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MARC Lista (tabellare)
Lasers and nuclei : applications of ultrahigh intensity lasers in nuclear science / / edited by Heinrich Schwoerer, Joseph Magill, Burgard Beleites
Lasers and nuclei : applications of ultrahigh intensity lasers in nuclear science / / edited by Heinrich Schwoerer, Joseph Magill, Burgard Beleites
Edizione [1st ed. 2006.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Berlin, Germany ; ; New York, United States : , : Springer, , [2006]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (256 p.)
Disciplina 539.7232
Collana Lecture notes in physics
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser pulses, Ultrashort
Lasers in physics
High power lasers
ISBN 1-280-61818-3
9786610618187
3-540-30272-7
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Fundamentals and Equipment -- The Nuclear Era of Laser Interactions: New Milestones in the History of Power Compression -- High-Intensity Laser–Matter Interaction -- Laser-Triggered Nuclear Reactions -- POLARIS: An All Diode-Pumped Ultrahigh Peak Power Laser for High Repetition Rates -- The Megajoule Laser – A High-Energy-Density Physics Facility -- Sources -- Electron and Proton Beams Produced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses -- Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration and Nuclear Activation -- Pulsed Neutron Sources with Tabletop Laser-Accelerated Protons -- Transmutation -- Laser Transmutation of Nuclear Materials -- High-brightness ?-Ray Generation for Nuclear Transmutation -- Potential Role of Lasers for Sustainable Fission Energy Production and Transmutation of Nuclear Waste -- High-Power Laser Production of PET Isotopes -- Nuclear Science -- Nuclear Physics with High-Intensity Lasers -- Nuclear Physics with Laser Compton ?-Rays -- Status of Neutron Imaging.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910146625103321
Berlin, Germany ; ; New York, United States : , : Springer, , [2006]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Lasers and nuclei : applications of ultrahigh intensity lasers in nuclear science / / edited by Heinrich Schwoerer, Joseph Magill, Burgard Beleites
Lasers and nuclei : applications of ultrahigh intensity lasers in nuclear science / / edited by Heinrich Schwoerer, Joseph Magill, Burgard Beleites
Edizione [1st ed. 2006.]
Pubbl/distr/stampa Berlin, Germany ; ; New York, United States : , : Springer, , [2006]
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (256 p.)
Disciplina 539.7232
Collana Lecture notes in physics
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser pulses, Ultrashort
Lasers in physics
High power lasers
ISBN 1-280-61818-3
9786610618187
3-540-30272-7
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Fundamentals and Equipment -- The Nuclear Era of Laser Interactions: New Milestones in the History of Power Compression -- High-Intensity Laser–Matter Interaction -- Laser-Triggered Nuclear Reactions -- POLARIS: An All Diode-Pumped Ultrahigh Peak Power Laser for High Repetition Rates -- The Megajoule Laser – A High-Energy-Density Physics Facility -- Sources -- Electron and Proton Beams Produced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses -- Laser-Driven Ion Acceleration and Nuclear Activation -- Pulsed Neutron Sources with Tabletop Laser-Accelerated Protons -- Transmutation -- Laser Transmutation of Nuclear Materials -- High-brightness ?-Ray Generation for Nuclear Transmutation -- Potential Role of Lasers for Sustainable Fission Energy Production and Transmutation of Nuclear Waste -- High-Power Laser Production of PET Isotopes -- Nuclear Science -- Nuclear Physics with High-Intensity Lasers -- Nuclear Physics with Laser Compton ?-Rays -- Status of Neutron Imaging.
Record Nr. UNISA-996466701303316
Berlin, Germany ; ; New York, United States : , : Springer, , [2006]
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. di Salerno
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Lévy statistics and laser cooling : how rare events bring atoms to rest / / François Bardou [and others] [[electronic resource]]
Lévy statistics and laser cooling : how rare events bring atoms to rest / / François Bardou [and others] [[electronic resource]]
Autore Bardou François <1967->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2002
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xiii, 199 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
Disciplina 539.7
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser cooling
Atoms - Cooling
Lévy processes
ISBN 1-107-12469-7
1-282-38909-2
0-511-64291-1
9786612389092
0-511-15572-7
0-511-56144-X
0-511-75566-X
0-511-04459-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Laser cooling -- Subrecoil laser cooling -- Subrecoil cooling and Levy statistics -- Subrecoil laser cooling and anomalous random walks -- Standard laser cooling: friction forces and the recoil limit -- Friction forces and cooling -- The recoil limit -- Laser cooling based on inhomogeneous random walks in momentum space -- Physical mechanism -- How to create an inhomogeneous random walk -- Expected cooling properties -- Quantum description of subrecoil laser cooling -- Wave nature of atomic motion -- Difficulties of the standard quantum treatment -- Quantum jump description. The delay function -- Simulation of the atomic momentum stochastic evolution -- Generalization. Stochastic wave functions and random walks in Hilbert space -- From quantum optics to classical random walks -- Fictitious classical particle associated with the quantum random walk -- Simplified jump rate -- Trapping and recycling. Statistical properties -- Trapping and recycling regions -- Models of inhomogeneous random walks -- Friction -- Trapping region -- Recycling region -- Momentum jumps -- Probability distribution of the trapping times -- One-dimensional quadratic jump rate -- Generalization to higher dimensions -- Generalization to a non-quadratic jump rate -- Probability distribution of the recycling times -- Presentation of the problem: first return time in Brownian motion -- The unconfined model in one dimension -- The Doppler model in one dimension -- The confined model: random walk with walls -- Broad distributions and Levy statistics: a brief overview.
