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Advances in Critical Care Pediatric Nephrology : Point of Care Ultrasound and Diagnostics / / edited by Sidharth Kumar Sethi, Rupesh Raina, Mignon McCulloch, Timothy E. Bunchman
Advances in Critical Care Pediatric Nephrology : Point of Care Ultrasound and Diagnostics / / edited by Sidharth Kumar Sethi, Rupesh Raina, Mignon McCulloch, Timothy E. Bunchman
Edizione [1st ed. 2021.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2021
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (X, 207 p. 59 illus., 43 illus. in color.)
Disciplina 616.028
Soggetto topico Critical care medicine
Emergency medicine
Radiology
Pediatrics
Nephrology
Intensive Care Medicine
Emergency Medicine
Nefrologia pediàtrica
Medicina intensiva
Soggetto genere / forma Llibres electrònics
ISBN 981-334-554-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto SECTION I: Point of Care Ultrasound: Introduction and advantages of point of care ultrasound in intensive care -- Modes and equipment -- Sonography of the kidneys -- Ultrasound guidance for procedure -- Lung ultrasound and cardiac assessment for intravascular volume status -- Permanent vascular access for hemodialysis -- Focused echocardiogram -- Need for training and certification -- SECTION II: Diagnostics: Fluid overload and kidney injury score: a multidimensional real-time assessment of renal disease burden in the critically ill patient -- Blood volume monitoring on fluid removal during intermittent hemodialysis of critically ill children with acute kidney injury -- Subclinical acute kidney injury and adverse outcomes in critically ill neonates and children -- Acute kidney injury defined by fluid corrected creatinine in neonates after the cardiac surgeries -- Pediatric AKI based on the reference change value of serum creatinin-pROCK -- Cardiac surgery-associated kidney injury in children and renal oximetry -- Serum and urine FGF23 and IGFBP-7 for the prediction of acute kidney injury in critically ill children -- Renal functional reserve and furosemide stress test -- Associations of perioperative renal oximetry via near-infrared spectroscopy, and postoperative acute kidney injury in infants after congenital heart surgery -- Using age-specific biomarker ranges for diagnosis and prognosis in pediatric AKI.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910484946903321
Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2021
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Challenges in pediatric kidney transplantation : a practical guide / / edited by Katherine E. Twombley
Challenges in pediatric kidney transplantation : a practical guide / / edited by Katherine E. Twombley
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (429 pages)
Disciplina 617.9540083
Soggetto topico Pediatric nephrology
Kidneys - Transplantation
Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. in children
Trasplantament renal
Nefrologia pediàtrica
Trasplantament d'òrgans
Soggetto genere / forma Llibres electrònics
ISBN 3-030-74783-2
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Immunologic Challenges -- 1: Immunologic Challenges Pre-transplant -- Introduction -- What Is Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)? -- Pre-transplant -- How Does Sensitization Occur? -- Why Is HLA Compatibility Important? -- Epitope Mismatch -- How Are HLA Antibodies Detected and HLA Matching Performed? -- Antibody Detection -- Cell-Based Assays -- Solid-Phase Assays -- Is Median Fluorescent Intensity (MFI) Signal a Surrogate Measure of the Level of HLA Antibody? -- Peri-transplant -- The Virtual Crossmatch (vXM) in Transplantation -- Unexpected Crossmatch Scenarios -- Clinical Scenarios and Interpretation of Crossmatch Results in Kidney Transplantation -- Conclusion -- Questions and Answers with Explanation -- References -- 2: Challenges in Post-transplant Immunologic Monitoring -- Challenges in Post-transplant Immunologic Monitoring -- Conventional Monitoring Post-Transplant -- Serum Creatinine (Graft Function) -- Drug Monitoring and Variability -- Surveillance Monitoring of Donor-Specific Antibodies -- Non-HLA Antibodies -- Surveillance Biopsies (SBs) -- Innovative Biomarkers for Immunologic Monitoring Post-transplant -- Donor-Derived Cell-Free DNA (dd-cfDNA) -- Urinary Biomarkers -- Molecular Diagnostics -- The Future of Post-transplant Immune Monitoring -- Q& -- A -- Bibliography -- 3: Rejection Challenges: Diagnosis and Management -- A Brief History of Rejection -- An Evolving Paradigm of Rejection: From Discreet Episodic Events to a Fluctuating Continuum of Immune Alloreactivity -- Pathophysiology of Alloimmune Activation and Downstream Processes -- T Cell Development and Activation -- T Cell Migration and Mechanisms of Injury in T Cell-Mediated Rejection with the Allograft -- B Cell Development and Activation -- Alloantibodies and Antibody-Mediated Rejection -- Alloimmune Chronicity.
