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Extraction, cleanup, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of sediments and tissues for organic contaminants [[electronic resource] /] / Catherine A. Sloan ... [and others]
| Extraction, cleanup, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of sediments and tissues for organic contaminants [[electronic resource] /] / Catherine A. Sloan ... [and others] |
| Autore | Sloan Catherine A |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | [Seattle, Wash.] : , : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, , [2004] |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (xii, 47 pages) |
| Collana | NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-NWFSC |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling - Quality control Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910699369803321 |
Sloan Catherine A
|
||
| [Seattle, Wash.] : , : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, , [2004] | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Quality assurance & quality control of environmental field sampling / / editors, Chunlong Zhang, Jochen F. Mueller, Munro R. Mortimer
| Quality assurance & quality control of environmental field sampling / / editors, Chunlong Zhang, Jochen F. Mueller, Munro R. Mortimer |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : Future Science Ltd, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (241 pages) : color illustrations |
| Disciplina | 628.50287 |
| Collana | Future Science |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling - Quality control |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-909453-03-X
1-909453-04-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910464464003321 |
| London, England : , : Future Science Ltd, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Quality assurance & quality control of environmental field sampling / / editors, Chunlong Zhang, Jochen F. Mueller, Munro R. Mortimer
| Quality assurance & quality control of environmental field sampling / / editors, Chunlong Zhang, Jochen F. Mueller, Munro R. Mortimer |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : Future Science Ltd, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (241 pages) : color illustrations |
| Disciplina | 628.50287 |
| Collana | Future Science |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling - Quality control |
| ISBN |
1-909453-03-X
1-909453-04-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910789328703321 |
| London, England : , : Future Science Ltd, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Quality assurance & quality control of environmental field sampling / / editors, Chunlong Zhang, Jochen F. Mueller, Munro R. Mortimer
| Quality assurance & quality control of environmental field sampling / / editors, Chunlong Zhang, Jochen F. Mueller, Munro R. Mortimer |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | London, England : , : Future Science Ltd, , 2014 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (241 pages) : color illustrations |
| Disciplina | 628.50287 |
| Collana | Future Science |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling - Quality control |
| ISBN |
1-909453-03-X
1-909453-04-8 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910822702603321 |
| London, England : , : Future Science Ltd, , 2014 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Quality assurance in environmental monitoring Sampling and sample pretreatment [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Philippe Quevauviller
| Quality assurance in environmental monitoring Sampling and sample pretreatment [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Philippe Quevauviller |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, c1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (324 p.) |
| Disciplina |
363.7363
628.50287 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | QuevauvillerPh |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling - Quality control |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-281-75858-2
9786611758585 3-527-61521-0 3-527-61520-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring; Preface; Contents; CHAPTER 1 . QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; 1.1 Definitions and general principles; 1.2 Analytical procedures; 1.2.1 Type of methods; 1.2.1.1 Calculable methods; 1.2.1.2 Relative methods; 1.2.1.3 Comparative methods; 1.2.2 Method selection; 1.2.3 Method validation; 1.2.3.1 Literature search; 1.2.3.2 Validation of final detection - calibration; 1.2.3.3 Matrix influence; 1.2.3.4 Analysis of solid material; 1.2.3.5 Ruggedness and robustness; 1.2.3.6 Control points; 1.2.3.7 Control charts
