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Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner
| Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| Autore | Klöpffer Walter <1938-> |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (261 p.) |
| Disciplina | 628.52 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | WagnerBurkhard O |
| Soggetto topico |
Organic compounds - Biodegradation
Chemistry, Organic |
| Soggetto genere / forma | Electronic books. |
| ISBN |
1-281-23920-8
9786611239206 3-527-61163-0 3-527-61162-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Significance of Photo-degradation in Environmental Risk Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential in Chemicals Regulation; 3 Multimedia Models as Tools to Estimate Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential; 4 Data Requirements for Multimedia Models; 5 Estimation of the Rate Constant of Organic Substances with Hydroxyl Radicals; 6 Research Requirements for Photo-degradation of Semi-volatile Substances; 7 Conclusions; References
Chapter 2 Abiotic Degradation in the Atmosphere1 Introduction; 2 Photo-degradation in the Homogenous Gas Phase of the Troposphere; 2.1 Indirect Photochemical Reactions; 2.1.1 The Reaction with OH-Radicals; 2.1.1.1 Sources and Sinks of the OH-Radical; 2.1.1.2 Reactions of OH with Organic Compounds; 2.1.2 The Reaction with NO(3)-Radicals; 2.1.2.1 Sources and Sinks of the NO(3)-Radical; 2.1.2.2 Reactions of NO(3) with Organic Compounds; 2.1.3 The Reaction with Ozone; 2.1.3.1 Sources and Sinks of O(3) in the Troposphere; 2.1.3.2 Reactions of O(3) with Organic Compounds 2.2 Direct Photochemical Reactions2.2.1 Quantum Efficiency; 2.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions in the Gas Phase; 3 Heterogeneous Degradation; 3.1 Degradation on Solid Surfaces; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Degradation on Fly Ash and Soot; 3.1.3 Degradation on Artificial Aerosols; 3.2 Degradation in Droplets; 3.2.1 Direct Photochemical Transformation; 3.2.2 Reactive Trace Compounds in Cloud, Fog and Rainwater; 3.2.3 Reactions of Organic Molecules; 3.2.4 Summary; 4 Experimental; 4.1 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 4.1.1 Bimolecular Reaction with OH 4.1.1.1 Direct Methods for Measuring k(OH)4.1.1.2 Indirect Methods for the Measurement of k(OH); 4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction with NO(3); 4.1.2.1 Introduction; 4.1.2.2 Absolute Measurement; 4.1.2.3 Relative Measurements; 4.1.3 Bimolecular Reaction with Ozone; 4.2 Direct Photo-transformation; 4.2.1 Determination of the Quantum Efficiency in the Gas Phase; 4.2.1.1 Gas Cuvette and Monochromatic Radiation; 4.2.1.2 Smog-chamber Method; 4.2.2 Outlook; 4.3 Degradation in the Adsorbed State; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Aerosol Chambers; 4.3.3 Alternative Measurements of k(OH,ads) 5 Additional Information Necessary for Calculating Lifetimes5.1 Atmospheric Lifetimes; 5.2 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 5.2.1 Average OH Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.2 Average NO(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.3 Average O(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.3 Direct Photochemical Degradation; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum; 5.3.3 Spectral Photon Irradiance; 5.3.4 Final Comments on Direct and Indirect Photochemical Transformation; References; Chapter 3 Table of Reaction Rate Constants of Photo-Degradation Processes; 1 Content of the Table 2 Explanation of the Column Headings |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910143971703321 |
Klöpffer Walter <1938->
|
||
| Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner
| Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| Autore | Klöpffer Walter <1938-> |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (261 p.) |
| Disciplina | 628.52 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | WagnerBurkhard O |
| Soggetto topico |