Detecting Rejection and Monitoring Its Course -- Clinical Monitoring and Biopsy Indication -- Surveillance Biopsies -- Follow-Up Biopsies -- Biomarkers for Rejection -- Gene Expression Signatures -- Chemokines -- Metabolomics -- Cell-Free DNA -- Predisposing Risk Factors for Rejection -- Recipient-Related Risks -- Donor-Recipient Interface -- Donor-Related Risks -- Silent Sensitization -- HLA Mismatch -- Post-transplant Factors -- Hyperacute Rejection -- Acute T Cell-Mediated Rejection (TCMR) -- Clinical and Histological Features -- Treatment of TCMR -- Corticosteroids -- Lymphocyte-Depleting Therapies -- Late Acute TCMR -- B Cell-Rich and Plasma Cell-Rich Acute Rejection -- B Cell-Rich Rejection -- Plasma Cell-Rich Acute Rejection -- Active Antibody-Mediated Rejection (AMR) -- Clinical and Histological Features -- Treatment of AMR -- Plasmapheresis and IVIG -- Rituximab -- Bortezomib -- Emerging Treatments -- Response to Treatment -- Chronic Active TCMR -- Clinical and Histological Features -- Management -- Chronic Active AMR -- Clinical and Histological Features -- Management -- Emerging Therapies -- Post Rejection Infection Prophylaxis -- Special Circumstances: Infection and Rejection -- AGPN and Rejection -- BK Virus and Rejection -- Case Studies -- References -- Part II: Infectious Challenges -- 4: Pretransplant Donor and Recipient Infectious Challenges -- Pretransplant Infectious Disease Evaluation -- Evaluation of the Pediatric Kidney Transplant Candidate -- HIV and Hepatitis Viruses -- Cytomegalovirus/Epstein-Barr Virus Serostatus of Donor and Recipient -- Cytomegalovirus -- Epstein-Barr Virus -- Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Fungal Infections and Endemic Mycoses -- Parasitic Infections -- COVID-19 -- Urinary Tract Infections -- PHS Increased Risk Donors -- Window Period Duration and the Risk of Virus Transmission.
Outcomes of PHS Increased Risk Donors in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation -- Informed Consent -- Posttransplant Testing -- Immunizations -- Preparing the Dialysis Patient for Transplantation -- Vaccine Schedule: Current American Academy of Pediatrics Recommendations -- Summary of recommendations with end stage kidney disease, including transplant candidates [62-64] -- Hepatitis B -- Influenza Vaccine -- Pneumococcal Vaccine [68, 69] -- Special Situations [70, 71] -- Household/Live Donor Vaccination -- Live Vaccines -- Varicella Vaccine -- Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine -- Recombinant and Inactivated ("Killed") Vaccines -- DTaP/Tdap/dT Vaccine -- Poliovirus Vaccine -- Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccine -- Hepatitis A Vaccine -- Hepatitis B Vaccine -- Meningococcal Vaccine -- Human Papillomavirus -- Updating Immunizations for the Dialysis Patient Awaiting Transplant -- Questions -- References -- 5: Post-transplant Recipient Infectious Challenges -- Introduction -- Opportunistic Post-Kidney Transplant Infections (CMV, EBV, and BK Virus and PJP) -- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) -- Risk Factors -- Clinical Presentation -- Screening -- Prophylaxis and Preemptive Therapy -- Treatment -- BK Virus -- Risk Factors -- Clinical Presentation -- Screening -- Treatment -- Epstein-Barr Virus -- Risk Factors -- Clinical Presentation -- Screening -- Treatment -- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) -- Resurgent Viral Infection Outbreaks: Measles and Mumps -- Cancer Risks -- Cancer Incidence -- Cancer Risk Factors -- Immunosuppression Burden -- EBV Recipient-Donor Sero-Mismatch -- Time Since Transplant -- HLA Haplotypes -- Pre-transplant Malignancy -- Age -- Gender -- Race -- Donor Source -- Recombinant Growth Hormone (rGH) Use -- Cancer Prevention Strategies -- Cancer Treatment -- Cancer Outcomes -- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) -- Prevalence -- Risk Factors.
