| Pubbl/distr/stampa |
Beijing ; ; Singapore : , : Science Press : , : Springer, , [2022]
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| Descrizione fisica |
1 online resource (375 pages)
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| Disciplina |
616.079
|
| Soggetto topico |
Immune response - Regulation
Myocarditis
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| ISBN |
9789811957598
9789811957581
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| Formato |
Materiale a stampa  |
| Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
| Lingua di pubblicazione |
eng
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| Nota di contenuto |
Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1: Introduction: Accumulating More Knowledge and Ability in Treating Fulminant Myocarditis to Save More Lives -- References -- 2: The Epidemiology of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Incidence of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 2.3 The Prognosis of Patients with Fulminant Myocarditis -- References -- 3: Pattern Recognition Receptors and Fulminant Myocarditis -- 3.1 Brief Introduction -- 3.2 Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) -- 3.2.1 Membrane-Bound TLRs -- 3.2.2 TLR1-2 and TLR6 -- 3.2.3 TLR4 -- 3.2.4 TLR5 -- 3.2.5 TLR3 and TLR7-9 -- 3.2.6 TLR10 -- 3.2.7 NLRs -- 3.2.8 NLRP3 Inflammasome -- 3.2.9 RLRs -- 3.2.10 Cytoplasmic DNA Sensors -- 3.2.11 CLRs -- 3.2.12 Non-pattern Recognition Receptors -- 3.2.13 RAGE -- 3.2.14 PRMs -- 3.2.15 Myeloid Cells's Triggering Receptors -- 3.2.16 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors -- 3.2.17 Actions of PRRs -- 3.2.18 Phagocytosis and TLRs -- 3.2.19 TLR Signaling Pathways -- 3.3 Pyroptosis and its Pathway -- 3.3.1 Expression of PRRs and Responses to Ligands in Heart -- References -- 4: Etiology and Pathogenesis of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 4.1 Etiology of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 4.1.1 Infectious Factors -- 4.1.1.1 Enterovirus -- 4.1.1.2 Adenovirus -- 4.1.1.3 Parvovirus -- 4.1.1.4 Human Herpes Virus -- 4.1.2 Non-infectious Factors -- 4.2 Pathogenesis of FM -- 4.3 Laboratory Test -- 4.3.1 Enterovirus -- 4.3.2 Adenovirus -- 4.3.3 Parvovirus -- 4.3.4 Human Herpes Virus -- 4.3.4.1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- 4.3.4.2 Flow Cytometry -- 4.3.4.3 Liquid Cytokine Chip -- 4.4 COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Etiology -- References -- 5: Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 5.1 Animal Models of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 5.1.1 Mouse Selection -- 5.1.2 Virus Selection.
5.1.2.1 Modeling Method -- 5.1.3 Establishment and Evaluation of Common Animal Models of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 5.2 Cytokine Storm in Fulminant Myocarditis -- 5.2.1 Interferons -- 5.2.1.1 Type I Interferon (IFN I) -- 5.2.1.2 Type II Interferon (IFN II) -- 5.2.2 Interleukins -- 5.2.2.1 IL-1 Family -- 5.2.2.2 IL-2 -- 5.2.2.3 IL-6 Family -- 5.2.2.4 IL-10 -- 5.2.3 Chemokines -- 5.2.4 Tumor Necrosis Factor -- 5.3 Pathogenesis of Cytokine Storm in Fulminant Myocarditis -- 5.4 Possible Mechanisms of Cytokine Storm-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction -- 5.5 In the Future -- References -- 6: Pathology of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 6.1 Overview of the Pathology of Myocarditis and Fulminant Myocarditis -- 6.1.1 Infectious Myocarditis -- 6.1.2 Non-infectious Myocarditis -- 6.2 Pathological Characteristics of Myocarditis of Different Etiologies -- 6.2.1 Viral Myocarditis -- 6.2.2 Bacterial Myocarditis -- 6.2.3 Fungal Myocarditis -- 6.2.4 Systemic Disease-Associated Myocarditis -- 6.2.5 Granulomatous Myocarditis -- 6.2.6 Allergic Myocarditis -- 6.2.7 Toxic Myocarditis from Snake Venom -- 6.3 Typical Cases -- 6.3.1 Case 1 -- 6.3.2 Case 2 -- 6.3.3 Case 3 -- 6.3.4 Case 4 -- 6.3.5 Case 5 -- References -- 7: Clinical Manifestations of and Laboratory Tests for Myocarditis and Fulminant Myocarditis -- 7.1 Clinical Manifestations -- 7.1.1 Predisposing Factors -- 7.1.2 Early Symptoms -- 7.1.2.1 Respiratory Symptoms -- 7.1.2.2 Gastrointestinal Symptoms -- 7.1.2.3 Systemic Symptoms -- 7.1.2.4 Symptoms of Myocardial Damage -- 7.1.3 Progressive Symptoms -- 7.1.3.1 Symptoms of Myocardial Damage -- Chest Pain and Tightness -- Painless Myocarditis -- Arrhythmia -- 7.1.3.2 Hemodynamic Disorder -- Acute Heart Failure -- Cardiogenic Shock -- Adams-Stokes Syndrome -- 7.1.3.3 Manifestations of Multiple Organ Involvement -- 7.2 Physical Signs.
7.2.1 Vital Signs -- 7.2.1.1 Fever -- 7.2.1.2 Hypotension -- 7.2.1.3 Breathing Changes -- 7.2.1.4 Heart Rate and Heart Rhythm Changes -- 7.2.2 Heart-Related Signs -- 7.2.2.1 Cardiac Size -- 7.2.2.2 Heart Sounds and Murmurs -- 7.2.2.3 Cardiac Insufficiency -- 7.2.3 Lung Signs -- 7.3 Laboratory Examination -- 7.3.1 Myocardial Injury Marker Cardiac Troponin I or T (cTnI or cTnT) Assessment -- 7.3.2 Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Assessment -- 7.3.3 Blood Routine Examination -- 7.3.4 General Biochemical Tests -- 7.3.5 Coagulation Function Tests -- 7.3.6 Inflammatory Indicator Assessment -- 7.3.7 Pathogen Detection -- 7.3.8 ECG -- 7.4 Case Reports -- References -- 8: Diagnostic Values and Clinical Application of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Fulmiant Myocarditis -- 8.1 EMB -- 8.1.1 Preoperative Preparation -- 8.1.2 Approach Selection and Equipment Preparation -- 8.1.3 Several Common EMB Operation Processes -- 8.1.3.1 Transradial Left Ventricular EMB -- 8.1.3.2 Transfemoral Left Ventricular EMB -- 8.1.3.3 Transfemoral Right Ventricular EMB -- 8.2 Management and Analysis of Myocardial Intimal Tissue -- 8.2.1 Light Microscopic Examination and Staining of Myocardial Intimal Tissues -- 8.2.2 Molecular Study of Myocardial Intimal Tissue -- 8.2.3 Molecular Biological Detection of the Virus Genome in Myocardium Tissue -- 8.2.4 Immunohistochemistry of the Myocardium -- 8.3 Clinical Application of EMB in Fulminant Myocarditis -- References -- 9: Association between Histological Changes and Clinical Manifestations of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 9.1 Lymphocytic Myocarditis -- 9.1.1 Stage 0 (Pre-Infection Stage) -- 9.1.2 Stage 1 (Acute Stage) -- 9.1.2.1 Entry of Virus into Cardiomyocytes -- 9.1.2.2 Replication of Virus -- 9.1.2.3 Direct Viral Damage to Cardiomyocytes -- 9.1.2.4 Host Defense-Innate Immune Response -- Interferons -- TLRs.
