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Performance assessment for the workplace . Volume I / [[electronic resource] /] / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Performance assessment for the workplace . Volume I / [[electronic resource] /] / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | xii, 260 p. : ill |
| Disciplina | 355.6/1/0973 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
WigdorAlexandra K
GreenBert F |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States - Examinations
Soldiers - United States |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-20371-4
9786610203710 0-309-59781-1 0-585-12526-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455133203321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Performance assessment for the workplace . Volume I / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Performance assessment for the workplace . Volume I / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C. : , : National Academy Press, , 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (272 pages) |
| Disciplina | 355.6/1/0973 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
WigdorAlexandra K
GreenBert F |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States - Examinations
Soldiers - United States |
| ISBN |
1-280-20371-4
9786610203710 0-309-59781-1 0-585-12526-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778882203321 |
| Washington, D.C. : , : National Academy Press, , 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Performance assessment for the workplace . Volume I / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Performance assessment for the workplace . Volume I / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (272 pages) |
| Disciplina | 355.6/1/0973 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
WigdorAlexandra K
GreenBert F |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States - Examinations
Soldiers - United States |
| ISBN |
1-280-20371-4
9786610203710 0-309-59781-1 0-585-12526-0 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Performance Assessment for the Workplace -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contents of Volume II -- Preface -- Overview -- THE JPM PROJECT -- ORIGINS OF THE PROJECT -- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK -- What is Performance? -- What is a Job? -- What is a Task? -- MEASURING JOB PERFORMANCE -- Relative Versus Absolute Measures -- Sampling Issues -- Test Administration -- EVALUATION: THE QUALITY OF THE PERFORMANCE MEASURES -- Reliability -- Validity -- Fairness Analysis -- THE FINAL STEP: LINKING ENLISTMENT STANDARDS TO JOB PERFORMANCE -- 1 Psychological Testing and the Challenge of the Criterion -- INTRODUCTION -- AMERICAN TESTING TECHNOLOGY -- The Science of Testing -- Practical Applications -- The Army Alpha and Beyond -- THE CRITERION PROBLEM IN VALIDATION RESEARCH -- Evolution of the Criterion Problem -- Performance Appraisal -- The Importance of the Criterion Issue -- 2 Policy Goals and Testing -- SELECTION AND TRAINING GOALS -- RECRUITING THE FORCE -- Demographic Trends in the Youth Population -- Recruiting Policy and Fairness Issues -- The Changing Technological Environment -- THE ROLE OF TESTING -- The Evolution of Mental Aptitude Screening in the Military -- The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery -- ENLISTMENT STANDARDS AND QUALITY GOALS -- The Contemporary System -- How Much Quality is Enough? -- 3 Improving Job Performance Criteria for Selection Tests -- THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK -- Phase I: Developing Performance Measures -- Jobs Viewed as a Collection of Tasks -- Assessment of Job Proficiency -- The JPM Criterion Construct -- Benchmarks and Surrogates -- Phase II: Linking Enlistment Standards to Job Performance -- THE RESEARCH PLAN -- Selection of Occupations for Study -- Army -- Navy -- Air Force -- Marine Corps -- Types of Criterion Measures Developed -- Hands-On Tests -- Walk-Through Performance Tests -- Simulations -- Job Knowledge Tests.