1.2.3.8 Case study1.3 How to achieve accuracy; 1.3.1 Comparison with a different method; 1.3.2 Comparison with other laboratories; 1.3.3 Use of certified reference materials; 1.3.3.1 Calibration, traceability and accuracy; 1.3.3.2 Equivalence between methods; 1.4 Requirements for the preparation of RMs and CRMs; 1.4.1 Selection and preparation; 1.4.2 Homogeneity and stability; 1.4.3 Types of environmental CRMs; 1.4.4 How to establish assigned or certified values; 1.4.4.1 Assigning values to a RM; 1.4.4.2 Certification by a single laboratory approach 1.4.4.3 Interlaboratory certification studies1.4.5 Producers of environmental CRMs; 1.5 Sampling and sample handling; 1.5.1 Sampling strategy; 1.5.2 Sampling techniques; 1.5.3 Registration; 1.5.4 Storage; 1.5.5 Subsampling; 1.6 Reporting and archiving; 1.7 Regulatory aspects of QA and QC in environmental monitoring; 1.7.1 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP); 1.7.2 Accreditation; 1.7.3 ISO 9000/EN 29000 standards; 1.7.4 Standardization; 1.8 Conclusions; 1.9 References; CHAPTER 2. SAMPLING STRATEGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; 2.1 Objectives of environmental sampling 2.1.1 Representativeness of environmental samples2.1.2 Repeatability and precision; 2.1.3 Spatial comparability; 2.1.4 Reliability and probative force of environmental samples; 2.2 Principles of quality assurance in environmental sampling: requirements and methods; 2.3 Sampling strategies for plants (passive biomonitoring); 2.3.1 Fortuitous sampling; 2.3.2 Selected sampling; 2.3.3 Random sampling; 2.3.4 Systematic sampling (transects, grids); 2.3.5 Stratified random sampling; 2.4 Active or experimental monitoring with plants; 2.5 Sampling strategies for soils for biological specimens 2.6 Sampling strategies for animals in environmental monitoring2.6.1 Indicator function of animals; 2.6.2 Availability of animals; 2.6.3 Stratified random sampling of less mobile animals; 2.6.4 Stratified random sampling of mobile animals; 2.6.5 Zebra mussels as examples of sampling under semi-artificial conditions; 2.7 References; CHAPTER 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLING; 3.1 Quality systems for sampling; 3.2 Development of a sampling strategy; 3.2.1 Analysis of information needed; 3.2.2 Design of a sampling strategy; 3.2.2.1 Representativeness of samples 3.2.2.2 The sampling site |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910144142603321 |
| Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, c1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Quality assurance in environmental monitoring [[electronic resource] ] : instrumental methods / / edited by G. Subramanian
| Quality assurance in environmental monitoring [[electronic resource] ] : instrumental methods / / edited by G. Subramanian |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (352 p.) |
| Disciplina |
363.7363
628.50287 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | SubramanianG. <1935-> |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Pollution - Measurement - Equipment and supplies |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-281-75855-8
9786611758554 3-527-61513-X 3-527-61512-1 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring; Contents; 1 The Use of Solid Phase Extraction for Environmental Samples; 1.1 The Importance of Sample Preparation; 1.2 Introduction to Solid Phase Extraction; 1.3 SPE Formats; 1.3.1 Syringe Barrel or Cartridges; 1.3.2 Syringe Filter or Sep-paks; 1.3.3 Disks; 1.3.4 Choice of Format; 1.4 Using SPE Cartridges and Disks; 1.5 SPE Sorbents; 1.5.1 Normal Phase Sorbents; 1.5.2 Reverse Phase Sorbents; 1.5.3 Ion Exchange Sorbents; 1.6 Sorbent and Solvent Relationships; 1.6.1 Normal Phase; 1.6.2 Reverse Phase; 1.6.3 Ion Exchange; 1.7 Selecting the Solvents
1.7.1 Conditioning Solvents1.7.2 Loading Solvents; 1.7.3 Rinsing Solvents; 1.7.4 Elution Solvents; 1.8 Solvent Considerations; 1.8.1 Solvent Volume; 1.8.2 Solvent Miscibility; 1.8.3 Solvent Volatility; 1.8.4 Solvent Flow Rate; 1.9 Selecting Cartridge Size; 1.10 Method Development; 1.11 Matrix Considerations; 1.12 Analysis Considerations; 1.13 Method Considerations; 1.14 Example Methods; 2 Current Status of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Environmental Analysis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 What is Supercritical Fluid; 2.3 Applicable Environmental Analytes and Matrices 2.3.1 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls2.3.2 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons; 2.3.3 SFE of Wet Soils; 2.3.4 Pesticides; 2.3.5 Dibenzofurans/Dioxins; 2.4 Conclusions; 3 Validation and Quality Control with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Environmental Monitoring; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Use of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Environmental Monitoring; 3.1.2 The Need for Quality Control; 3.1.3 The Importance of Consistent Data; 3.1.4 Standardized/Reference Methods or Quality Control?; 3.1.5 The Degree of Analytical Quality Control; 3.1.6 Quality Control Principles 3.2 Method Validation3.2.1 Basic Analytical Principles; 3.2.1 . 