RNA Helicases -- 9.1.2.5 Host Defense-Acquired Immune Response -- 9.1.2.6 Damage to Host Cells by Host Immune Response -- 9.1.3 Stage 2 (Subacute Stage) -- 9.1.4 Stage 3 (Chronic Stage) -- 9.2 Giant Cell Myocarditis -- 9.3 Eosinophilic Myocarditis -- 9.4 Sarcoidosis Myocarditis -- 9.5 Connective Tissue Disease-Induced Autoimmune Myocarditis -- 9.6 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Myocarditis -- References -- 10: Changes of Electrpcardiography in Patients with Fulminant Myocarditis -- 10.1 Mechanism of Arrhythmias in Viral Myocarditis -- 10.2 Common ECG Findings of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 10.2.1 Sinus Arrhythmia -- 10.2.2 Atrial Arrhythmia -- 10.2.3 Changes in the Cardiac Conduction System -- 10.3 Arrhythmias and Prognosis of Myocarditis -- References -- 11: Echocardiography in Fulminant Myocarditis -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Two-Dimensional Echocardiography -- 11.2.1 Left Ventricular (LV) Function -- 11.2.2 Left Ventricular Dimension and Wall Thickness -- 11.2.3 Right Ventricular (RV) Function -- 11.2.4 Pericardial Effusion and Intra-cardiac Thrombus -- 11.3 Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography (STE) -- 11.4 Proposed Echocardiographic Scan Protocols -- 11.5 Utility of Echocardiography in Treating FM with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) -- 11.6 Prognostic Value of Echocardiographic Measurements in FM -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- 12: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Fulminant Myocarditis -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Utility of CMRI in Acute Myocarditis -- 12.3 Lake Louise Criteria (LCC) -- 12.4 Novel CMR Mapping Techniques -- 12.5 Functional Abnormalities -- 12.6 Pericardial Abnormalities -- 12.7 Update to the LCC -- 12.8 Utility of CMRI in FM -- 12.9 Prognostic Value of CMRI in Myocarditis -- 12.10 Limitations of CMRI in FM -- 12.11 Conclusion -- References.
13: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 13.1 Clinical Diagnosis of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 13.2 Pathological Classification of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 13.3 Differential Diagnosis of Fulminant Myocarditis -- References -- 14: Novel Conceptions in Treatments of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 14.1 New Understanding of Pathophysiology of Fulminant Myocarditis -- 14.2 Design of Treatment Regimen -- 14.3 Treatment Regimen -- 14.4 Life Support Treatment -- 14.4.1 ECMO -- 14.4.2 IABP -- 14.4.3 Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device -- 14.5 Immunomodulatory Therapy -- 14.5.1 Intravenous Gamma Globulin -- 14.5.2 GCs -- 14.5.3 Cytotoxic Immunosuppressive Drugs -- 14.5.4 CRRT -- 14.6 Antiviral Treatment -- References -- 15: Treatments of Fulminant Myocarditis in Acute Phase -- 15.1 Treatment in Acute Phase: Core Treatments -- 15.2 Mechanical Circulation Support -- 15.3 Immunomodulation Therapy -- 15.4 Administration of Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Antiviral Drugs -- 15.5 Assessment of Treatment Effects -- 15.6 Auxiliary Care -- References -- 16: Prevention and Treatment of Arrhythmias Complicated by Fulminant Myocarditis -- 16.1 Prediction and Prevention of Lethal Arrhythmias -- 16.1.1 Hypotension -- 16.1.2 Usage of Catecholamines -- 16.1.3 Long-Term Usage of α-Receptor Agonists -- 16.1.4 Sustained Shock -- 16.1.5 Prolonged QRS Interval -- 16.1.6 Female Patients -- 16.1.7 Hypokalemia -- 16.1.8 Hypoxemia -- 16.2 Treatments to Bradyarrhythmia -- 16.2.1 Drug Treatment -- 16.2.2 Temporary Pacemaker -- 16.3 Tachycardia -- 16.3.1 Electrolytes Management -- 16.3.2 Monitor the QTc Interval -- 16.3.3 Anti-arrhythmia Drugs -- 16.3.4 Electrical Cardioversion -- 16.3.5 Electrical Storms -- 16.3.6 Traditional Chinese Medicine -- References.
17: Prevention and Treatment of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Fulminant Myocarditis.
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| Record Nr. | UNINA-9910624314903321 |
Info
Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditis / / edited by Jose Milei and Giuseppe Ambrosio