Altri titoli varianti Lévy Statistics & Laser Cooling
Record Nr. UNINA-9910454929503321
Bardou François <1967->  
Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2002
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Lévy statistics and laser cooling : how rare events bring atoms to rest / / François Bardou [and others] [[electronic resource]]
Lévy statistics and laser cooling : how rare events bring atoms to rest / / François Bardou [and others] [[electronic resource]]
Autore Bardou François <1967->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2002
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xiii, 199 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
Disciplina 539.7
Altri autori (Persone) BardouFrançois <1967->
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser cooling
Atoms - Cooling
Lévy processes
ISBN 1-107-12469-7
1-282-38909-2
0-511-64291-1
9786612389092
0-511-15572-7
0-511-56144-X
0-511-75566-X
0-511-04459-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Laser cooling -- Subrecoil laser cooling -- Subrecoil cooling and Levy statistics -- Subrecoil laser cooling and anomalous random walks -- Standard laser cooling: friction forces and the recoil limit -- Friction forces and cooling -- The recoil limit -- Laser cooling based on inhomogeneous random walks in momentum space -- Physical mechanism -- How to create an inhomogeneous random walk -- Expected cooling properties -- Quantum description of subrecoil laser cooling -- Wave nature of atomic motion -- Difficulties of the standard quantum treatment -- Quantum jump description. The delay function -- Simulation of the atomic momentum stochastic evolution -- Generalization. Stochastic wave functions and random walks in Hilbert space -- From quantum optics to classical random walks -- Fictitious classical particle associated with the quantum random walk -- Simplified jump rate -- Trapping and recycling. Statistical properties -- Trapping and recycling regions -- Models of inhomogeneous random walks -- Friction -- Trapping region -- Recycling region -- Momentum jumps -- Probability distribution of the trapping times -- One-dimensional quadratic jump rate -- Generalization to higher dimensions -- Generalization to a non-quadratic jump rate -- Probability distribution of the recycling times -- Presentation of the problem: first return time in Brownian motion -- The unconfined model in one dimension -- The Doppler model in one dimension -- The confined model: random walk with walls -- Broad distributions and Levy statistics: a brief overview.
Altri titoli varianti Lévy Statistics & Laser Cooling
Record Nr. UNINA-9910780059903321
Bardou François <1967->  
Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2002
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Lévy statistics and laser cooling : how rare events bring atoms to rest / / François Bardou [and others] [[electronic resource]]
Lévy statistics and laser cooling : how rare events bring atoms to rest / / François Bardou [and others] [[electronic resource]]
Autore Bardou François <1967->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2002
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (xiii, 199 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
Disciplina 539.7
Altri autori (Persone) BardouFrançois <1967->
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser cooling
Atoms - Cooling
Lévy processes
ISBN 1-107-12469-7
1-282-38909-2
0-511-64291-1
9786612389092
0-511-15572-7
0-511-56144-X
0-511-75566-X
0-511-04459-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Laser cooling -- Subrecoil laser cooling -- Subrecoil cooling and Levy statistics -- Subrecoil laser cooling and anomalous random walks -- Standard laser cooling: friction forces and the recoil limit -- Friction forces and cooling -- The recoil limit -- Laser cooling based on inhomogeneous random walks in momentum space -- Physical mechanism -- How to create an inhomogeneous random walk -- Expected cooling properties -- Quantum description of subrecoil laser cooling -- Wave nature of atomic motion -- Difficulties of the standard quantum treatment -- Quantum jump description. The delay function -- Simulation of the atomic momentum stochastic evolution -- Generalization. Stochastic wave functions and random walks in Hilbert space -- From quantum optics to classical random walks -- Fictitious classical particle associated with the quantum random walk -- Simplified jump rate -- Trapping and recycling. Statistical properties -- Trapping and recycling regions -- Models of inhomogeneous random walks -- Friction -- Trapping region -- Recycling region -- Momentum jumps -- Probability distribution of the trapping times -- One-dimensional quadratic jump rate -- Generalization to higher dimensions -- Generalization to a non-quadratic jump rate -- Probability distribution of the recycling times -- Presentation of the problem: first return time in Brownian motion -- The unconfined model in one dimension -- The Doppler model in one dimension -- The confined model: random walk with walls -- Broad distributions and Levy statistics: a brief overview.
Altri titoli varianti Lévy Statistics & Laser Cooling
Record Nr. UNINA-9910809903503321
Bardou François <1967->  
Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2002
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Pubbl/distr/stampa Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (259 p.)