1 Preparation of Calibration/Standard Solutions; 3.2.1.2 Use of Characteristic Concentration/Mass; 3.2.2 Calibration; 3.2.2.1 The Importance of Calibration; 3.2.2.2 Influence of the Blank; 3.2.2.3 Type of Calibration Curve; 3.2.2.4 Linear or Non-Linear-Calibration; 3.2.2.5 Calibration by the Method of Analyte Additions; 3.2.2.6 Calibration Quality Coefficients; 3.2.3 Establishment of Performance Characteristics; 3.2.3.1 Assessment and Influence of Contamination; 3.2.3.2 Estimation of Detection Limits 3.2.3.3 Recovery Measurements3.2.3.4 Precision; 3.2.3.5 Comparison with Alternative Techniqued/Methods; 3.2.3.6 Analysis of Certified Reference Materials; 3.3 Quality Control; 3.3.1 Frequency of Analysis and Choice of IQC Materials; 3.3.2 Preparation of In-house IQC Materials; 3.3.2.1 Establishment of IQC Target Values and Limits; 3.3.3 Use of Quality Control; 3.3.3.1 Defining a Quality Control Procedure; 3.3.4 Systematic and Random Errors; 3.4 External Quality Assessment; 3.5 Conclusions; 4 Application of ICP - OES Techniques in Environmental QC; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theory of the ICP-OES Technique |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910144142703321 |
| Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Quality assurance in environmental monitoring [[electronic resource] ] : instrumental methods / / edited by G. Subramanian
| Quality assurance in environmental monitoring [[electronic resource] ] : instrumental methods / / edited by G. Subramanian |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (352 p.) |
| Disciplina |
363.7363
628.50287 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | SubramanianG. <1935-> |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Pollution - Measurement - Equipment and supplies |
| ISBN |
1-281-75855-8
9786611758554 3-527-61513-X 3-527-61512-1 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring; Contents; 1 The Use of Solid Phase Extraction for Environmental Samples; 1.1 The Importance of Sample Preparation; 1.2 Introduction to Solid Phase Extraction; 1.3 SPE Formats; 1.3.1 Syringe Barrel or Cartridges; 1.3.2 Syringe Filter or Sep-paks; 1.3.3 Disks; 1.3.4 Choice of Format; 1.4 Using SPE Cartridges and Disks; 1.5 SPE Sorbents; 1.5.1 Normal Phase Sorbents; 1.5.2 Reverse Phase Sorbents; 1.5.3 Ion Exchange Sorbents; 1.6 Sorbent and Solvent Relationships; 1.6.1 Normal Phase; 1.6.2 Reverse Phase; 1.6.3 Ion Exchange; 1.7 Selecting the Solvents
1.7.1 Conditioning Solvents1.7.2 Loading Solvents; 1.7.3 Rinsing Solvents; 1.7.4 Elution Solvents; 1.8 Solvent Considerations; 1.8.1 Solvent Volume; 1.8.2 Solvent Miscibility; 1.8.3 Solvent Volatility; 1.8.4 Solvent Flow Rate; 1.9 Selecting Cartridge Size; 1.10 Method Development; 1.11 Matrix Considerations; 1.12 Analysis Considerations; 1.13 Method Considerations; 1.14 Example Methods; 2 Current Status of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Environmental Analysis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 What is Supercritical Fluid; 2.3 Applicable Environmental Analytes and Matrices 2.3.1 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls2.3.2 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons; 2.3.3 SFE of Wet Soils; 2.3.4 Pesticides; 2.3.5 Dibenzofurans/Dioxins; 2.4 Conclusions; 3 Validation and Quality Control with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Environmental Monitoring; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Use of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Environmental Monitoring; 3.1.2 The Need for Quality Control; 3.1.3 The Importance of Consistent Data; 3.1.4 Standardized/Reference Methods or Quality Control?; 3.1.5 The Degree of Analytical Quality Control; 3.1.6 Quality Control Principles 3.2 Method Validation3.2.1 Basic Analytical Principles; 3.2.1 . 