Pubbl/distr/stampa	Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1986
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (310 p.)
Disciplina	300/.72073
Altri autori (Persone)	SmelserNeil J GersteinDean R
Soggetto topico	Social sciences - Research - United States Social change Social policy
Soggetto genere / forma	Electronic books.
ISBN	1-280-22196-8 9786610221967 0-309-54241-3 0-585-15570-4
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910455790203321

Edizione	[1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1986
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (310 p.)
Disciplina	300/.72073
Altri autori (Persone)	SmelserNeil J GersteinDean R
Soggetto topico	Social sciences - Research - United States Social change Social policy
ISBN	9786610221967 9781280221965 1280221968 9780309542418 0309542413 9780585155708 0585155704
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Behavioral and Social Science Fifty Years of Discovery -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION -- UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL CHANGE -- NUMBERS AND DECISIONMAKING -- DISCOVERING THE MIND AT WORK -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL CHANGE -- The Ogburn Vision Fifty Years Later -- READING THE OGBURN COMMITTEE REPORT TODAY -- THE OGBURN VISION OF SOCIAL PROCESS -- SOCIAL CHANGE -- SOCIAL PROBLEMS -- DOCUMENTATION BY OBJECTIVE FACTS -- SOCIAL INVENTION -- APPLICATION BY POLICY CHANGE -- SOCIAL AMELIORATION -- A CONCLUDING NOTE -- References -- Measuring Social Change -- INTRODUCTION -- SOCIAL INVENTIONS -- Major Social Inventions and Their Consequences -- Human Testing -- Sample Surveys -- Reduction of Cultural Lags -- Statistics and Quality Control -- Cohort Analysis -- CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL CHANGE FOR MEASURES AND MEASUREMENT -- Concepts and Measures as Products of Social Life -- Social Change and the Organization of Ways of Knowing -- The Paradox of Method -- Consequences of Institutionalizing Measures of Changes -- Some Consequences of the Organization of Statistical Indicators -- THE CONCEPTUALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SOCIAL CHANGE -- Individualistic Biases in Studying Social Change -- Lags in Measuring Social Change -- Need for an National Statistical System -- A SUMMING UP -- References -- Uncertainty, Diversity, and Organizational Change -- CENTRALITY OF ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES IN LARGE-SCALE SOCIAL CHANGE -- Rational and Natural System Perspectives -- Perspectives On Organizational Change -- An Ecological-Evolutionary Approach -- Organizational Diversity -- NICHE THEORY -- INSTITUTIONAL ISOMORPHISM -- DISCUSSION -- Macroeconomic Modeling and Forecasting -- ORIGINS OF THE SUBJECT -- A PERIOD OF EXPANSION -- CONTRIBUTION TO THOUGHT -- SOME NEW LINES OF DEVELOPMENT -- References -- NUMBERS AND DECISIONMAKING. Public Statistics and Democratic Politics -- DEMOCRATIC ACCOUNTABILITY -- REPRESENTATION OF DIVERSE INTERESTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- Deterrence in Criminology and Social Policy -- INTRODUCTION -- TWO FUNDAMENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON CRIMINAL CONDUCT -- STREET CRIMES -- Certainty of Punishment -- Severity of Punishment -- The Death Penalty -- Other Punishments -- Summary -- DRUNK DRIVING -- Certainty of Punishment -- Scandinavian-Type Laws -- Enforcement Crackdowns -- Severity of Punishment -- Statutory Changes -- Judicial Crackdowns -- Summary -- RESEARCH AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- The Continued Reliance On Deterrence -- The Prospect For Increased Certainty -- Alternatives To Deterrence -- References -- Choices, Values, and Frames -- RISKY CHOICE -- Framing of Outcomes -- The Psychophysics of Chances -- Formulation Effects -- TRANSACTIONS AND TRADES -- Losses and Costs -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- References -- DISCOVERING THE MIND AT WORK -- Changing Views of Cognitive Competence in the Young -- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND -- STUDYING INFANT KNOWLEDGE -- Early Knowledge of Objects -- Abstract Concepts -- Summary -- PRESCHOOL THOUGHT -- Principles About Numbers, Causes, and Objects -- Number -- Causality -- Objects -- Making Plans and Strategies -- Strategies for Remembering -- Theory-building -- Summary -- THE TRANSITION TO FORMAL SCHOOLING -- Incomplete Knowledge -- The Expansion of Strategic Powers -- Formal and Informal Teaching -- Learned Academic Helplessness -- Reawakening the Active Learner -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Some Developments in Research On Language