses -- CRF and ACTH -- Adrenal Glucocorticoids -- ADRENAL MINERALOCORTICOIDS -- Growth Hormone -- Thyroidal Responses -- Other Pituitary Hormones -- Testosterone -- Pancreatic Hormones -- Intestinal Hormones -- Other Hormones and Neuroendocrines -- IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSES TO STRESS -- Changes in Lymphoid Cells and Tissues -- Lymphocyte Counts in Stress -- Humoral Immunity and Stress -- Cell-Mediated Immunity and Stress -- Lymphocyte Responses to Mitogens -- Natural Killer Cell Activity -- Cytokine Responses to Stress. Microbicidal and Tumoricidal Effects of NO -- The Immunological Role of Arginine -- The Acute Phase Reaction -- Interleukin-1 -- Tumor Necrosis Factor -- Interleukin-6 -- Potential Importance of Stress Proteins -- Military Aspects of the Acute-Phase Reaction -- Malnutrition and Immune System Dysfunctions -- Nutritional Support for the Immune System -- HORMONAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS DURING STRESS -- Hormonal Effects on Immune System Functions -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 The Metabolic Responses to Stress and Physical Activity -- INTRODUCTION -- UNDERLYING CONCEPTS -- THE FOCUS ON FUEL METABOLISM -- Metabolic Fuel Homeostasis During Physical Exercise -- Fuel Homeostasis Under Baseline Conditions -- Fuel Homeostasis During Exercise -- Levels of Metabolic Integration During Exercise -- FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FUEL UTILIZATION DURING EXERCISE -- BICYCLE ERGOMETER STUDIES -- ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS -- INFORMATION DERIVED USING THE PANCREATIC CLAMP TECHNIQUE -- INFORMATION FROM OTHER ANIMAL MODELS -- INTERPRETATIONS OF THE METABOLIC DATA -- SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART V Potential Performance-Enhancing Food Components -- 12 Food Components That May Optimize Physical Performance: An Overview -- INTRODUCTION -- ACTIONS OF SPECIFIC FOODS AND DERIVATIVES OF FOOD PRODUCTS -- Ergogenic Aids That Act as Central or Peripheral Nervous System Stimulants -- Ergogenic Aids That Increase the Stored Amount or Availability of a Limiting Substrate -- Ergogenic Aids That Act as a Supplemental Fuel Source or Reduce Reliance on a Limiting Fuel Store -- Ergogenic Aids That Reduce or Neutralize Metabolic By-Products -- Ergogenic Aids That Enhance Recovery -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 13 Effects of Nutrients on Neurotransmitter Release1 -- INTRODUCTION. FOOD CONSUMPTION, TRYPTOPHAN AVAILABILITY, AND BRAIN SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS -- BRAIN SEROTONIN, NUTRIENT CHOICE, AND CARBOHYDRATE CRAVING -- UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WILL NUTRIENT INTAKE AFFECT NEUROTRANSMISSION? -- TYROSINE EFFECT ON DOPAMINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE SYNTHESIS -- EFFECTS OF CHOLINE ON SYNTHESIS OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 14 Performance-Enhancing Effects of Protein and Amino Acids -- INTRODUCTION -- EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN: LONG-TERM CONSIDERATIONS -- EFFECT OF DIETARY PROTEIN: SHORT-TERM CONSIDERATIONS -- ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL AAS OR MIXTURES OF AAS -- ROLE OF DIET IN MODULATING RESPONSE TO AA SUPPLEMENTATION -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 15 Tyrosine and Stress: Human and Animal Studies -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Precursor Coupling -- Catecholamines and Stress -- Acute Behavioral Consequences of Combat -- TYROSINE AND ACUTE STRESS: STUDIES IN ANIMALS -- TYROSINE AND ACUTE STRESS: STUDIES IN HUMANS -- Hypobaric Hypoxia -- Acute Cardiovascular Stress -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DISCUSSION -- 16 Tyrosine and Glucose Modulation of Cognitive Deficits Resulting from Cold Stress -- INTRODUCTION -- COLD STRESS AND WORKING MEMORY -- TYROSINE EFFECTS ON COLD-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT -- Cold-Induced Amnesia as a Stress Effect -- Initial Studies with Tyrosine -- Tyrosine Studies During Field Operations in the Cold -- The Effects of Tyrosine on Cold-Induced Impairment in Timing -- Conclusions and Recommendations Regarding the Use of Tyrosine -- Situations in Which Tyrosine is Less Effective -- Tyrosine and Chronic Stress -- Conditions in Which Tyrosine Would Be Contraindicated -- GLUCOSE EFFECTS ON COLD-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT -- Mechanisms of Action of Glucose on Working Memory. Conclusions and Recommendations Regarding Glucose as a Cognition Enhancer. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910817381303321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1994 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Military strategies for sustainment of nutrition and immune function in the field [[electronic resource]]