Organic compounds - Biodegradation
Chemistry, Organic |
| ISBN |
1-281-23920-8
9786611239206 3-527-61163-0 3-527-61162-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Significance of Photo-degradation in Environmental Risk Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential in Chemicals Regulation; 3 Multimedia Models as Tools to Estimate Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential; 4 Data Requirements for Multimedia Models; 5 Estimation of the Rate Constant of Organic Substances with Hydroxyl Radicals; 6 Research Requirements for Photo-degradation of Semi-volatile Substances; 7 Conclusions; References
Chapter 2 Abiotic Degradation in the Atmosphere1 Introduction; 2 Photo-degradation in the Homogenous Gas Phase of the Troposphere; 2.1 Indirect Photochemical Reactions; 2.1.1 The Reaction with OH-Radicals; 2.1.1.1 Sources and Sinks of the OH-Radical; 2.1.1.2 Reactions of OH with Organic Compounds; 2.1.2 The Reaction with NO(3)-Radicals; 2.1.2.1 Sources and Sinks of the NO(3)-Radical; 2.1.2.2 Reactions of NO(3) with Organic Compounds; 2.1.3 The Reaction with Ozone; 2.1.3.1 Sources and Sinks of O(3) in the Troposphere; 2.1.3.2 Reactions of O(3) with Organic Compounds 2.2 Direct Photochemical Reactions2.2.1 Quantum Efficiency; 2.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions in the Gas Phase; 3 Heterogeneous Degradation; 3.1 Degradation on Solid Surfaces; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Degradation on Fly Ash and Soot; 3.1.3 Degradation on Artificial Aerosols; 3.2 Degradation in Droplets; 3.2.1 Direct Photochemical Transformation; 3.2.2 Reactive Trace Compounds in Cloud, Fog and Rainwater; 3.2.3 Reactions of Organic Molecules; 3.2.4 Summary; 4 Experimental; 4.1 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 4.1.1 Bimolecular Reaction with OH 4.1.1.1 Direct Methods for Measuring k(OH)4.1.1.2 Indirect Methods for the Measurement of k(OH); 4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction with NO(3); 4.1.2.1 Introduction; 4.1.2.2 Absolute Measurement; 4.1.2.3 Relative Measurements; 4.1.3 Bimolecular Reaction with Ozone; 4.2 Direct Photo-transformation; 4.2.1 Determination of the Quantum Efficiency in the Gas Phase; 4.2.1.1 Gas Cuvette and Monochromatic Radiation; 4.2.1.2 Smog-chamber Method; 4.2.2 Outlook; 4.3 Degradation in the Adsorbed State; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Aerosol Chambers; 4.3.3 Alternative Measurements of k(OH,ads) 5 Additional Information Necessary for Calculating Lifetimes5.1 Atmospheric Lifetimes; 5.2 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 5.2.1 Average OH Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.2 Average NO(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.3 Average O(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.3 Direct Photochemical Degradation; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum; 5.3.3 Spectral Photon Irradiance; 5.3.4 Final Comments on Direct and Indirect Photochemical Transformation; References; Chapter 3 Table of Reaction Rate Constants of Photo-Degradation Processes; 1 Content of the Table 2 Explanation of the Column Headings |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910830092703321 |
|
Klöpffer Walter <1938->
|
||
| Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner
| Atmospheric degradation of organic substances [[electronic resource] ] : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| Autore | Klöpffer Walter <1938-> |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (261 p.) |
| Disciplina | 628.52 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | WagnerBurkhard O |
| Soggetto topico |
Organic compounds - Biodegradation
Chemistry, Organic |
| ISBN |
1-281-23920-8