Behavior -- INTRODUCTION -- The Structure of Language -- Three Areas of Applied Research in Language -- THE GENERATIVE REVOLUTION IN LINGUISTICS -- Acoustic Phonetics -- AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE -- BRAIN SPECIALIZATION FOR LANGUAGE. Evidence from Studies of Aphasia -- Evidence from Split-Brain Studies -- Evidence From Studies of Asl "Aphasia -- LANGUAGE ACQUISITION -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Visual Perception of Real and Represented Objects and Events -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PRE-1850S: ARTISTS, PHILOSOPHERS, AND PHYSICISTS -- PSYCHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY FROM 1850-1950 -- THE 1950S AND AFTER: "DIRECT" SENSITIVITY TO OBJECT ATTRIBUTES -- The Evidence For Perceptual Rules Rather Than Lookup Tables -- The Doctrine That Event Perception Is Both Fundamental and Veridical -- COMPUTERS AND PERCEPTUAL PSYCHOLOGY -- Obtaining Data -- Modeling Theories and Explanations -- Embodying Perceptual Functions -- The Computer As An Analogy To Perception -- Computer Science in Perceptual Psychology Research -- Why Models of Human Perception Are Needed -- MENTAL STRUCTURE IN OBJECT PERCEPTION AND REPRESENTATION -- References.
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910970124303321

Autore	Deitchman Seymour J.
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Quantico, Virginia : , : Marine Corps University Press, , 2014
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (xv, 325 pages)
Disciplina	959.704/31
Soggetto topico	Vietnam War, 1961-1975 - United States Social sciences - Research - United States Politics and government Social sciences - Research
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Altri titoli varianti	Best-laid schemes
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910707707403321

Edizione	[1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1982-
Descrizione fisica	1 online resource (135 p.)
Disciplina	300/.72073
Altri autori (Persone)	AdamsRobert McC <1926-> (Robert McCormick) SmelserNeil J TreimanDonald J
Soggetto topico	Social sciences - Research - United States
ISBN	9786610247042 9781280247040 1280247045 9780309594479 0309594472 9780585168524 0585168520
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	Behavioral and Social Science Research: A National Resource -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- VALUE, SIGNIFICANCE, AND SOCIAL UTILITY -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- RELATIONSHIP OF THIS REPORT TO PREVIOUS STUDIES -- THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES -- 2 The Nature and Methods of the Behavioral and Social Sciences -- THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES -- Psychology -- Sociology -- Anthropology -- Economics -- Political Science -- Geography -- History -- Statistics -- DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Specialization -- Improvement of Data -- Shifts in Conceptual and Theoretical Focus -- Interdisciplinary Ferment -- A Final Word -- EXPLANATORY MODES AND METHODS IN THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Experimentation -- Statistical Control -- Statistically Uncontrolled Observation -- 3 Knowledge from the Behavioral and Social Sciences: Examples -- VOTING -- HISTORY OF THE FAMILY -- BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH -- Direct Psychophysiological Effects -- Health-Impairing Habits and Life-Styles -- Reactions to Illness and the Sick Role -- PRIMARY GROUPS IN LARGE-SCALE SOCIETY -- THE ANALYSIS OF STATUS ATTAINMENT -- INFORMATION PROCESSING PSYCHOLOGY -- ORIGINS OF AGRICULTURE -- SOCIAL CHOICE -- HUMAN ORIGINS -- SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF MONKEYS AND APES -- 4 The Uses of Social and Behavioral Research -- INFORMATION-GENERATING TECHNOLOGIES -- Sample Surveys -- Standardized Testing -- Economic Data and Economic Models -- Economic Data -- Econometric Forecasting -- Related Developments -- CHANGES IN THE WAY WE DO THINGS -- Human Factors Applications -- Applications of Learning Theory -- Therapeutic Applications -- Pedagogical Applications -- Other Applications -- Organizational Analysis -- Organizations and Management -- Japanese Management -- Resource Allocation -- Locational Analysis. Program and Policy Evaluation -- CHANGES IN THE WAY WE THINK ABOUT THINGS -- The Changing Conception of Race and Ethnicity -- The Function of Social Science Labeling -- 5 The National Interest in the Support of Basic Research -- CONCLUSIONS -- ADDITIONAL CONCLUSIONS -- SUMMARY -- References -- Appendix A Contents of Part II -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff.