Disciplina 530.41
Altri autori (Persone) EpsteinRichard I
Sheik-BahaeMansoor
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser cooling
ISBN 1-282-37229-7
9786612372292
3-527-62804-5
3-527-62805-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Optical Refrigeration; Contents; Preface; 1 Optical Refrigeration in Solids: Fundamentals and Overview; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 The Four-Level Model for Optical Refrigeration; 1.3 Cooling Rare-Earth-Doped Solids; 1.4 Prospects for Laser Cooling in Semiconductors; 1.5 Experimental Work on Optical Refrigeration in Semiconductors; 1.6 Future Outlook; References; 2 Design and Fabrication of Rare-Earth-Doped Laser Cooling Materials; 2.1 History of Laser Cooling Materials; 2.2 Material Design Considerations; 2.2.1 Active Ions; 2.2.1.1 Rare-Earth Ions for Laser Cooling
2.2.1.2 Active Ion Concentration2.2.2 Host Materials; 2.2.2.1 Multiphonon Relaxation; 2.2.2.2 Chemical Durability; 2.2.2.3 Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties; 2.2.2.4 Refractive Index; 2.2.3 Material Purity; 2.2.3.1 Vibrational Impurities; 2.2.3.2 Metal-Ion Impurities; 2.3 Preparation of High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.1 Strategies for Preparing High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.2 Process Conditions; 2.3.2.1 Purity of Commercial Precursors; 2.3.2.2 Process Equipment; 2.3.2.3 Clean Environment; 2.3.3 Material Purification; 2.3.3.1 Filtration and Recrystallization
2.3.3.2 Solvent Extraction Using Chelating Agents2.3.3.3 Fluorination and Drying in Hydrogen Fluoride Gas; 2.3.3.4 Sublimation and Distillation; 2.3.3.5 Electrochemical Purification; 2.3.4 Determination of Trace Impurity Levels; 2.4 Glass Fabrication; 2.4.1 Glass Formation in ZrF(4) Systems; 2.4.2 ZBLAN Glass Fabrication; 2.4.2.1 Melting of the Starting Materials; 2.4.2.2 Evaporative Losses; 2.4.2.3 Dissolution and Homogenization; 2.4.2.4 Optimum Rate of Cooling; 2.4.2.5 Viscosity for Casting; 2.4.2.6 Typical Glass Fabrication Parameters
2.4.3 Fluoride, Chloride, and Sulfide Glass Fabrication2.5 Halide Crystal Growth; 2.6 Promising Future Materials; 2.6.1 Simplified Fluoride Glasses; 2.6.2 Fluoride Crystals; 2.6.3 Chloride and Bromide Crystals; References; 3 Laser Cooling in Fluoride Single Crystals; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Properties; 3.3 Experimental; 3.3.1 Growth Apparatus; 3.3.2 Spectroscopic Setup; 3.3.3 Cooling Setup; 3.4 Spectroscopic Analysis; 3.5 Cooling Results; 3.5.1 Cooling Potential; 3.5.2 Bulk Cooling; 3.6 Conclusion; References; 4 Er(3+)-Doped Materials for Solid-State Cooling
4.1 Low Phonon Energy Materials4.1.1 KPb(2)Cl(5) Crystal; 4.1.2 Fluorochloride Glasses; 4.2 Internal Cooling Measurements; 4.3 Bulk Cooling Measurements; 4.4 Influence of Upconversion Processes on the Cooling Efficiency of Er(3+); 4.4.1 Spectroscopic Grounds: Upconversion Properties of Er(3+) Under Pumping in the (4)I(9/2) Manifold; 4.4.2 A Phenomenological Cooling Model Including Upconversion; References; 5 Laser Refrigerator Design and Applications; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Modeling; 5.3 Modeling Results; 5.4 Design Issues; 5.5 Mirror Heating; 5.6 Applications
5.6.1 Comparison to Other Refrigeration Technologies
Record Nr. UNINA-9910139509703321
Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Pubbl/distr/stampa Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (259 p.)
Disciplina 530.41
Altri autori (Persone) EpsteinRichard I
Sheik-BahaeMansoor
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser cooling
ISBN 1-282-37229-7
9786612372292
3-527-62804-5
3-527-62805-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Optical Refrigeration; Contents; Preface; 1 Optical Refrigeration in Solids: Fundamentals and Overview; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 The Four-Level Model for Optical Refrigeration; 1.3 Cooling Rare-Earth-Doped Solids; 1.4 Prospects for Laser Cooling in Semiconductors; 1.5 Experimental Work on Optical Refrigeration in Semiconductors; 1.6 Future Outlook; References; 2 Design and Fabrication of Rare-Earth-Doped Laser Cooling Materials; 2.1 History of Laser Cooling Materials; 2.2 Material Design Considerations; 2.2.1 Active Ions; 2.2.1.1 Rare-Earth Ions for Laser Cooling
2.2.1.2 Active Ion Concentration2.2.2 Host Materials; 2.2.2.1 Multiphonon Relaxation; 2.2.2.2 Chemical Durability; 2.2.2.3 Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties; 2.2.2.4 Refractive Index; 2.2.3 Material Purity; 2.2.3.1 Vibrational Impurities; 2.2.3.2 Metal-Ion Impurities; 2.3 Preparation of High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.1 Strategies for Preparing High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.2 Process Conditions; 2.3.2.1 Purity of Commercial Precursors; 2.3.2.2 Process Equipment; 2.3.2.3 Clean Environment; 2.3.3 Material Purification; 2.3.3.1 Filtration and Recrystallization
2.3.3.2 Solvent Extraction Using Chelating Agents2.3.3.3 Fluorination and Drying in Hydrogen Fluoride Gas; 2.3.3.4 Sublimation and Distillation; 2.3.3.5 Electrochemical Purification; 2.3.4 Determination of Trace Impurity Levels; 2.4 Glass Fabrication; 2.4.1 Glass Formation in ZrF(4) Systems; 2.4.2 ZBLAN Glass Fabrication; 2.4.2.1 Melting of the Starting Materials; 2.4.2.2 Evaporative Losses; 2.4.2.3 Dissolution and Homogenization; 2.4.2.4 Optimum Rate of Cooling; 2.4.2.5 Viscosity for Casting; 2.4.2.6 Typical Glass Fabrication Parameters
2.4.3 Fluoride, Chloride, and Sulfide Glass Fabrication2.5 Halide Crystal Growth; 2.6 Promising Future Materials; 2.6.1 Simplified Fluoride Glasses; 2.6.2 Fluoride Crystals; 2.6.3 Chloride and Bromide Crystals; References; 3 Laser Cooling in Fluoride Single Crystals; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Properties; 3.3 Experimental; 3.3.1 Growth Apparatus; 3.3.2 Spectroscopic Setup; 3.3.3 Cooling Setup; 3.4 Spectroscopic Analysis; 3.5 Cooling Results; 3.5.1 Cooling Potential; 3.5.2 Bulk Cooling; 3.6 Conclusion; References; 4 Er(3+)-Doped Materials for Solid-State Cooling
4.1 Low Phonon Energy Materials4.1.1 KPb(2)Cl(5) Crystal; 4.1.2 Fluorochloride Glasses; 4.2 Internal Cooling Measurements; 4.3 Bulk Cooling Measurements; 4.4 Influence of Upconversion Processes on the Cooling Efficiency of Er(3+); 4.4.1 Spectroscopic Grounds: Upconversion Properties of Er(3+) Under Pumping in the (4)I(9/2) Manifold; 4.4.2 A Phenomenological Cooling Model Including Upconversion; References; 5 Laser Refrigerator Design and Applications; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Modeling; 5.3 Modeling Results; 5.4 Design Issues; 5.5 Mirror Heating; 5.6 Applications
5.6.1 Comparison to Other Refrigeration Technologies
Record Nr. UNINA-9910830820003321
Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Optical refrigeration [[electronic resource] ] : science and applications of laser cooling of solids / / edited by Richard Epstein and Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Pubbl/distr/stampa Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
Descrizione fisica 1 online resource (259 p.)