9786611239206 3-527-61163-0 3-527-61162-2 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Atmospheric Degradation of Organic Substances; Foreword; Preface; Contents; Chapter 1 Significance of Photo-degradation in Environmental Risk Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential in Chemicals Regulation; 3 Multimedia Models as Tools to Estimate Persistence and Long-range Transport Potential; 4 Data Requirements for Multimedia Models; 5 Estimation of the Rate Constant of Organic Substances with Hydroxyl Radicals; 6 Research Requirements for Photo-degradation of Semi-volatile Substances; 7 Conclusions; References
Chapter 2 Abiotic Degradation in the Atmosphere1 Introduction; 2 Photo-degradation in the Homogenous Gas Phase of the Troposphere; 2.1 Indirect Photochemical Reactions; 2.1.1 The Reaction with OH-Radicals; 2.1.1.1 Sources and Sinks of the OH-Radical; 2.1.1.2 Reactions of OH with Organic Compounds; 2.1.2 The Reaction with NO(3)-Radicals; 2.1.2.1 Sources and Sinks of the NO(3)-Radical; 2.1.2.2 Reactions of NO(3) with Organic Compounds; 2.1.3 The Reaction with Ozone; 2.1.3.1 Sources and Sinks of O(3) in the Troposphere; 2.1.3.2 Reactions of O(3) with Organic Compounds 2.2 Direct Photochemical Reactions2.2.1 Quantum Efficiency; 2.2.2 Examples of Photochemical Reactions in the Gas Phase; 3 Heterogeneous Degradation; 3.1 Degradation on Solid Surfaces; 3.1.1 Introduction; 3.1.2 Degradation on Fly Ash and Soot; 3.1.3 Degradation on Artificial Aerosols; 3.2 Degradation in Droplets; 3.2.1 Direct Photochemical Transformation; 3.2.2 Reactive Trace Compounds in Cloud, Fog and Rainwater; 3.2.3 Reactions of Organic Molecules; 3.2.4 Summary; 4 Experimental; 4.1 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 4.1.1 Bimolecular Reaction with OH 4.1.1.1 Direct Methods for Measuring k(OH)4.1.1.2 Indirect Methods for the Measurement of k(OH); 4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction with NO(3); 4.1.2.1 Introduction; 4.1.2.2 Absolute Measurement; 4.1.2.3 Relative Measurements; 4.1.3 Bimolecular Reaction with Ozone; 4.2 Direct Photo-transformation; 4.2.1 Determination of the Quantum Efficiency in the Gas Phase; 4.2.1.1 Gas Cuvette and Monochromatic Radiation; 4.2.1.2 Smog-chamber Method; 4.2.2 Outlook; 4.3 Degradation in the Adsorbed State; 4.3.1 Introduction; 4.3.2 Aerosol Chambers; 4.3.3 Alternative Measurements of k(OH,ads) 5 Additional Information Necessary for Calculating Lifetimes5.1 Atmospheric Lifetimes; 5.2 Indirect Photochemical Degradation; 5.2.1 Average OH Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.2 Average NO(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.2.3 Average O(3) Concentration in the Troposphere; 5.3 Direct Photochemical Degradation; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Absorption Spectrum; 5.3.3 Spectral Photon Irradiance; 5.3.4 Final Comments on Direct and Indirect Photochemical Transformation; References; Chapter 3 Table of Reaction Rate Constants of Photo-Degradation Processes; 1 Content of the Table 2 Explanation of the Column Headings |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910841875403321 |
|
Klöpffer Walter <1938->
|
||
| Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Atmospheric degradation of organic substances : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner
| Atmospheric degradation of organic substances : data for persistence and long-range transport potential / Walter Klöpffer and Burkhard O. Wagner |
| Autore | Klöpffer, Walter |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Weinheim : Wiley-VCH |
| Descrizione fisica | xv, 241 p. : ill. ; 25 cm |
| Disciplina | 547 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | Wagner, Burkhard O. |
| Soggetto topico | Organic compounds - Biodegradation |
| ISBN | 9783527316069 |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Record Nr. | UNISALENTO-991002899369707536 |
|
Klöpffer, Walter
|
||
| Weinheim : Wiley-VCH | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. del Salento | ||
| ||
Stability and degradation of organic and polymer solar cells [[electronic resource] /] / editor, Frederik C. Krebs
| Stability and degradation of organic and polymer solar cells [[electronic resource] /] / editor, Frederik C. Krebs |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley, 2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (376 p.) |