Ratings -- Types of Predictors Assessed -- Development of Performance Measures -- SIZE OF THE RESEARCH EFFORT -- 4 The Development of Job Performance Measures -- JOB PERFORMANCE AS A CONSTRUCT -- STEPS IN DEVELOPING JOB PERFORMANCE MEASURES -- THE JOB CONTENT UNIVERSE -- Task Analysis -- Trait Analysis and Task-by-Trait Analysis -- Generic Task-by-Trait Analysis -- Local Task-by-Trait Analysis -- Cognitive Task Analysis -- Characteristics of Job Tasks and Traits -- Importance -- Frequency -- Difficulty -- Modifiability -- Variability -- Other Characteristics -- The JPM Definition of the Job Content Universe -- DEFINING THE DOMAIN OF INTEREST -- Approaches to Task Sampling -- Specification of Test Content -- Task Editing -- An Example: Marine Corps Infantryman -- SCORING HANDS-ON TESTS -- Scoring Performance on Tasks -- Computing Test Scores -- CONCLUSION -- 5 The Testing of Personnel -- SAMPLING PERSONNEL -- Specifying the Personnel to be Tested -- Selecting the Personnel to be Tested -- THE IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDIZATION -- Standardization and Prediction -- Standardization and Performance Standards -- STANDARDIZATION ISSUES IN HANDS-ON TESTING -- Standardizing the Test Conditions -- Selecting and Training the Test Administrators -- Calibrating the Test Administration -- CONCLUSION -- 6 Evaluating the Quality of Performance Measures: Reliability -- RELIABILITY -- The Classical Formulation -- Approaches to Reliability Analysis -- Reliability Analysis in the JPM Project -- UNDERSTANDING MULTIPLE SOURCES OF ERROR -- G-Theory Analysis -- JPM Applications of G-Theory Analysis -- 7 Evaluating the Quality of Performance Measures: Content Representativeness -- From Concept to Practice -- Sampling Issues -- Purposive Sampling -- Random Sampling -- How Representative Are Purposive Samples? -- Rapprochement -- PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS AS JOB SIMULATIONS. 8 Evaluating the Quality of Performance Measures: Criterion-Related Validity Evidence -- OVERVIEW OF CRITERION-RELATED VALIDATION -- Criterion Constructs: Measurement and Justification -- Predictor-Criterion Relationships -- THE NATURE AND INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF CRITERION MEASURES -- Hands-On Measures -- Job Knowledge Tests -- Interviews -- Ratings -- Training Criteria -- RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PREDICTORS AND CRITERION MEASURES -- Predictor Constructs -- ASVAB -- Other Predictors -- Problems in Linking Predictor and Criterion Constructs -- Criterion Reliability -- Range Restriction -- Summary of Relationships Between Predictors and Criterion Measures -- Prediction of Hands-On Performance -- Job Experience -- Hands-On Versus Job Knowledge Criterion Measures -- New Predictors -- Predictor and Criterion Measure Construct Similarities -- Job-to-Job Differences in Validities -- FAIRNESS ANALYSIS -- Group-to-Group Differences in Prediction Systems -- Minority Group Comparisons -- The Performance-Based Focus on Fairness -- Gender Comparisons -- CONCLUSION -- 9 The Management of Human Resources -- PERSONNEL ACCESSION AND JOB ALLOCATION -- JOB ALLOCATION AND MULTIPLE STANDARDS -- COMPETENCY SCALES -- SETTING MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR A SINGLE JOB -- The Utility Difference Approach -- The Rand Approach -- Evaluating the Models -- SETTING STANDARDS FOR SEVERAL JOBS -- Revisiting the Rand and Utility Difference Models -- Comparing Jobs -- Generalizing Across Jobs -- SUMMARY -- Coda: The JPM Project and Accession Policy -- References -- Appendix A Service Bibliographies -- AIR FORCE -- ARMY -- MARINE CORPS -- NAVY -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches -- Index. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910827489803321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Technical issues [[electronic resource] /] / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Technical issues [[electronic resource] /] / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | xii, 332 p. : ill |
| Disciplina | 355.6/1/0973 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
GreenBert F
WigdorAlexandra K |
| Collana | Performance assessment for the workplace |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States
Soldiers - United States - Examinations |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-280-20369-2
9786610203697 0-309-59519-3 0-585-17092-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910455129703321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Technical issues / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Technical issues / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (344 pages) |