Disciplina 530.41
Altri autori (Persone) EpsteinRichard I
Sheik-BahaeMansoor
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Laser cooling
ISBN 1-282-37229-7
9786612372292
3-527-62804-5
3-527-62805-3
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Optical Refrigeration; Contents; Preface; 1 Optical Refrigeration in Solids: Fundamentals and Overview; 1.1 Basic Concepts; 1.2 The Four-Level Model for Optical Refrigeration; 1.3 Cooling Rare-Earth-Doped Solids; 1.4 Prospects for Laser Cooling in Semiconductors; 1.5 Experimental Work on Optical Refrigeration in Semiconductors; 1.6 Future Outlook; References; 2 Design and Fabrication of Rare-Earth-Doped Laser Cooling Materials; 2.1 History of Laser Cooling Materials; 2.2 Material Design Considerations; 2.2.1 Active Ions; 2.2.1.1 Rare-Earth Ions for Laser Cooling
2.2.1.2 Active Ion Concentration2.2.2 Host Materials; 2.2.2.1 Multiphonon Relaxation; 2.2.2.2 Chemical Durability; 2.2.2.3 Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties; 2.2.2.4 Refractive Index; 2.2.3 Material Purity; 2.2.3.1 Vibrational Impurities; 2.2.3.2 Metal-Ion Impurities; 2.3 Preparation of High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.1 Strategies for Preparing High-Purity Precursors; 2.3.2 Process Conditions; 2.3.2.1 Purity of Commercial Precursors; 2.3.2.2 Process Equipment; 2.3.2.3 Clean Environment; 2.3.3 Material Purification; 2.3.3.1 Filtration and Recrystallization
2.3.3.2 Solvent Extraction Using Chelating Agents2.3.3.3 Fluorination and Drying in Hydrogen Fluoride Gas; 2.3.3.4 Sublimation and Distillation; 2.3.3.5 Electrochemical Purification; 2.3.4 Determination of Trace Impurity Levels; 2.4 Glass Fabrication; 2.4.1 Glass Formation in ZrF(4) Systems; 2.4.2 ZBLAN Glass Fabrication; 2.4.2.1 Melting of the Starting Materials; 2.4.2.2 Evaporative Losses; 2.4.2.3 Dissolution and Homogenization; 2.4.2.4 Optimum Rate of Cooling; 2.4.2.5 Viscosity for Casting; 2.4.2.6 Typical Glass Fabrication Parameters
2.4.3 Fluoride, Chloride, and Sulfide Glass Fabrication2.5 Halide Crystal Growth; 2.6 Promising Future Materials; 2.6.1 Simplified Fluoride Glasses; 2.6.2 Fluoride Crystals; 2.6.3 Chloride and Bromide Crystals; References; 3 Laser Cooling in Fluoride Single Crystals; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Physical Properties; 3.3 Experimental; 3.3.1 Growth Apparatus; 3.3.2 Spectroscopic Setup; 3.3.3 Cooling Setup; 3.4 Spectroscopic Analysis; 3.5 Cooling Results; 3.5.1 Cooling Potential; 3.5.2 Bulk Cooling; 3.6 Conclusion; References; 4 Er(3+)-Doped Materials for Solid-State Cooling
4.1 Low Phonon Energy Materials4.1.1 KPb(2)Cl(5) Crystal; 4.1.2 Fluorochloride Glasses; 4.2 Internal Cooling Measurements; 4.3 Bulk Cooling Measurements; 4.4 Influence of Upconversion Processes on the Cooling Efficiency of Er(3+); 4.4.1 Spectroscopic Grounds: Upconversion Properties of Er(3+) Under Pumping in the (4)I(9/2) Manifold; 4.4.2 A Phenomenological Cooling Model Including Upconversion; References; 5 Laser Refrigerator Design and Applications; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Modeling; 5.3 Modeling Results; 5.4 Design Issues; 5.5 Mirror Heating; 5.6 Applications
5.6.1 Comparison to Other Refrigeration Technologies
Record Nr. UNINA-9910841488903321
Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH, c2009
Materiale a stampa
Lo trovi qui: Univ. Federico II
Opac: Controlla la disponibilità qui
Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers [[electronic resource] /] / Arthur Ashkin
Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers [[electronic resource] /] / Arthur Ashkin
Autore Ashkin Arthur <1922->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific, c2006
Descrizione fisica xxiv, 915 p. : ill., (some col.)