| Disciplina | 621.3815/42 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | KrebsFrederik C |
| Soggetto topico |
Polymers - Deterioration
Photovoltaic cells Organic compounds - Biodegradation |
| ISBN |
1-118-31223-6
1-280-59010-6 9786613619938 1-118-31221-X 1-119-94243-8 1-119-94242-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of Contributors; 1. The Different PV Technologies and How They Degrade; 1.1 The Photovoltaic Effect and the Overview; 1.2 The Photovoltaic Technologies; 1.3 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Stability; 1.3.1 Intrinsic Stability; 1.3.2 Extrinsic Stability; 1.4 Degradation - The Culprits, the What, the Why and the How; 1.5 Some Representative Technologies and How They Degrade; 1.5.1 Mono- and Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells; 1.5.2 Amorphous, Micro- and Nanocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
1.5.3 CIS/CIGS Solar Cells1.5.4 CdS/CdTe Solar Cells; 1.5.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC); 1.5.6 Organic and Polymer Solar Cells (OPV); References; 2. Chemical and Physical Probes for Studying Degradation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Physical Probes; 2.2.1 UV-vis Spectroscopy; 2.2.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM); 2.2.3 Interference Microscopy; 2.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); 2.2.5 Fluorescence Microscopy; 2.2.6 Light-Beam Induced-Current Microscopy (LBIC); 2.2.7 Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence Imaging Microscopy (ELI and PLI); 2.2.8 X-ray Reflectometry; 2.3 Chemical Probes 2.3.1 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)2.3.2 Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS); 2.3.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS); 2.4 Summary and Outlook; References; 3. Imaging Techniques for Studying OPV Stability and Degradation; 3.1 Introduction to Imaging Techniques; 3.1.1 Microscopy and Optical Scanning; 3.1.2 Luminescence Imaging; 3.1.3 Lock-In Thermography; 3.1.4 Light-Beam Induced Current; 3.2 Reports; 3.2.1 Background: Degradation of OLED Devices; 3.2.2 Light-Beam Induced Current; 3.2.3 Luminescence Imaging; 3.2.4 Optical Microscopy 3.2.5 Dark Lock-In Thermography and LBIC3.2.6 Dark Lock-In Thermography and Optical Scanning for Failure Analysis; 3.3 Discussion: Comparison of Imaging Techniques; 3.4 Summary; Acknowledgement; References; 4. Photochemical Stability of Materials for OPV; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methods; 4.2.1 Aging Condition; 4.2.2 Degradation Monitoring; 4.3 State-of-the-Art; 4.3.1 Degradation of the p-Conjugated Polymer; 4.3.2 Acceptor Material Aging and Blend Degradation; References; 5. Degradation of Small-Molecule-Based OPV; 5.1 Comparison to Small-Molecule OLEDs 5.1.1 Number of Photoexcitations per Molecule5.2 Comparison to Polymer Solar Cells; 5.2.1 Sensitivity to Air; 5.2.2 Temperature Stability; 5.3 Small-Molecule Organic Materials; 5.3.1 Active Materials; 5.3.2 Transport- and Exciton-Blocking Materials; 5.4 Degradation Conditions; 5.4.1 Oxygen and Water; 5.4.2 UV Radiation; 5.5 State-of-the-Art in Lifetime Studies; 5.6 Summary and Outlook; References; 6. Degradation of Polymer-Based OPV; 6.1 Focus on the Degradation and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells; 6.2 A Chart of Degradation and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells 6.3 A Short Account of the OPV Stability/Degradation History |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910141321703321 |
| Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley, 2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
Stability and degradation of organic and polymer solar cells [[electronic resource] /] / editor, Frederik C. Krebs
| Stability and degradation of organic and polymer solar cells [[electronic resource] /] / editor, Frederik C. Krebs |