| Military strategies for sustainment of nutrition and immune function in the field [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, c1999 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (722 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.3/088/355 |
| Soggetto topico |
Nutrition
Immune system Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-18605-4
9786610186051 0-309-55696-1 0-585-05541-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455852403321 |
| Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, c1999 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Military strategies for sustainment of nutrition and immune function in the field [[electronic resource]]
| Military strategies for sustainment of nutrition and immune function in the field [[electronic resource]] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, c1999 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (722 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.3/088/355 |
| Soggetto topico |
Nutrition
Immune system Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| ISBN |
0-309-17318-3
1-280-18605-4 9786610186051 0-309-55696-1 0-585-05541-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778758303321 |
| Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, c1999 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Military strategies for sustainment of nutrition and immune function in the field
| Military strategies for sustainment of nutrition and immune function in the field |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, c1999 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (722 p.) |
| Disciplina | 612.3/088/355 |
| Soggetto topico |
Nutrition
Immune system Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| ISBN |
0-309-17318-3
1-280-18605-4 9786610186051 0-309-55696-1 0-585-05541-6 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- HISTORY OF THE COMMITTEE -- COMMITTEE TASKS AND PROCEDURES -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- COMMITTEE'S TASK -- OVERVIEW OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION -- Background -- FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS -- Nutritional Status -- Nutritional Supplements -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Optimizing General Health Status -- Optimizing Nutritional Status -- Nutritional Supplement Use -- Research Methodology -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- REFERENCES -- I COMMITTEE SUMMARY, RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 A Review of the Role of Nutrition in Immune Function -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK -- STAGE SETTING: THE MILITARY SITUATION -- The Army's Interest in Nutrition and Immune Function -- U.S. Army Training Courses -- Norwegian Ranger Training -- INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNE FUNCTION -- Current State of Knowledge of the Field -- Emerging Infections, Nutritional Status, and Immunity -- The Cytokine System -- ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNE FUNCTION -- Assessment Techniques -- Considerations in Study Design -- NUTRITION -- Nutrients with Roles Implicated in Immune Function -- Protein and Amino Acids -- Vitamins -- Fatty Acids -- Amount of Fatty Acid Intake -- Amount of n-6 PUFA -- Amount of n-3 PUFA -- Minerals -- Iron -- Zinc -- Copper -- Selenium -- Other Factors -- Alcohol -- HEALTH AND STRESS -- Exercise, Infection, and Immunity -- Hormonal Responses to Stress -- The Stress Response Model -- Neuroendocrine Consequences of Systemic Inflammation -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal System -- Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid System -- Pituitary-Gonadal System -- Growth Hormone -- Inflammatory Stress and the Immune System -- Biologic Rhythms in the Immune System and Nutrition.
