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Plastics compounding and polymer processing : fundamentals, machines, equipment, application technology / / Klemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald Rust [eds.]
| Plastics compounding and polymer processing : fundamentals, machines, equipment, application technology / / Klemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald Rust [eds.] |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | München : , : Hanser, , 2022 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (881 pages) |
| Disciplina | 668.41 |
| Soggetto topico |
Plastics - Mixing
Polymerization |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Handbooks and manuals. |
| ISBN |
1-5231-4507-2
1-56990-838-9 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- The Authors -- In Memoriam -- Preface -- Contents -- PART A: Introduction to the Processing of Polymers -- 1 Introduction -- Klemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel -- 1.1 Plastics and Their Importance -- 1.2 Processing and Compounding -- 1.3 Recycling of Plastics -- 1.4 Guide to the Individual Chapters of this Book -- 2 Polymer Processing - Process Technology of Polymer Production -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Polymer Processing during the Polymer Synthesis in the Primary Production -- 2.3 Polymer Processing after the Polymer Production - Compounding -- 2.3.1 Main Temperature Window when Compounding for Finish Mixture -- 2.3.2 Mixing in the Extruder -- 2.3.3 Temperature and Time Limits for Compounding -- 2.3.4 Challenges when Compounding -- 2.3.5 Energy Requirement when Compounding -- 2.3.6 Range of Performance of Extruder -- 2.3.7 Throughput and Performance Density -- 2.3.8 Performance Density in the Melt Area -- 2.3.9 Energy Balance and Product Discharge Temperature -- 2.3.10 Static Mixers -- 2.3.11 Mixing Performance, Mixing Quality, Cross Mixing, Longitudinal Mixing -- 2.3.11.1 Mixing Performance -- 2.3.11.2 Mixing Performance and Mixing Quality -- 2.3.11.3 Cross and Longitudinal Mixing -- 2.3.11.4 Residence Time Distribution -- 2.3.11.5 Mean Residence Time -- PART B: Processing in Polymer Production -- 3 Devolatilizing Devices -- 3.1 Fundamentals of Devolatilization -- Heino Thiele -- 3.1.1 Phase Equilibrium -- 3.1.2 Macroscopic Mass and Energy Balance -- 3.1.3 Quantities Influencing the Change in Concentration -- 3.1.4 General Conclusions -- 3.2 Polymer Production and Degassing Tasks -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 3.2.1 General Challenges at the Degassing of Volatiles from Polymers -- 3.2.2 Special Features at the Degassing of Polymers with High Content of Volatiles and Limitation of Finish Degassing.
3.3 Overview of Devices and Machines for Compounding with Polymer Degassing -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Devices with Rotating Components and Machines -- 3.4 Apparatus-Based Polymer Evaporation -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 3.4.1 Tube Evaporator -- 3.4.2 Process and Devices for Finish Degassing for Very Low Residual Contents in the Polymer -- 3.4.3 General Scheme of an Apparatus-Based Evaporation Stage -- 3.4.4 Product Quality -- 3.5 Degassing of Polymers in Purge Bins -- Harald Wilms, Hans Schneider -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 Process Requirements for Degassing of Solids -- 3.5.3 Basics of Particle Degasssing -- 3.5.4 Determination of Degassing Process Parameters -- 3.5.4.1 Oven Tests -- 3.5.4.2 Batch Trials -- 3.5.4.3 Pilot Plant Tests -- 3.5.4.4 Criteria for the Gas Flow Rate for Degassing -- 3.5.5 Design Requirements for the Degassing Silo -- 3.5.6 Heating of Bulk Solids -- 3.5.7 Energy-Efficient Plant Concepts -- 3.5.8 Comparable Applications -- 3.5.9 Summary -- PART C: Processing after Polymer Production - Compounding -- 4 Requirements, Product Development, Additives, Sources of Faults -- 4.1 Compounding Requirements from the Compounder's Perspective -- Thomas Schuldt -- 4.1.1 Introduction -- 4.1.2 Economics -- 4.1.3 Technical Requirements along the Process Chain -- 4.1.3.1 Material Handling -- 4.1.3.2 Raw Material Pre-Treatment -- 4.1.3.3 Premixing -- 4.1.3.4 Extruder and Wear -- 4.1.3.5 Cooling and Pelletizing -- 4.1.3.6 Packaging -- 4.1.4 Quality Control -- 4.1.5 Environmental Aspects -- 4.1.6 Conclusions -- 4.2 Product Development -- Thomas Schuldt -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Types of Product Development -- 4.2.3 Building Blocks of Product Development -- 4.2.3.1 Equipment Technology -- 4.2.3.2 Process Technology -- 4.2.3.3 Formulation -- 4.2.4 Ingredients -- 4.2.4.1 Additives -- 4.2.4.2 Fillers -- 4.2.4.3 Pigments. 