| Edizione | [1st ed.] |
| Pubbl/distr/stampa | Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley, 2012 |
| Descrizione fisica | 1 online resource (376 p.) |
| Disciplina | 621.3815/42 |
| Altri autori (Persone) | KrebsFrederik C |
| Soggetto topico |
Polymers - Deterioration
Photovoltaic cells Organic compounds - Biodegradation |
| ISBN |
1-118-31223-6
1-280-59010-6 9786613619938 1-118-31221-X 1-119-94243-8 1-119-94242-X |
| Formato | Materiale a stampa |
| Livello bibliografico | Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione | eng |
| Nota di contenuto |
Stability and Degradation of Organic and Polymer Solar Cells; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; List of Contributors; 1. The Different PV Technologies and How They Degrade; 1.1 The Photovoltaic Effect and the Overview; 1.2 The Photovoltaic Technologies; 1.3 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Stability; 1.3.1 Intrinsic Stability; 1.3.2 Extrinsic Stability; 1.4 Degradation - The Culprits, the What, the Why and the How; 1.5 Some Representative Technologies and How They Degrade; 1.5.1 Mono- and Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells; 1.5.2 Amorphous, Micro- and Nanocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
1.5.3 CIS/CIGS Solar Cells1.5.4 CdS/CdTe Solar Cells; 1.5.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC); 1.5.6 Organic and Polymer Solar Cells (OPV); References; 2. Chemical and Physical Probes for Studying Degradation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Physical Probes; 2.2.1 UV-vis Spectroscopy; 2.2.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM); 2.2.3 Interference Microscopy; 2.2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); 2.2.5 Fluorescence Microscopy; 2.2.6 Light-Beam Induced-Current Microscopy (LBIC); 2.2.7 Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence Imaging Microscopy (ELI and PLI); 2.2.8 X-ray Reflectometry; 2.3 Chemical Probes 2.3.1 Infrared Spectroscopy (IR)2.3.2 Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS); 2.3.3 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS); 2.4 Summary and Outlook; References; 3. Imaging Techniques for Studying OPV Stability and Degradation; 3.1 Introduction to Imaging Techniques; 3.1.1 Microscopy and Optical Scanning; 3.1.2 Luminescence Imaging; 3.1.3 Lock-In Thermography; 3.1.4 Light-Beam Induced Current; 3.2 Reports; 3.2.1 Background: Degradation of OLED Devices; 3.2.2 Light-Beam Induced Current; 3.2.3 Luminescence Imaging; 3.2.4 Optical Microscopy 3.2.5 Dark Lock-In Thermography and LBIC3.2.6 Dark Lock-In Thermography and Optical Scanning for Failure Analysis; 3.3 Discussion: Comparison of Imaging Techniques; 3.4 Summary; Acknowledgement; References; 4. Photochemical Stability of Materials for OPV; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methods; 4.2.1 Aging Condition; 4.2.2 Degradation Monitoring; 4.3 State-of-the-Art; 4.3.1 Degradation of the p-Conjugated Polymer; 4.3.2 Acceptor Material Aging and Blend Degradation; References; 5. Degradation of Small-Molecule-Based OPV; 5.1 Comparison to Small-Molecule OLEDs 5.1.1 Number of Photoexcitations per Molecule5.2 Comparison to Polymer Solar Cells; 5.2.1 Sensitivity to Air; 5.2.2 Temperature Stability; 5.3 Small-Molecule Organic Materials; 5.3.1 Active Materials; 5.3.2 Transport- and Exciton-Blocking Materials; 5.4 Degradation Conditions; 5.4.1 Oxygen and Water; 5.4.2 UV Radiation; 5.5 State-of-the-Art in Lifetime Studies; 5.6 Summary and Outlook; References; 6. Degradation of Polymer-Based OPV; 6.1 Focus on the Degradation and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells; 6.2 A Chart of Degradation and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells 6.3 A Short Account of the OPV Stability/Degradation History |
| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910814201803321 |
| Chichester, West Sussex, U.K., : Wiley, 2012 | ||
| Materiale a stampa | ||
| Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II | ||
| ||