1 Preparation of Calibration/Standard Solutions; 3.2.1.2 Use of Characteristic Concentration/Mass; 3.2.2 Calibration; 3.2.2.1 The Importance of Calibration; 3.2.2.2 Influence of the Blank; 3.2.2.3 Type of Calibration Curve; 3.2.2.4 Linear or Non-Linear-Calibration; 3.2.2.5 Calibration by the Method of Analyte Additions; 3.2.2.6 Calibration Quality Coefficients; 3.2.3 Establishment of Performance Characteristics; 3.2.3.1 Assessment and Influence of Contamination; 3.2.3.2 Estimation of Detection Limits 3.2.3.3 Recovery Measurements3.2.3.4 Precision; 3.2.3.5 Comparison with Alternative Techniqued/Methods; 3.2.3.6 Analysis of Certified Reference Materials; 3.3 Quality Control; 3.3.1 Frequency of Analysis and Choice of IQC Materials; 3.3.2 Preparation of In-house IQC Materials; 3.3.2.1 Establishment of IQC Target Values and Limits; 3.3.3 Use of Quality Control; 3.3.3.1 Defining a Quality Control Procedure; 3.3.4 Systematic and Random Errors; 3.4 External Quality Assessment; 3.5 Conclusions; 4 Application of ICP - OES Techniques in Environmental QC; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theory of the ICP-OES Technique |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996217977803316 |
| Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Quality assurance in environmental monitoring Sampling and sample pretreatment [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Philippe Quevauviller
| Quality assurance in environmental monitoring Sampling and sample pretreatment [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Philippe Quevauviller |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, c1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (324 p.) |
| Disciplina |
363.7363
628.50287 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | QuevauvillerPh |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling - Quality control |
| ISBN |
1-281-75858-2
9786611758585 3-527-61521-0 3-527-61520-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring; Preface; Contents; CHAPTER 1 . QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; 1.1 Definitions and general principles; 1.2 Analytical procedures; 1.2.1 Type of methods; 1.2.1.1 Calculable methods; 1.2.1.2 Relative methods; 1.2.1.3 Comparative methods; 1.2.2 Method selection; 1.2.3 Method validation; 1.2.3.1 Literature search; 1.2.3.2 Validation of final detection - calibration; 1.2.3.3 Matrix influence; 1.2.3.4 Analysis of solid material; 1.2.3.5 Ruggedness and robustness; 1.2.3.6 Control points; 1.2.3.7 Control charts
1.2.3.8 Case study1.3 How to achieve accuracy; 1.3.1 Comparison with a different method; 1.3.2 Comparison with other laboratories; 1.3.3 Use of certified reference materials; 1.3.3.1 Calibration, traceability and accuracy; 1.3.3.2 Equivalence between methods; 1.4 Requirements for the preparation of RMs and CRMs; 1.4.1 Selection and preparation; 1.4.2 Homogeneity and stability; 1.4.3 Types of environmental CRMs; 1.4.4 How to establish assigned or certified values; 1.4.4.1 Assigning values to a RM; 1.4.4.2 Certification by a single laboratory approach 1.4.4.3 Interlaboratory certification studies1.4.5 Producers of environmental CRMs; 1.5 Sampling and sample handling; 1.5.1 Sampling strategy; 1.5.2 Sampling techniques; 1.5.3 Registration; 1.5.4 Storage; 1.5.5 Subsampling; 1.6 Reporting and archiving; 1.7 Regulatory aspects of QA and QC in environmental monitoring; 1.7.1 Good Laboratory Practice (GLP); 1.7.2 Accreditation; 1.7.3 ISO 9000/EN 29000 standards; 1.7.4 Standardization; 1.8 Conclusions; 1.9 References; CHAPTER 2. SAMPLING STRATEGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; 2.1 Objectives of environmental sampling 2.1.1 Representativeness of environmental samples2.1.2 Repeatability and precision; 2.1.3 Spatial comparability; 2.1.4 Reliability and probative force of environmental samples; 2.2 Principles of quality assurance in environmental sampling: requirements and methods; 2.3 Sampling strategies for plants (passive biomonitoring); 2.3.1 Fortuitous sampling; 2.3.2 Selected sampling; 2.3.3 Random sampling; 2.3.4 Systematic sampling (transects, grids); 2.3.5 Stratified random sampling; 2.4 Active or experimental monitoring with plants; 2.5 Sampling strategies for soils for biological specimens 2.6 Sampling strategies for animals in environmental monitoring2.6.1 Indicator function of animals; 2.6.2 Availability of animals; 2.6.3 Stratified random sampling of less mobile animals; 2.6.4 Stratified random sampling of mobile animals; 2.6.5 Zebra mussels as examples of sampling under semi-artificial conditions; 2.7 References; CHAPTER 3. QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLING; 3.1 Quality systems for sampling; 3.2 Development of a sampling strategy; 3.2.1 Analysis of information needed; 3.2.2 Design of a sampling strategy; 3.2.2.1 Representativeness of samples 3.2.2.2 The sampling site |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996217977303316 |
| Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, c1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Quality assurance in environmental monitoring : sampling and sample preatreatment / edited by Philippe Quevauviller