4.2.5 Innovation -- 4.2.6 Quality Control -- 4.2.7 Scale-up -- 4.3 Additives for Polymers - From Polymer to Plastic -- Hermann Diem -- 4.3.1 Blends -- 4.3.1.1 Definition of Blends -- 4.3.1.2 Classification of Multi-Phase Systems -- 4.3.1.2.1 Polymer Blends -- 4.3.1.2.2 Dry Blends -- 4.3.2 Additives -- 4.3.2.1 Definition of Additives -- 4.3.2.2 Effects and Mode of Operation of the Additives -- 4.3.2.2.1 Plasticizers -- 4.3.2.2.2 Stabilizers -- 4.3.2.3 Incorporation of Additives into Polymers -- 4.3.3 Fillers -- 4.3.3.1 Definition of Fillers -- 4.3.3.2 Classification and Properties of Fillers -- 4.3.3.3 Aspect Ratio -- 4.4 Practical Examples Regarding Sources of Fault/Avoidance of Faults during Compounding -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 4.4.1 Black Specks -- 4.4.2 Sources at Dosing and Mixing -- 4.4.2.1 Demixing -- 4.4.2.2 Dosing System -- 4.4.2.3 Mixing of Polymer with Additives -- 4.4.3 Drive-Measurement Technique -- 4.4.4 Faults in Tests with Small Extruders for Scale-up Purposes -- 5 Compounding with Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders -- 5.1 Introduction -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 5.1.1 Advantages of the Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder -- 5.1.2 Disadvantages of the Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder -- 5.1.3 Range of Services and Power Density of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders -- 5.1.4 Parameters in Dependence on the Diameter Ratio Da/Di -- 5.1.4.1 Strength and Throughput as a Function of Da/Di -- 5.1.4.2 Pressure and Power Characteristic as a Function of Da/Di -- 5.1.4.3 Maximum Product Volume -- 5.1.4.4 Inner Surface of the Housing to Maximum Product Space -- 5.1.4.5 Outlook -- 5.1.5 Special Types of Construction of the Co-Rotating Extruder -- 5.2 Tasks and Design of the Processing Zones of a Compounding Extruder -- Reiner Rudolf, Michael Bierdel -- 5.2.1 Melt Conveying Zone -- 5.2.2 Solids Conveying Zone -- 5.2.3 Plastification Zone. 5.2.4 Distributive and Dispersive Mixing Zone -- 5.2.5 Devolatilization Zone -- 5.2.6 Pressure Build-up Zone -- 5.2.7 Complete Screw Configuration -- 5.2.8 Specific Energy Input -- 5.2.9 Residence Time Characteristics -- 5.3 Process and Screw Concepts for Machines with High Throughputs -- Frank Lechner -- 5.3.1 Development to High Torques, Volumes, and Rotations -- 5.3.2 Parameters and Process Limits of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Kneaders -- 5.3.3 Process Length and Screw Development -- 5.3.4 Maximum Possible Screw Speed -- 5.3.5 Torque-Limited Processes -- 5.3.6 Volume-Limited Processes -- 5.3.7 Quality-Limited Processes -- 5.3.8 Process Concept for Economical Compounding -- 5.3.9 Outlook -- 5.4 Screw Designs for Highly Filled Polymers (and Dosing Strategies) -- Sebastian Fraas -- 5.4.1 Why Filler Compounds? -- 5.4.2 Typical Applications -- 5.4.3 Material-Specific Influencing Factors -- 5.4.3.1 Influence of Filler -- 5.4.3.1.1 Origin/Mining -- 5.4.3.1.2 Particle Size and Particle Size Distribution -- 5.4.3.1.3 Coating -- 5.4.3.1.4 Moisture Content -- 5.4.3.2 Polymer and Additives -- 5.4.4 Process Technology -- 5.4.4.1 Conveying Technology -- 5.4.4.2 Dosing Equipment -- 5.4.4.3 Downstream Equipment -- 5.4.4.4 Barrel Setup of an Extruder for Highly Filled Compounds -- 5.4.4.5 Screw Design -- 5.4.4.5.1 Melting Zone -- 5.4.4.5.2 Filler Addition and Wetting -- 5.4.4.5.3 Dispersion Zone -- 5.4.4.5.4 Vacuum and Discharge Zone -- 5.4.4.6 Entire System -- 5.5 Compounding of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics -- Dijan Iliew, Stephen Kroll, Andrea Siebert-Raths -- 5.5.1 Pre-Knowledge for the Processing of Natural Fibers -- 5.5.2 Design and Parameterization of the Process Unit of a Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder -- 5.6 Fundamentals of Thermoplastic Foam Extrusion by Means of Parallel Twin-Screw Extruders -- Lukas Vogel. 