Disciplina 539.7
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Miniature electronic equipment
Soggetto genere / forma Electronic books.
ISBN 1-281-92785-6
9786611927851
981-277-489-0
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface -- I. Introduction. ch. 1. Beginnings. 1.1. Radiation pressure using microwave magnetrons. 1.2. Runners and bouncers. 1.3. Back of the envelope calculation of laser radiation pressure. 1.4. First observation of laser radiation pressure. 1.5. Observation of the first three-dimensional all-optical trap. 1.6. Scattering force on atoms. 1.7. Saturation of the scattering force on atoms. 1.8. Gradient (dipole) force on atoms. 1.9. Dispersive properties of the dipole force on atoms. 1.10. Applications of the scattering force. 1.11. "It's not even wrong!" 1.12. Optical traps and the prepared mind -- II. 1969-1979. ch. 2. Optical levitation. 2.1. Levitation in air. 2.2. Scientific American article of 1973. 2.3. Levitation with TEM[symbol]* donut mode beams. 2.4. Levitation of liquid drops. 2.5. Radiometric or thermal forces. 2.6. Levitation at reduced air pressure. 2.7. Feedback damping of levitated particles and automatic force measurement. 2.8. Feedback measurement of axial scattering force. 2.9. Feedback force measurement of high-Q surface wave resonances. 2.10. Measurement of electric forces by feedback control of levitated particles. ch. 3. Atom trapping and manipulation by radiation pressure forces. 3.1. Early concepts and experiments with atoms. 3.2. Theoretical aspects of optical forces on atoms. ch. 4. Summary of the first decade's work on optical trapping and manipulation of particles -- III. 1980-1990. ch. 5. Trapping of atoms and biological particles in the 1980-1990 decade. 5.1. Optical trapping and cooling of neutral atoms in the decade 1980-1990. 5.2. Trapping of biological particles -- IV. 1990-2006. IVA. Biological applications. ch. 6. General biological applications. 6.1. Application of tweezers to the study of bacteria. 6.2. Use of UV cutting plus tweezers to study cell fusion and chromosomes. 6.3. Tweezer manipulation of live sperm and application to In Vitro fertilization. 6.4. Tweezer study of the immune response of T-lymphocytes. 6.5. Adhesion of influenza virus to red blood cells using OPTCOL technique. 6.6. Mechanical properties of membranes studied by tether formation using tweezers. 6.7. Deformation of single cells by light forces. 6.8. Artificial gravity in plants. 6.9. Guiding of neuronal growth with light. 6.10. Self-rotation of red blood cells in optical tweezers. ch. 7. Use of optical tweezers to study single motor molecules. 7.1. In Vivo force measurement of Dynein in giant amoeba Reticulomyxa. 7.2. Measurement of the force produced by kinesin. 7.3. Resolution of the stepping motion of kinesin on microtubules by interferometry. 7.4. Observation of single stepwise motion of muscle Myosin-II molecules on actin using feedback and tweezers. 7.5. Measurement of diffusional motion and stepping in actin-myosin interactions. 7.6. Measurement of myosin step size using an oriented single-headed molecule. 7.7. Forces on smooth muscle myosin and use of fluorescently labeled ATP with total internal reflection microscopy. 7.8. Observation of two-step behavior of Myosin I using the tweezer Dumbbell technique. 7.9. Study of processive class-V myosins using a pair of tweezer traps. 7.10. Force vs. velocity measurement on kinesin motor molecules. 7.11. Single enzyme kinetics of kinesin. 7.12. Kinesin hydrolyses one ATP molecule per 8 nm step. 7.13. Feedback control of tweezers: force clamps and position clamps. 7.14. Study of single kinesin molecules with a force clamp. 7.15. Structural measurements on kinesin. 7.16. Substeps within the 8 nm step of the ATPase cycle of single kinesin molecules. 7.17. Processivity of a single-headed kinesin construct C351 and the Brownian ratchet. 7.18. Myosin VI is a processive motor with a large step size. 7.19. Mapping the actin filament with myosin. 7.20. Development regulation of vesicle transport in Drosophila embryos: forces and kinetics. 7.21. Dynein-mediated cargo transport In Vivo: a switch controls travel distance. 7.22. Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism. ch. 8. Applications to RNA and DNA. 8.1. Observation of the force of an RNA polymerase molecule as it transcribes DNA. 8.2. Force and velocity measured for single molecules of RNA polymerase. 8.3. Measurement of the mechanical properties of DNA polymer strands. 8.4. Measurement of flexural rigidity of microtubule fibers and torsional rigidity of microtubules and actin filaments. 8.5. Measurement of the stretching of double-and single-stranded DNA. 8.6. Polymerization of RecA protein on individual ds DNA molecules. 8.7. Study of elasticity of RecA-DNA filaments with constant tension feedback. 8.8. Possible role of tweezers in DNA sequencing. 8.9. Study of the structure of DNA and chromatin fibers by stretching with light forces. 8.10. Condensation and decondensation of the same DNA molecule by protamine and arginine molecules. 