Biologic Rhythms in the Number and Function of White Blood Cells -- Biologic Rhythms in Cytokines and Their Inhibitors -- Biologic Rhythmicity of the Humoral Immune Response -- Potential Clinical Relevance of Biologic Rhythms in Immune Function -- Factors That Interact with Circadian Rhythms in Immune Function -- Chronopharmacology and Chronotherapeutics -- Effects of Other Stressors on Immune Function -- Extremes of Temperature -- Exposure to High Altitude -- Sleep Deprivation -- Emotional Stress -- Smoking and Environmental Pollutants -- Effects of Combined Stressors -- SUMMARY -- References -- 2 Committee Responses to Questions -- RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS POSED BY THE ARMY -- Technical Issues -- Methodologic Issues -- References -- 3 Committee Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONCLUSIONS -- General Health Status -- Nutritional Status -- Nutritional Supplements -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Optimizing General Health Status -- Optimizing Nutritional Status -- Nutritional Supplement Use -- Research Methodology -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH -- References -- II STAGE SETTING: THE MILITARY SITUATION -- 4 Why Is the Army Interested in Nutrition and Immune Function? -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- IMMUNE SUPPRESSION AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO OPERATIONAL STRESSORS -- MILITARY MODELS TO STUDY OPERATIONAL STRESSORS -- MECHANISMS OF INCREASED INFECTION SUSCEPTIBILITY: ARMY-USDA COOPERATIVE RESEARCH DATA -- SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL FIXES AND THE PROMISE OF IMMUNE SUSTAINMENT AND POTENTIAL SUPERIMMUNITY -- DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: ARMY RESEARCHERS AS THE HONEST BROKERS -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 5 Physiological and Immunological Impact of U.S. Army Special Operations Training -- INTRODUCTION -- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES -- RESULTS -- Studies Involving Ranger Training -- Studies Involving Special Forces Assessment and Selection Training. AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 6 Immune Function Studies During the Ranger Training Course of the Norwegian Military Academy -- INTRODUCTION -- The Ranger Training Course of the Norwegian Military Academy -- IMMUNE CHANGES DURING NORWEGIAN RANGER TRAINING -- Changes in Parameters of Immune Function -- Leukocyte Numbers -- Plasma Levels of Immunoglobulins -- Interleukins -- Lymphocyte Mitogenic Response -- Changes in Phagocyte Function -- Granulocyte Functions -- Monocytes -- Effect of Reducing the Calorie Deficiency -- Neuropeptide Effect During Norwegian Ranger Training -- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- Catecholamines -- Adrenoglucocorticoid Regulation of Phagocyte Function in Animal Studies -- AUTHOR'S SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- III INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNE FUNCTION -- 7 Nutrition and Immune Responses: What Do We Know? -- INTRODUCTION -- GENERAL CONCEPTS -- IMMUNE RESPONSES IN ALTERED NUTRITIONAL STATUS -- Nutrient Deficiencies -- Nutrient Excesses -- OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING IMMUNE RESPONSES -- NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR BOOSTING IMMUNITY -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 8 Cytokines and Nutritional Status: Possible Correlations and Investigations -- INTRODUCTION -- What Are the Cytokines? -- The Nature of the Cytokines -- Biochemistry -- Mode of Action -- Principles of Cytokine Action -- Cytokine Experimentation -- Classification of the Cytokines -- Inflammatory Cytokines -- T- and B-Lymphocyte Growth Factors -- Hematopoietic Growth and Differentiation Factors -- Chemotactic Agents -- Inhibitory/Regulatory Factors -- Cytotoxic/Cytostatic Inducers and Effectors -- Other Growth Factors -- Measurement of Cytokines -- Sample Types and Preparation -- Clinical Use of Cytokines -- Cytokines and Nutrition: Author's Observations and Recommendations -- References. DISCUSSION -- IV ASSESSMENT -- 9 Methodological Issues in Assessment of Human Immune Function -- INTRODUCTION -- RATIONALE FOR IMMUNE ASSESSMENT -- THE IMMUNE SYSTEM -- SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEST SYSTEM -- In Vivo Assessment of Immune Response -- In Vitro Assessment of Immune Response -- Proliferative Response -- Development of Effector Cell Response -- Assessment of Cell Types by Flow Cytometry -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 10 Application of