5.6.1 Definition and Characterization of Foams -- 5.6.2 Process Steps for Foam Extrusion -- 5.6.2.1 Provision of Thermoplastic Melts -- 5.6.2.2 Addition and Admixing of the Propellant (Blowing Agent) -- 5.6.2.3 Injecting the Blowing Agent and Conditioning of the Melt -- 5.6.2.4 Discharge of the Melt through the Die -- 5.6.2.5 Growth of Cells and Stabilization of the Foam Structure -- 5.6.3 System Components for Foam Extrusion -- 5.7 Screw Configurations -- Michael Bierdel -- 5.8 Materials, Coatings, Wear Technology -- Oliver Kayser -- 5.8.1 Requirements to the Components for Compounding -- 5.8.2 Materials and Heat Treatment -- 5.8.2.1 Tempering Steels and Nitriding Steels -- 5.8.2.2 Hot-Work Steels -- 5.8.2.3 Alloyed Cold-Work Steels -- 5.8.2.4 High-Speed Steels -- 5.8.3 Execution of Components of Twin-Screw Extruders -- 5.8.4 Process of Surface Layer Hardening -- 5.8.4.1 Wear Protection by Nitriding -- 5.8.4.2 Avoidance of Adhesive Wear due to Nitriding -- 5.8.4.3 Avoidance of Pitting Corrosion by Nitriding -- 5.8.4.4 Special Process for Maintaining Corrosion Protection -- 5.8.5 Wear Protection by Coatings -- 5.8.5.1 Hard Chromium -- 5.8.5.2 Chemical Nickel -- 5.8.5.3 Thin Layers of Hard Material -- 5.8.5.3.1 Physical Vapor Deposition -- 5.8.5.3.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition -- 5.8.6 Recommendations for Application -- 5.8.7 Summary and Outlook -- 6 Compounding and Polymer Processing with Different Extruder Types -- 6.1 Extruder Types - Introduction -- Klemens Kohlgrüber -- 6.1.1 Compounding and Processing with Different Extruder Types -- 6.1.2 Single-Screw Extruders -- 6.1.3 Gear Pumps -- 6.1.4 Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders -- 6.1.5 Counter-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders -- 6.1.6 Multi-Screw Extruders: RingExtruders and Planetary Roller Extruders -- 6.1.7 Non-Screw Extruders -- 6.1.8 High-Viscosity Reactors -- 6.2 Single-Screw Extruder. Gregor Karrenberg. |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9911006723703321 |
| München : , : Hanser, , 2022 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Plastics, additives & compounding
| Plastics, additives & compounding |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Kidlington, Oxford, : Elsevier Advanced Technology, 1999- |
| Soggetto topico |
Plastics - Additives
Plastics - Mixing Matières plastiques - Adjuvants Matières plastiques - Mélange |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Periodicals. |
| Soggetto non controllato | Chemical Engineering |
| ISSN | 1873-2275 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Periodico |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti |
Plastics, additives, and compounding
Additives & compounding |
| Record Nr. | UNISA-996206277703316 |
| Kidlington, Oxford, : Elsevier Advanced Technology, 1999- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno | ||
| ||
Plastics, additives & compounding
| Plastics, additives & compounding |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Kidlington, Oxford, : Elsevier Advanced Technology, 1999- |
| Soggetto topico |
Plastics - Additives
Plastics - Mixing Matières plastiques - Adjuvants Matières plastiques - Mélange |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Periodicals. |
| ISSN | 1873-2275 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Periodico |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Altri titoli varianti |
Plastics, additives, and compounding
Additives & compounding |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910146972403321 |
| Kidlington, Oxford, : Elsevier Advanced Technology, 1999- | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