8.11. Non-mendelian inheritance of chloroplast DNA in living algal cells using tweezers. 8.12. Measurement of the force and mechanical properties of DNA polymerase with optical tweezers. 8.13. Reversible unfolding of single RNA molecules by mechanical force. 8.14. Grafting of single DNA molecules to AFM cantilevers using optical tweezers. 8.15. Structural transition and elasticity from torque measurements on DNA. 8.16. Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution. 8.17. Ubiquitous transcriptional pausing is independent of RNA polymerase backtracking. 8.18. RNA polymerase can track a DNA groove during promoter search. 8.19. The bacterial Condensin MukBEF compacts DNA into a repetitive, stable structure. 8.20. Forward and reverse motion of RecBCD molecules on DNA. 8.21. Direct observation of base-pair stepping by RNA polymersase. ch. 9. Study of the mechanical properties of other macromolecules with optical tweezers. 9.1. Stretching and relaxation of the giant molecule Titin. 9.2. Cell motility of adherent cells over an extra-cellular matrix. 9.3. Study of forces that regulate the movement of plasma membrane proteins. 9.4. Membrane tube formation from giant vesicles by dynamic association of motor proteins. IVB. Other recent applications in physics and chemistry. ch. 10. Origin of tweezer forces on macroscopic particles using highly focused beams. 10.1. Origin of the net backward radiation pressure force in tweezer traps. 10.2. Light propagation at the focus of a high numerical aperture beam. 10.3. Calculation of the tweezer forces on dielectric spheres in the ray-optics regime. 10.4. Corrections to paraxial ray approximation for strongly focused Gaussian beams. 10.5. Fifth-order corrected electromagnetic field components for a focused fundamental Gaussian beam. 10.6. Computation of net force and torque for a spherical particle illuminated by a focused laser beam. 10.7. Measurements of the forces on microspheres held by optical tweezers. 10.8. Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory for convergent Gaussian beams. 10.9. Computation of backward radiation pressure using GLMT. 10.10. Single-beam trapping of Rayleigh and macroscopic particles using exact diffraction theory. 10.11. Optical gradient forces of strongly localized fields. 10.12. Exact theory of optical tweezers for macroscopic dielectric spheres. 10.13. Use of optical tweezers as a stylus support for scanning force microscopy. 10.14. Localized dynamic light scattering. 10.15. Thermal ratchet motors. 10.16. Experimental test of Kramers' theory of thermally driven transition rates. ch. 11. Study of charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions. 11.1. Optically induced colloidal crystals. 11.2. Optical matter: crystallization and binding of particles in intense laser fields. 11.3. Microscopic measurement of the pair interaction of charge-stabilized colloids using tweezers. 11.4. Theoretical approaches to the understanding of pair interactions of charge-stabilized colloids. 11.5. Confinement-induced colloidal attractions in equilibrium. 11.6. Entropic forces in binary colloids. 11.7.
Entropic control of particle motion using passive surface microstructures. 11.8. Entropic attraction and repulsion in binary colloids probed with a line optical tweezer. ch. 12. Rotation of particles by radiation pressure. 12.1. Optically induced rotation of an anisotropic micro-particle fabricated by surface micromachining. 12.2. Optically induced rotation of a trapped micro-object about an axis perpendicular to the laser beam axis. 12.3. Optical microrotors. 12.4. Orbital angular momentum. 12.5. Observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity. 12.6. Mechanical equivalence of spin and orbital angular momentum of light: an optical spanner. 12.7. Controlled rotation of optically trapped microscopic particles. 12.8. Optical torque wrench: angular trapping, rotation, and torque detection of quartz microparticles. ch. 13. Microchemistry. 13.1. Laser trapping, electrochemistry, and photochemistry of a single microdroplet. 13.2. Control of dye formation inside a single laser-positioned droplet by electrolysis. 13.3. Laser-controlled phase transitions in PNIPAM and reversible formation of liquid drops. ch. 14. Holographic optical tweezers and fluidic sorting. 14.1. Nanofabrication with holographic tweezers. 14.2. Dynamic holographic tweezers. 14.3. Sorting by periodic potential energy landscapes: optical fractionation. 14.4. Optical peristalsis. 14.5. Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice. 14.6. Microfluidic control using colloidal devices. IVC. Applications of atom trapping and cooling. ch. 15. Uses of slow atoms. 15.1. Atomic clocks using slow atoms. 15.2. Atom optics. 15.3. Atomic waveguide devices. 15.4. Cold atom collisions. IVD. Bose-Einstein condensation and related developments. ch. 16. Introduction to Bose-Einstein condensation. 16.1. First demonstration of BEC, using the TOP magnetic trap. 16.2. Bose-Einstein condensation using an optically plugged magnetic trap.