| Disciplina | 355.6/1/0973 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
GreenBert F
WigdorAlexandra K |
| Collana | Performance assessment for the workplace |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States
Soldiers - United States - Examinations |
| ISBN |
1-280-20369-2
9786610203697 0-309-59519-3 0-585-17092-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910778882803321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Technical issues / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council
| Technical issues / / Alexandra K. Wigdor and Bert F. Green, Jr., editors ; Committee on the Performance of Military Personnel, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (344 pages) |
| Disciplina | 355.6/1/0973 |
| Altri autori (Persone) |
GreenBert F
WigdorAlexandra K |
| Collana | Performance assessment for the workplace |
| Soggetto topico |
Soldiers - United States
Soldiers - United States - Examinations |
| ISBN |
1-280-20369-2
9786610203697 0-309-59519-3 0-585-17092-4 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Performance Assessment for the Workplace -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Implications of Cognitive Psychology for Measuring Job Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- COGNITIVE COMPONENTS OF SKILL -- Procedural Content -- Goal Structure -- Basic and Prerequisite Abilities (Operators) -- Procedures (Methods) -- Selection Rules -- Conceptual Knowledge -- Task Structure -- Background Knowledge -- Context of Use -- Critical Mental Models -- Knowledge Engineering is One Aspect of Cognitive Task Analysis -- Levels of Acquisition -- Declarative Knowledge -- Skill Automation -- Skill Refinement -- Summary -- METHODS FOR COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT -- Procedure Ordering Tasks -- Sorting Tasks -- Realistic Troubleshooting Tasks -- Connection Specification Tasks -- What-How-Why Tasks -- AREAS OF THE MILITARY WHERE COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES HAVE PROMISE -- REFERENCES -- Work Samples as Measures of Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- Theoretical Bases for Work Sample Testing -- Previous Reviews of Work Sample Testing -- Meta-analytic Reviews of Validity Studies Involving Work Samples -- WORK SAMPLES AS PREDICTORS -- Assessing Trainability Using Work Samples -- WORK SAMPLES AS CRITERIA -- Physical Ability as a Predictor of Work Sample Performance -- Paper-and-Pencil Tests as Predictors of Work Sample Performance -- Performance Ratings Validated Against Work Samples -- Behavior Modeling Measured by Work Sample Performance -- ASSESSMENT CENTERS -- MEASUREMENT ISSUES -- Reliability -- Response Formats for Work Sample Evaluations -- ADVERSE IMPACT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Measuring Job Competency -- THE RECOMMENDATION TO MEASURE COMPETENCY -- Performance-Based Selection Standards -- Interpreting Performance Scores -- Domain-Referenced Testing -- Advantages of a Domain-Referenced Scale -- Validity -- Entrance Standards -- Allocation -- Quality Needs.
Ancillary Uses of the Job Performance Measures -- OPERATIONALIZING THE COMPETENCY IDEA -- Representing the Job Domain -- Test Scoring Strategies -- Scoring a Task -- Combining Task Scores to Obtain Test Scores -- Interpretive Scale Anchors -- Taking Account of Experience -- Scale Comparability -- CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX -- Inferring a Scoring Procedure from Expert Judges -- REFERENCES -- The Evaluation of Alternative Measures of Job Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- The Criterion Problem in Personnel Research -- Evolution of the Criterion Problem -- THE NATURE OF CRITERION EQUIVALENCE -- Five Major Facets of Equivalence -- Validity -- Reliability -- Susceptibility to Compromise -- Financial Cost -- Acceptability to Interested Parties -- Weighting Facets of Nonequivalence by Importance -- MAJOR ISSUES IN THE VALIDATION OF CRITERION MEASURES -- The Nature of Validation for Criterion Measures -- Construct Validity and Relevance -- The Role of Content-Oriented Test Development -- Criterion Bias against Subgroups -- STRATEGIES FOR ASSESSING NONEQUIVALENCIES IN CRITERION VALIDITY -- Assessing Nonequivalencies in Construct Validity: Correlational Methods -- Assessing Nonequivalencies in Construct Validity: Other Methods -- Assessing Nonequivalencies in Criterion Relevance -- The Impact of Measurement Limitations on Validation -- Sampling Error -- Unreliability -- Differential Restriction in Range across Criterion Measures -- Criterion Measures Not All Available in Same Sample -- SUMMARY -- Outline of a Strategy for Assessing Criterion Equivalence -- REFERENCES -- Range Restriction Adjustments in the Prediction of Military Job Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- SELECTION EFFECTS IN CORRELATION AND REGRESSION -- Coping With the Effects of Selection -- Corrections for Sample Selection Bias -- Technical Considerations and the Accuracy of Pearson-Lawley Corrections. Alternative Adjustment Procedures -- IMPLICATIONS FOR PREDICTIVE VALIDITY IN A JOINT-SERVICE CONTEXT -- Analytical Procedure -- Reference Population -- Selection Variables -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Alternatives to the Validity Coefficient for Reporting the Test-Criterion Relationship -- Generalizability Theory and Military Performance Measurements: I. Individual Performance -- INTRODUCTION -- APPLICATION OF GENERALIZABILITY THEORY TO THE MEASUREMENT OF MILITARY PERFORMANCE -- Background -- Performance Measurement: Operate and Maintain Caliber .38 Revolver -- Classical Theory Approach -- Generalizability Theory Approach -- Variance Components -- Improvement of Performance Measurement -- Generalizability of the Performance Measurement -- Summary: Revolver Test With Accuracy Scores -- Design of the Revolver Test Using Accuracy Scores -- Variance Components and G Coefficients -- Modifications for Future Decision Studies -- SKETCH OF GENERALIZABILITY THEORY -- Background -- Variance Components -- Generalizability and Decision Studies -- Relative and Absolute Decisions -- Measurement Error for Relative Decisions -- Measurement Error for Absolute Decisions -- Generalizability Coefficients for Relative and Absolute Decisions -- Random and Fixed Facets -- G and D Studies With Crossed and Nested Facets -- Multivariate Generalizability Theory -- Symmetry in Behavioral Measurements -- ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATIONS OF GENERALIZABILITY THEORY -- Generalizability of General Educational Development Ratings -- G-Study Design -- Univariate G Analysis -- Multivariate G Analysis -- Unbalanced Designs -- Generalizability of Unit-Performance Measurements -- Design of the G Study -- Classical Reliability Approach -- Generalizability Theory Approach -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS ON GENERALIZABILITY THEORY: ISSUES AND LIMITATIONS. Small Samples and Negative Estimated Variance Components -- Small Samples and Variability of Estimated Variance Components -- Negative Estimates of Variance Components -- Assumption of Constant Universe Scores -- Dichotomous Data -- Concluding Comment -- REFERENCES -- Procedures for Eliciting and Using Judgments of the Value of Observed Behaviors on Military Job Performance Tests -- THE PROBLEMS ADDRESSED -- Establishing Test Standards -- Eliciting and Combining Judgments of the Worth of Job Performance Test Behaviors -- Using Predicted Test Performances and Value Judgments in Personnel Classification -- ESTABLISHING MINIMUM STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE -- Consequences of Setting Standards -- Conventional Standard-Setting Procedures -- Procedures That Require Judgments About Test Items -- Procedures That Require Judgments About Examinees -- Prospects for Applying Conventional Standard-Setting Procedures -- Procedures That Require Judgments About Test Items -- Procedures That Require Judgments About Examinees -- Operational Questions and Issues -- Types of Judges to be Used -- Numbers of Judges to be Used -- Stimulus Materials to be Used in Setting Standards -- Training of Judges -- Information to be Provided to Judges -- Measurement Error -- DEFINITION AND CONSTRUCTION OF VALUE FUNCTIONS -- Defining Task Value Functions -- Structuring Cluster and Military Occupational Specialty Value Functions -- Eliciting Value Judgments -- Average Value Function Procedure -- Method of Successive Lotteries -- Operational Questions and Issues -- CLASSIFICATION OF NEW ENLISTEES -- Individual Classification Strategies -- An Institutional Classification Strategy -- Example 1 -- Example 2 -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Exploring Strategies for Clustering Military Occupations -- CLUSTERING MILITARY OCCUPATIONS -- JOB ANALYSIS METHODS: THE CHOICE OF THE JOB DESCRIPTOR. EXTENDING ASVAB VALIDITY TO THE UNIVERSE OF MOS -- Validity Generalization/Meta-Analysis -- Linking Hands-On Performance Measures and Training Criteria -- Synthetic Validity -- McCormick's Job Component Model -- J-coefficient -- Judgmental Estimates of Validity -- Paired Comparison Judgments of Validity -- Determination of Minimum Standards -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910812195503321 |
| Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1991 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