| Quality assurance in environmental monitoring : sampling and sample preatreatment / edited by Philippe Quevauviller |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim ; New York : VCH, c1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | xv, 306 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm |
| Disciplina | 363.7363 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | Quevauviller, Philippe Quevauviller |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Environmental sampling |
| ISBN | 3527287248 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNISALENTO-991001629929707536 |
| Weinheim ; New York : VCH, c1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. del Salento | ||
| ||
Quality assurance in environmental monitoring [[electronic resource] ] : instrumental methods / / edited by G. Subramanian
| Quality assurance in environmental monitoring [[electronic resource] ] : instrumental methods / / edited by G. Subramanian |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, 1995 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (352 p.) |
| Disciplina |
363.7363
628.50287 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | SubramanianG. <1935-> |
| Soggetto topico |
Pollution - Measurement - Quality control
Pollution - Measurement - Equipment and supplies |
| ISBN |
1-281-75855-8
9786611758554 3-527-61513-X 3-527-61512-1 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Quality Assurance in Environmental Monitoring; Contents; 1 The Use of Solid Phase Extraction for Environmental Samples; 1.1 The Importance of Sample Preparation; 1.2 Introduction to Solid Phase Extraction; 1.3 SPE Formats; 1.3.1 Syringe Barrel or Cartridges; 1.3.2 Syringe Filter or Sep-paks; 1.3.3 Disks; 1.3.4 Choice of Format; 1.4 Using SPE Cartridges and Disks; 1.5 SPE Sorbents; 1.5.1 Normal Phase Sorbents; 1.5.2 Reverse Phase Sorbents; 1.5.3 Ion Exchange Sorbents; 1.6 Sorbent and Solvent Relationships; 1.6.1 Normal Phase; 1.6.2 Reverse Phase; 1.6.3 Ion Exchange; 1.7 Selecting the Solvents
1.7.1 Conditioning Solvents1.7.2 Loading Solvents; 1.7.3 Rinsing Solvents; 1.7.4 Elution Solvents; 1.8 Solvent Considerations; 1.8.1 Solvent Volume; 1.8.2 Solvent Miscibility; 1.8.3 Solvent Volatility; 1.8.4 Solvent Flow Rate; 1.9 Selecting Cartridge Size; 1.10 Method Development; 1.11 Matrix Considerations; 1.12 Analysis Considerations; 1.13 Method Considerations; 1.14 Example Methods; 2 Current Status of Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Environmental Analysis; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 What is Supercritical Fluid; 2.3 Applicable Environmental Analytes and Matrices 2.3.1 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls2.3.2 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons; 2.3.3 SFE of Wet Soils; 2.3.4 Pesticides; 2.3.5 Dibenzofurans/Dioxins; 2.4 Conclusions; 3 Validation and Quality Control with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Environmental Monitoring; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Use of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Environmental Monitoring; 3.1.2 The Need for Quality Control; 3.1.3 The Importance of Consistent Data; 3.1.4 Standardized/Reference Methods or Quality Control?; 3.1.5 The Degree of Analytical Quality Control; 3.1.6 Quality Control Principles 3.2 Method Validation3.2.1 Basic Analytical Principles; 3.2.1 . 1 Preparation of Calibration/Standard Solutions; 3.2.1.2 Use of Characteristic Concentration/Mass; 3.2.2 Calibration; 3.2.2.1 The Importance of Calibration; 3.2.2.2 Influence of the Blank; 3.2.2.3 Type of Calibration Curve; 3.2.2.4 Linear or Non-Linear-Calibration; 3.2.2.5 Calibration by the Method of Analyte Additions; 3.2.2.6 Calibration Quality Coefficients; 3.2.3 Establishment of Performance Characteristics; 3.2.3.1 Assessment and Influence of Contamination; 3.2.3.2 Estimation of Detection Limits 3.2.3.3 Recovery Measurements3.2.3.4 Precision; 3.2.3.5 Comparison with Alternative Techniqued/Methods; 3.2.3.6 Analysis of Certified Reference Materials; 3.3 Quality Control; 3.3.1 Frequency of Analysis and Choice of IQC Materials; 3.3.2 Preparation of In-house IQC Materials; 3.3.2.1 Establishment of IQC Target Values and Limits; 3.3.3 Use of Quality Control; 3.3.3.1 Defining a Quality Control Procedure; 3.3.4 Systematic and Random Errors; 3.4 External Quality Assessment; 3.5 Conclusions; 4 Application of ICP - OES Techniques in Environmental QC; 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theory of the ICP-OES Technique |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830862103321 |
| Weinheim ; ; New York, : VCH, 1995 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