16.3. Bose-Einstein condensation using the "Cloverleaf" magnetic trap. 16.4. Bose-Einstein condensation in [symbol]Li. 16.5. Expanding Bose-Einstein condensates. 16.6. Gross-Pitaevskii mean field theory. 16.7. Collective excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate. 16.8. Coherence of Bose-Einstein condensates. 16.9. Condensate formation by Bose stimulation. 16.10. Atom lasers. ch. 17. Role of all-optical traps and MOTs in atomic physics. 17.1. Far-off-resonance optical traps for [symbol]Rb. 17.2. Far-off-resonance traps for cesium using CO[symbol] lasers. 17.3. Evaporative cooling of sodium atoms from an optical dipole trap. 17.4. Raman cooling of trapped atoms in a dipole trap. 17.5. Laser noise heating in far-off-resonance optical dipole traps. 17.6. Sisyphus cooling of cesium in far-off-resonance optical dipole traps. 17.7. Raman cooling of cesium in far-off-resonance optical dipole traps. 17.8. Two-step narrow-line cooling of strontium in optical dipole traps. 17.9. Continuous doppler cooling of strontium atoms in an optical dipole trap. 17.10. Three-Dimensional (3D) raman sideband cooling of cesium in optical dipole traps. 17.11. Blue-detuned optical dark traps for achieving high atomic density. 17.12. Transfer of Bose-Einstein condensates into optical dipole traps. ch. 18. Spinor condensates in optical dipole traps. 18.1. Dynamics of formation. 18.2. Metastable excited spin states. 18.3. Optical tunneling of trapped spinor states. ch. 19. Feshbach resonances. 19.1. Magnetic tuning of the scattering length in a dipole trap. 19.2. Magnetic tuning in photoassociative spectroscopy. 19.3. Feshbach resonance of ground state cesium at low magnetic field. 19.4. Elastic and inelastic collisions near Feshbach resonances in sodium. 19.5. Suppression of collision loss in cesium near Feshbach resonances. 19.6. Discovery of new low-field Feshbach resonances by high-resolution spectroscopy. 19.7. Observation of optically induced Feshbach resonances in collisions of cold atoms. ch. 20. Recent work on Bose-Einstein condensation. ch. 20.1. Diffraction of a released Bose-Einstein condensate by a pulsed standing light wave. 20.2. Collective collapse in a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions. 20.3. [symbol]Rb Bose-Einstein condensates with magnetically tunable interactions. 20.4. Bose-Einstein condensation in metastable helium atoms. 20.5. Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation using optical dipole traps. 20.6. Bose-Einstein condensation of potassium atoms by sympathetic cooling. 20.7. Realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in lower dimensions. 20.8. Josephson junction arrays with Bose-Einstein condensates. 20.9. Josephson effects in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates. 20.10. Squeezed states in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 20.11. Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms. 20.12. Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip. 20.13. Bose-Einstein condensates near a microfabricated surface. 20.14. Tonks-Girardeau ID gas of ultracold atoms. 20.15. All-optical production of a degenerate Fermi gas. 20.16. Bose-Einstein condensation of cesium by evaporative cooling from optical dipole traps. 20.17. Optimized production of a cesium Bose-Einstein condensate. 20.18. Cooling Bose-Einstein condensates below 500 pK. 20.19. Design for an optical cw atom laser. ch. 21. Trapping single atoms with single photons in cavity quantum electrodynamics. 21.1. The simple one-atom maser. 21.2. The two-photon maser. 21.3. Trapping single atoms in a MOT. 21.4. Coupling single atoms to a high-finesse optical cavity. 21.5. Coupling of single slow cesium atoms to a high-finesse optical cavity. 21.6. Cooling an atom strongly coupled to a high-Q standing wave cavity. 21.7. Real-time CQED and atom channeling with single atoms. 21.8. Formation of giant quasi-bound cold diatoms by strong atom-cavity coupling. 21.9. Single atoms trapped in orbit by single photons. 21.10. The atom cavity microscope. 21.11. Dynamics of single atom motion in the field of a single photon. 21.12. Commentary on CQED in nature's "news and views". 21.13. Experimental realization of a one-atom laser in the regime of strong coupling. 21.14. Cavity cooling of a single atom. 21.15. Deterministic generation of single photons from one atom trapped in a cavity. ch. 22. Trapping of single atoms in an off-resonance optical dipole trap. 22.1. Single atoms in an optical dipole trap: towards a deterministic source of cold atoms. 22.2. Sub-Poissonian loading of single atoms in a microscopic dipole trap. ch. 23. Vortices and frictionless flow in Bose-Einstein condensates. 23.1. Vortices in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.2. Observation of two-component vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.3. Single-component vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates. 23.4. Single-component vortices generated by an optical stirring spoon. 23.5. Scissors mode excitation of superfluidity. 23.6. Suppression and enhancement of impurity scattering in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.7. Hydrodynamic flow in a Bose-Einstein condensate stirred by a macroscopic object. 23.8. Observation of vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates. 23.9. Measurement of the angular momentum of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.10. Vortex Precession in Bose-Einstein condensates: observations with filled and empty cores. 23.11. Generating solitons by phase engineering of a Bose-Einstein condensate. ch. 24. Trapping and manipulation of small molecules. 24.1. Deflection of neutral molecules using the nonresonant dipole force. 24.2. Observation of optically trapped cold cesium molecules. 24.3. Magnetic trapping of calcium monohydride molecules at mK temperatures. 24.4. Stimulated raman molecule production in Bose-Einstein condensates. 24.5. Optical centrifuge for molecules. 24.6. Cooling of molecules by DC electric field gradients. 24.7. Cooling molecules by time-varying inhomogeneous fields and expansion from nozzles. 24.8. Electrostatic trapping of ammonia molecules. 24.9. Creation of molecules from atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 24.10. Prospects for trapping and manipulating ultracold molecules. 24.11. Dynamics of coupled atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates. ch. 25. Trapped Fermi gases. 25.1. Superfluid state of atomic [symbol]Li in a magnetic trap. 25.2. Elastic and inelastic collisions in [symbol]Li. 25.3. Sympathetic cooling of an atomic Bose-Fermi gas mixture. 25.4. Cooper pair formation in trapped atomic Fermi gases. 25.5. Collisional relaxation in a Fermionic gas. 25.6. Collisional relaxation in a Fermionic gas. 25.7. Stable, strongly attractive two-state mixtures of [symbol]Li fermions in an optical trap. 25.8. Observation of Fermi pressure in a doubly degenerate gas of Fermions and Bosons. 25.9. Observation of a strongly interacting degenerate Fermi gas of atoms. 25.10. Emergence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas. 25.11. Observation of resonance condensation of Fermionic atom pairs. 25.12. Evidence for superfluidity in a resonantly interacting Fermi gas. 25.13. Collective excitations of a degenerate gas at the BEC-BCS crossover. 25.14. Observation of the pairing gap in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. 25.15. Heat capacity of a strongly interacting Fermi gas. 25.16. Commentary on the search for superfluidity in Fermi gases. 25.17. Vortices and superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. 25.18. Fermion pairing in a gas with unequal spin populations.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910451993703321
Ashkin Arthur <1922->  
Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific, c2006
Materiale a stampa
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Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers [[electronic resource] /] / Arthur Ashkin
Optical trapping and manipulation of neutral particles using lasers [[electronic resource] /] / Arthur Ashkin
Autore Ashkin Arthur <1922->
Pubbl/distr/stampa Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific, c2006
Descrizione fisica xxiv, 915 p. : ill., (some col.)