Prevention -- Treatment -- Asymptomatic Bacteriuria -- Outcomes -- MOC Questions -- References -- Part III: Disease Challenges -- 6: Urological Considerations for Pediatric Renal Transplantation: CAKUT Challenges -- Urological Complications Post-transplant -- References -- 7: Rheumatologic Challenges -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Introduction -- Clinical Course of Renal Involvement and Outcomes -- Renal Transplantation in Lupus Nephritis -- Recurrence of Lupus Nephritis Post-transplantation -- Health Disparities in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis -- Conclusion -- IgA Vasculitis -- Introduction -- Clinical Course of Renal Involvement and Outcomes -- Renal Transplantation in IgAV Nephritis and Outcomes -- ANCA-Associated Vasculitis -- Introduction -- Clinical Course of Renal Involvement and Outcomes -- Renal Transplantation in Childhood AAV and Outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- 8: Recurrent Disease Challenges in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation -- Introduction -- Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) -- Nature and Frequency of Primary Disease -- Considerations for Transplant Planning -- Risk Factors for Recurrence and Treatment of Recurrence -- Risk of Disease Recurrence in the Era of Eculizumab -- Additional Post-transplant Considerations -- C3 Glomerulopathy (C3G) -- Nature and Frequency of C3G -- Considerations for Transplant Planning -- Risk Factors for Recurrence and Treatment of C3G Recurrence -- IgA Nephropathy -- Nature and Frequency of IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) -- Risk Factors for Recurrence -- Considerations for Transplant Planning -- Treatment of IgAN Recurrence -- Impact of IgAN on Graft Function and Survival -- IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) -- Lupus Nephritis -- Nature and Frequency of Disease -- Risk for Disease Recurrence -- Considerations for Transplant Planning.
Impact of RLN on Graft Function and Survival -- Other Diseases -- Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 (Oxalosis) -- Membranous Nephropathy -- Conclusion -- References -- 9: Nephrotic Syndrome Challenges: An Old Recurring Problem -- APOL1 -- Mechanism of Renal Injury -- Second Hit Modifiers -- Clinical Implications -- Pre-transplant Nephrectomy -- Proteinuria -- WT1 Mutation -- Disease Recurrence -- Genetic Mutations -- Living vs Deceased Donation -- Clinical Features Predictive of DR -- Circulating Factor and DR -- Treatment of Disease Recurrence -- Plasmapheresis -- Immunoadsorption -- Rituximab -- Cyclosporine -- Lipid Apheresis -- Questions -- Bibliography -- 10: Challenges of Maintaining Adequate Health and Well-Being, Growth, Nutrition, and Development in Pediatric Transplant Recipients -- Vaccinations -- Pre-transplant -- Post-transplant -- Vaccines and Travel -- Nutritional Challenges -- Pre-transplant -- CKD 2-5 Pre-dialysis -- Hemodialysis -- Peritoneal Dialysis -- Nutritional Management in CKD and Dialysis -- Enteral Nutrition Support -- Post-transplant -- Appetite and Weight -- Transition from Enteral to Oral Feeding -- Medication Effects -- Nutritional Management Post-transplant -- Food Safety -- Growth Challenges -- Growth Hormone Physiology -- Growth and CKD -- Growth After Kidney Transplant -- Outcomes -- Growth Hormone Utilization -- Indications and Contraindications for Growth Hormone -- Work-Up, Treatment, and Monitoring -- Work-Up -- Treatment -- Monitoring -- Safety of Growth Hormone in Transplant Recipients -- Metabolic Bone Disease -- Pathophysiology of CKD-BMD -- Bone Mineral Monitoring -- Post-transplant Bone Metabolism -- PTH, FGF-23, and Hypophosphatemia -- Hypomagnesemia -- Vitamin D -- Immunosuppression -- Role of Sex Hormones -- Prevention Strategies -- Steroid Minimization -- Diet and Physical Activity -- Treatment.