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910970125503321

Edizione	[1st ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa	Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1988
Descrizione fisica	xv, 282 p. : ill
Disciplina	300/.72/073
Altri autori (Persone)	GersteinDean R
Soggetto topico	Social sciences - Research - United States Human behavior - Research - United States
ISBN	9786610221592 9781280221590 1280221593 9780309542784 0309542782 9780585148946 0585148945
Formato	Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico	Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione	eng
Nota di contenuto	The Behavioral and Social Sciences -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Behavior, Mind, and Brain -- SEEING AND HEARING -- Visual Analyzers -- Color Constancy -- Depth and Motion -- Perceiving Objects -- Temporal Auditory Patterns -- MEMORY -- Types of Memory -- Brain Structure and Neurotransmitters -- COGNITION AND ACTION -- Early Cognitive Development and Learning -- Categorical Knowledge and Representation -- Imagery -- Individual Decision Making -- Reasoning, Expertise, and Scientific Education -- Complex Action -- LANGUAGE -- Acquisition -- Sign Language -- Grammatical Universals -- Machines That Talk and Listen -- Reading -- Decoding and Dyslexias -- Interpretation and Comprehension -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 2 Motivational and Social Contexts of Behavior -- AFFECT AND MOTIVATION -- Emotional Expression, Perception, and Maturation -- Emotive Circuitry and Metabolism in the Brain -- Biobehavioral Rhythms -- Patterns of Food Consumption -- BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH -- Prevention of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Abuse -- Evaluating the Effects of Interventions -- Addiction and the Marketplace -- Prevention of AIDS -- Stress, Risk of Illness, and Behavior -- Behavior and Health Care Delivery Systems -- CRIME AND VIOLENCE -- Criminal Careers and the Effects of the Criminal Justice System -- Antisocial and Prosocial Dispositions -- ATTRIBUTIONS AND EXPECTANCIES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION -- Expectancies, Self-Concepts, and Motives -- Development of Close Relationships -- Small Groups and Behavior -- The Social Construction of Gender -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 3 Choice and Allocation -- COLLECTIVE CHOICE AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR -- Setting Agendas -- Sequential and Simultaneous Votes -- Electorates -- Founding Political Systems -- ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND CHANGE -- Organizational Politics and Institutional Constraints. Organizational Evolution -- MARKETS AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS -- Public Goods and Strategic Revelation -- Information Asymmetry and Transmission -- Regulation and Deregulation -- Rational Expectations -- CONTRACTS -- Principal-Agent Models -- Bargaining, Negotiation, and Repeated Interaction -- JOBS, WAGES, AND CAREERS -- Unemployment -- Implicit Labor Contracts -- Job Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap -- Technology, Migration, and Mobility -- New Sources of Data on Jobs and Careers -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 4 Institutions and Cultures -- THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY -- Social Organization in Prehistoric Times -- Food, Tools, and Home Bases -- Evolution of Language -- DEMOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOR -- Fertility and Lactation -- Population Change in Developing Countries -- Fertility and Migration in Developed Countries -- MODERNIZATION: FAMILY AND RELIGION -- The Nuclear Family and Social Change -- Religion, Social Change, and Politics -- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND PUBLIC POLICY -- The Shaping of Technology -- The Development of Science -- Behavioral and Social Sciences Knowledge and Public Policy -- INTERNATIONALIZATION -- International Finance and Domestic Policy -- Cultural and Political Diffusion -- The International Division of Labor -- Productivity -- INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT -- Superpower Relations -- Decision Making, Beliefs, and Cognitions -- Cooperation and Conflict -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 5 Methods of Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis -- DESIGNS FOR DATA COLLECTION -- Experimental Designs -- Laboratory Experiments -- Randomized Field Experiments -- Survey Designs -- Advances in Longitudinal Designs -- Memory and the Framing of Questions -- Comparative Designs -- Ethnographic Designs -- Ideological Systems -- Historical Reconstruction -- MODELS FOR REPRESENTING PHENOMENA -- Probability Models. Log-Linear Models for Categorical Variables -- Regression Models for Categorical Variables -- Models for Event Histories -- Models for Multiple-Item Measurement -- Nonlinear, Nonadditive Models -- Geometric and Algebraic Models -- Scaling -- Ordered Factorial Systems -- Clustering -- Network Models -- STATISTICAL INFERENCE AND ANALYSIS -- Causal Inference -- New Statistical Techniques -- Internal Resampling -- Robust Techniques -- Many Interrelated Parameters -- Missing Data -- Computing -- Computer Packages and Expert Systems -- Exploratory Analysis and Graphic Presentation -- Combining Evidence -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 6 The Research Support System -- HUMAN RESOURCES -- Colleges and Graduate Schools -- Undergraduate Education -- Graduate Education -- Postdoctoral Training and Collaboration -- Postdoctoral Fellowships and Traineeships -- Advanced Training Institutes -- Collaboration and Communication -- TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES -- Computers -- Neuroimaging Devices -- Animal Care -- DATA RESOURCES -- Large-Scale Data Bases -- Research Access to Government Data -- Corporate and Local Government Archives -- FUNDING RESOURCES -- Modes of Support -- Grant Size and Duration -- The Disciplines and Interdisciplinary Research -- Interdisciplinary Research Centers -- THE PROBLEM OF VOICE -- 7 Raising the Scientific Yield -- RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- Behavior, Mind, and Brain -- Motivational and Social Contexts of Behavior -- Choice and Allocation -- Institutions and Cultures -- Methods of Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis -- RECOMMENDED NEW RESOURCES -- Human Resources -- Technological Resources -- Data Resources -- Interdisciplinary Research Centers -- Investigator-Initiated Grants -- Research Agency Changes -- CONCLUSION -- Appendix A Trends in Support for Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences -- FEDERAL SUPPORT. The Diversity of Federal Support -- National Science Foundation Support -- PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS -- Appendix B Working Group Members -- SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES -- PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY -- INFORMATION AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES -- LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING -- DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE -- HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR -- AFFECT AND MOTIVATION -- SOCIAL INTERACTION -- GENDER STUDIES -- INFORMATION AND DECISION MAKING -- MARKET EFFICIENCY -- JOBS AND INEQUALITY -- MARKETS AND ORGANIZATIONS -- COLLECTIVE CHOICE INSTITUTIONS -- EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS -- URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND MIGRATION -- CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE -- FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS -- FORMAL AND LEGAL PROCESSES -- CRIME AND VIOLENCE -- RELIGION AND POLITICAL CHANGE -- CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY -- INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL LIFE -- INTERNATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY STUDIES -- MACROECONOMIC POLICY -- SOCIAL STUDIES OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE PRODUCING INSTITUTIONS -- LARGE-SCALE DATA NEEDS -- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS -- MEASUREMENT AND SCALING -- ORIGINS OF HUMAN DISTINCTIVENESS -- Index.
Record Nr.	UNINA-9910974434203321