Whole-Blood Cultures to Field Study Measurements of Cellular Immune Function In Vitro -- BACKGROUND -- METHODS AND RESULTS -- Blood Donors -- Blood Collection -- Lymphocyte Proliferation in Whole-Blood Cultures -- Amount of Blood per Culture -- Duration of Incubation of Whole-Blood Cultures -- Duration of 3H-Thymidine Label of Whole-Blood Cultures -- Finalized Durations of Cell Culture and 3H-Thymidine Labeling -- Data Presentation of Lymphocyte Proliferation in Whole-Blood Cultures -- Effects of Holding and Shipping Blood on Whole-Blood Lymphocyte Proliferation -- Cytokine Production and Receptor Release In Vitro -- Concentration of Stimulant per Culture -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSION -- References -- DISCUSSION -- V NUTRITION -- 11 Glutamine -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSIOLOGIC BIOCHEMISTRY -- GLUTAMINE AND IMMUNE FUNCTION -- GLUTAMINE AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT -- AUTHOR'S DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 12 Vitamin A and Immune Function -- INTRODUCTION -- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY -- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY -- VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY IN ADULTS -- VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY AS AN IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDER -- CONSIDERATIONS FOR ADULT MEN AND WOMEN -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances -- INTRODUCTION -- AGING -- Vitamin E -- Vitamin C -- CANCER -- AIDS. ASTHMA AND LUNG FUNCTION -- EXERCISE -- AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 14 Fatty Acids and Immune Functions -- INTRODUCTION -- AMOUNT OF FAT INTAKE AND HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE -- N-6 PUFA AND HUMAN IR -- N-3 PUFA AND HUMAN IMMUNE RESPONSE -- CLINICAL TRIALS WITH N-3 PUFA -- MECHANISMS BY WHICH DIETARY FAT ALTERS IMMUNE RESPONSE -- AUTHOR'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 15 Iron Metabolism, Microbial Virulence, and Host Defenses -- INTRODUCTION -- IRON METABOLISM -- IRON ACQUISITION BY MICROBES -- EFFECTS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ON IMMUNE FUNCTION -- EFFECTS OF IRON EXCESS ON IMMUNE FUNCTION -- CLINICAL DATA IN IRON DEFICIENCY AND IRON EXCESS -- IMPLICATIONS OF IRON DEFICIENCY FOR THE MILITARY -- References -- DISCUSSION -- 16 Trace Minerals, Immune Function, and Viral Evolution -- INTRODUCTION -- ZINC -- COPPER -- Cu-Zn Interactions -- SELENIUM -- AUTHOR'S SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- DISCUSSION -- VI HEALTH AND STRESS -- 17 Exercise, Infection, and Immunity: Practical Applications -- INTRODUCTION -- EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO ACUTE EXERCISE BOUTS -- Mechanisms Behind the Acute Immune Response to Exercise -- Practical Applications for Exercise Prescription -- CHRONIC EXERCISE AND IMMUNITY -- NK Cell Activity -- Cross-Sectional Studies -- Prospective Studies -- Neutrophil Function -- T-Cell Function -- Other Measures of Immunity -- Practical Applications for Exercise Prescription -- EXERCISE AND UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS -- The J Curve -- Heavy Exertion and Risk of URTI -- Moderate Exercise and Risk of URTI -- Public Health Recommendations -- INFECTION AND EXERCISE PERFORMANCE -- Exercise Recommendations During Infection -- EXERCISE AND HIV INFECTION -- Practical Recommendations -- EXERCISE, AGING, AND IMMUNITY. PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR MILITARY RECRUITS AND ATHLETES. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910825957503321 |
| Washington, DC, : National Academy Press, c1999 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Not eating enough [[electronic resource] ] : overcoming underconsumption of military operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor
| Not eating enough [[electronic resource] ] : overcoming underconsumption of military operational rations / / Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine ; Bernadette M. Marriott, editor |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | xiii, 483 p. : ill |
| Disciplina | 613.2/08/8355 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | MarriottBernadette M |
| Soggetto topico |
Operational rations (Military supplies) - United States
Soldiers - United States - Nutrition |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-19281-X
9786610192816 0-309-55656-2 0-585-03082-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910456085303321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