Pharmacologic Therapies.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910488710503321
Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]
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Pediatric dialysis / / Bradley Alan Warady, Steven R. Alexander, Franz Schaefer, editors
Pediatric dialysis / / Bradley Alan Warady, Steven R. Alexander, Franz Schaefer, editors
Edizione [3rd ed.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (975 pages) : illustrations
Disciplina 618.9261
Soggetto topico Hemodialysis
Pediatric nephrology
Hemodiàlisi
Nefrologia pediàtrica
Soggetto genere / forma Llibres electrònics
ISBN 3-030-66861-4
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Essential Primers -- 1: Notes on the History of Dialysis Therapy in Children -- Introduction -- Peritoneal Dialysis -- Hemodialysis -- Patient Registries and Multicenter Studies -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: The Biology of Dialysis -- Introduction -- Biology of Uremic Toxicity -- Solute Removal Mechanisms in Extracorporeal Dialysis -- Diffusion -- Solute Removal by Convection -- Solute Removal by Internal Filtration -- New Membrane Designs for Enhanced Removal of Large Toxins -- Solute Removal by Adsorption -- Peritoneal Dialysis: Biologic and Mass Transfer Considerations -- Factors Affecting Solute Transport -- Relationship Between Clearance and Mass Removal Rate Among Various Renal Replacement Therapies -- Clearance as a Dialyzer Performance Parameter -- Whole-Blood Clearance -- Blood Water and Plasma Clearance -- Dialysate-Side Clearance -- Whole-Body Clearance -- References -- 3: The Demographics of Dialysis in Children -- Introduction -- Sources of Demographic Data on Pediatric Dialysis Patients -- Incidence and Prevalence -- Access to Dialysis Around the World -- Effect of Era on the Incidence and Prevalence of ESKD in Children -- Effect of Age on the Incidence of RRT and Treatment Modality -- Primary Kidney Disease Diagnosis -- Mortality Risk -- Conclusion -- References -- 4: Chronic Dialysis in Developing Countries -- Introduction -- Economic Indicators -- Epidemiology of Renal Replacement Therapy in Developing Countries -- Demographics of the ESRD Population in Developing Countries -- Challenges Faced by Developing Countries in the Provision of Pediatric RRT -- Conclusion -- References -- 5: Organization and Management of a Pediatric Dialysis Program -- Introduction -- Operational Management -- Facility Culture and Organization -- Physical Space Needs.
Staffing the Unit -- Billing and Regulatory Guidelines -- Care Implementation -- Modality Selection -- Patient/Family Education -- Patient Care Plans -- Patient and Family Support -- Transition and Transfer of Care -- Quality Improvement and Safety -- Oversight and Ongoing Operations -- Conclusion -- References -- 6: Role of the Advanced Practice Provider in a Pediatric Dialysis Program -- Introduction -- History of the Advanced Practice Provider (APP) -- Nurse Practitioner -- Physician Assistant -- Orientation for the APP -- The APP in the Dialysis Unit -- Role of the APP in Hemodialysis -- Role of the APP in Peritoneal Dialysis -- Role of the APP in Critical Care Nephrology -- Billing Practices for the APP -- The Role of the APP in Transitions of Care -- CKD-ESKD -- Dialysis to Transplant -- Pediatric to Adult Care -- The Role of the APP in Improving Patient Outcomes -- Conclusion -- References -- 7: Quality Improvement Strategies and Outcomes in Pediatric Dialysis -- Introduction -- Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Performance Measures -- Oversight of Centers for Medicaid and Medicare (CMS) and State Regulations -- Quality Assessment and Performance Improvement Program -- Networks -- The ESRD Quality Incentive Program of the USA -- Consolidated Renal Operations in a Web-Enabled Network (CROWNWeb) -- National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) -- Dialysis Facility Report (DFR) -- Dialysis Facility Compare -- Developing a Quality Assessment Performance Improvement (QAPI) Program -- Challenges for the Small Pediatric Program -- Quality Improvement Design -- What Is the Problem? -- Quality Improvement Methodology -- What Are We Trying to Accomplish? -- How Will We Know a Change Is an Improvement? -- What Changes Can We Make That Will Result in Improvement? -- Plan -- Do -- Study -- Act -- Sustainability -- Conclusion -- References.
8: Antibiotic Stewardship in the Pediatric Dialysis Unit -- Introduction -- Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Children -- Common Pathogens in Pediatric Dialysis Patients -- Negative Consequences of Antibiotic Use -- Antibiotic Use in Children -- Antibiotic Use in Dialysis Patients -- Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Antimicrobial Stewardship Strategies -- Inpatient -- Outpatient -- Dialysis Specific -- Diagnostics -- Hemodialysis -- Peritoneal Dialysis -- Infection Prevention -- Vaccination -- Summary -- References -- Part II: Considerations Around the Initiation of Dialysis -- 9: The Decision to Initiate Dialysis in Children and Adolescents -- Introduction -- Methodology for Measuring Kidney Function -- Predialysis Patient Monitoring and Preparation for Dialysis -- Indications for Initiating Dialysis -- Absolute Indications for Initiating Dialysis -- Relative Indications for Initiating Dialysis -- Uremic Symptoms -- Hyperkalemia -- Hyperphosphatemia -- Malnutrition -- Growth Failure -- Timing of Elective Dialysis Initiation -- Estimated GFR at Dialysis Initiation -- Consensus Statements Regarding Dialysis Initiation -- Arguments for Early ("Timely") Initiation -- Arguments for Delayed Initiation -- Choice of Mode of Dialysis -- References -- 10: Urological Issues in Pediatric Dialysis -- Introduction -- Urological Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease -- Posterior Urethral Valves -- Vesicoureteral Reflux in the Pediatric Dialysis Patient -- Neurogenic Voiding Dysfunction -- Bladder Augmentation and End-Stage Kidney Disease -- Prune Belly Syndrome -- Urological Issues in the Pretransplant Workup -- Nephrectomy -- Inguinal Hernias and Peritoneal Dialysis -- Stomas, Catheters, Vascular Access, and Incisions -- Summary -- References -- 11: Preservation of Residual Renal Function in Children Reaching End-Stage Renal Disease -- Introduction.
Measurement of RRF -- Clinical Benefits of RRF -- General Risk Factors for Loss of Renal Function -- Specific Risk Factors for Loss of RRF in Patients on Dialysis -- Clinical Management Options to Slow CKD Progression and Preserve RRF on Dialysis -- Avoidance of Risk Factors -- Blood Pressure Control -- RAS Inhibition -- Diuretics -- Peritoneal Dialysis -- Hemodialysis -- Emerging Therapies -- Special Conditions -- References -- Part III: Peritoneal Dialysis -- 12: Peritoneal Access in Children Receiving Dialysis -- Peritoneal Dialysis Access -- Access Types -- Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation -- Omentectomy -- Fibrin Sealant -- Surgical Technique -- Laparoscopic Technique -- Open Technique -- Postimplantation Care -- Timing of Catheter Use -- Chronic Exit-Site Care -- Mechanical Complications -- Exit-Site Infection, Tunnel Infection, and Peritonitis -- PD Catheter Care Post-Kidney Transplantation -- Complications with PD Catheter Removal -- Conclusion -- References -- 13: Technical Aspects and Prescription of Peritoneal Dialysis in Children -- Introduction -- Update on PD Connection Technology -- Catheter-to-Transfer Set Connectors -- Transfer Set-to-Container Connection -- Transfer Sets -- Straight Transfer Set (the Standard Oreopoulos System) -- The Y-Set -- Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription -- The Peritoneal Dialysis System -- Peritoneal Microcirculation -- Peritoneal Membrane -- Dialysis Fluid Compartment -- Driving Forces of Solute and Water Exchange -- Diffusive Transport -- Ultrafiltration -- Convective Mass Transfer -- Peritoneal Membrane Function Tests -- Mass Transfer Area Coefficient -- Peritoneal Equilibration Test -- Standard Permeability Analysis -- Personal Dialysis Capacity Test -- Prescription of Peritoneal Fill Volume -- Prescription of Dwell Time -- Peritoneal Dialysis Methods and Regimens.
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) -- Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) -- Nightly Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (NIPD) -- Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) -- Tidal Peritoneal Dialysis (TPD) -- Adapted APD -- Concluding Remarks -- Peritonitis in APD Patients -- Evaluation of the Adequacy of Peritoneal Dialysis Treatment -- Clearance of Small Solutes -- Clearance of Middle-Sized Molecules -- Fluid Balance -- The Role of Residual Renal Function in Treatment Adequacy -- Clinical Evaluation of PD Treatment Adequacy -- Monitoring PD Adequacy in the Clinical Setting -- Machines for Automated Peritoneal Dialysis -- Characteristics of Cyclers for Automated Peritoneal Dialysis -- Registration of Treatment Data -- Transmission of Treatment Data -- Monitoring of Patient Adherence to the Prescribed APD Treatment -- Strategies to Enhance Patient Adherence to PD Prescriptions -- Conclusions -- References -- 14: Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions -- Introduction -- Biocompatibility -- PD Solution Components -- Electrolyte Composition -- Calcium -- Magnesium -- Alternate PD Solutions and Membrane-Sparing Strategies -- Conclusion -- References -- 15: Peritoneal Dialysis During Infancy -- Introduction -- Incidence and Etiology -- Ethical Considerations: Should Dialysis Be Initiated? -- Peritoneal Dialysis Access -- Prescription -- Nutrition and Growth -- Complications -- Hospitalization and Long-Term Outcomes -- Conclusions -- References -- 16: Infectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Children -- Introduction -- Incidence of PD-Related Infections -- Microbiology of PD-Related Infections -- Peritonitis -- PD Catheter-Related Infections -- Risk Factors and Prevention -- Patient Age -- PD Catheter Design, Insertion, and Postoperative Exit-Site Care -- Training -- Chronic Exit-Site Care -- Touch Contamination -- Ostomies.
Antibiotic and Antifungal Prophylaxis.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910483328203321
Cham, Switzerland : , : Springer, , [2021]
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