Disciplina 539.7
Soggetto topico Laser manipulation (Nuclear physics)
Miniature electronic equipment
ISBN 1-281-92785-6
9786611927851
981-277-489-0
Formato Materiale a stampa
Livello bibliografico Monografia
Lingua di pubblicazione eng
Nota di contenuto Preface -- I. Introduction. ch. 1. Beginnings. 1.1. Radiation pressure using microwave magnetrons. 1.2. Runners and bouncers. 1.3. Back of the envelope calculation of laser radiation pressure. 1.4. First observation of laser radiation pressure. 1.5. Observation of the first three-dimensional all-optical trap. 1.6. Scattering force on atoms. 1.7. Saturation of the scattering force on atoms. 1.8. Gradient (dipole) force on atoms. 1.9. Dispersive properties of the dipole force on atoms. 1.10. Applications of the scattering force. 1.11. "It's not even wrong!" 1.12. Optical traps and the prepared mind -- II. 1969-1979. ch. 2. Optical levitation. 2.1. Levitation in air. 2.2. Scientific American article of 1973. 2.3. Levitation with TEM[symbol]* donut mode beams. 2.4. Levitation of liquid drops. 2.5. Radiometric or thermal forces. 2.6. Levitation at reduced air pressure. 2.7. Feedback damping of levitated particles and automatic force measurement. 2.8. Feedback measurement of axial scattering force. 2.9. Feedback force measurement of high-Q surface wave resonances. 2.10. Measurement of electric forces by feedback control of levitated particles. ch. 3. Atom trapping and manipulation by radiation pressure forces. 3.1. Early concepts and experiments with atoms. 3.2. Theoretical aspects of optical forces on atoms. ch. 4. Summary of the first decade's work on optical trapping and manipulation of particles -- III. 1980-1990. ch. 5. Trapping of atoms and biological particles in the 1980-1990 decade. 5.1. Optical trapping and cooling of neutral atoms in the decade 1980-1990. 5.2. Trapping of biological particles -- IV. 1990-2006. IVA. Biological applications. ch. 6. General biological applications. 6.1. Application of tweezers to the study of bacteria. 6.2. Use of UV cutting plus tweezers to study cell fusion and chromosomes. 6.3. Tweezer manipulation of live sperm and application to In Vitro fertilization. 6.4. Tweezer study of the immune response of T-lymphocytes. 6.5. Adhesion of influenza virus to red blood cells using OPTCOL technique. 6.6. Mechanical properties of membranes studied by tether formation using tweezers. 6.7. Deformation of single cells by light forces. 6.8. Artificial gravity in plants. 6.9. Guiding of neuronal growth with light. 6.10. Self-rotation of red blood cells in optical tweezers. ch. 7. Use of optical tweezers to study single motor molecules. 7.1. In Vivo force measurement of Dynein in giant amoeba Reticulomyxa. 7.2. Measurement of the force produced by kinesin. 7.3. Resolution of the stepping motion of kinesin on microtubules by interferometry. 7.4. Observation of single stepwise motion of muscle Myosin-II molecules on actin using feedback and tweezers. 7.5. Measurement of diffusional motion and stepping in actin-myosin interactions. 7.6. Measurement of myosin step size using an oriented single-headed molecule. 7.7. Forces on smooth muscle myosin and use of fluorescently labeled ATP with total internal reflection microscopy. 7.8. Observation of two-step behavior of Myosin I using the tweezer Dumbbell technique. 7.9. Study of processive class-V myosins using a pair of tweezer traps. 7.10. Force vs. velocity measurement on kinesin motor molecules. 7.11. Single enzyme kinetics of kinesin. 7.12. Kinesin hydrolyses one ATP molecule per 8 nm step. 7.13. Feedback control of tweezers: force clamps and position clamps. 7.14. Study of single kinesin molecules with a force clamp. 7.15. Structural measurements on kinesin. 7.16. Substeps within the 8 nm step of the ATPase cycle of single kinesin molecules. 7.17. Processivity of a single-headed kinesin construct C351 and the Brownian ratchet. 7.18. Myosin VI is a processive motor with a large step size. 7.19. Mapping the actin filament with myosin. 7.20. Development regulation of vesicle transport in Drosophila embryos: forces and kinetics. 7.21. Dynein-mediated cargo transport In Vivo: a switch controls travel distance. 7.22. Kinesin moves by an asymmetric hand-over-hand mechanism. ch. 8. Applications to RNA and DNA. 8.1. Observation of the force of an RNA polymerase molecule as it transcribes DNA. 8.2. Force and velocity measured for single molecules of RNA polymerase. 8.3. Measurement of the mechanical properties of DNA polymer strands. 8.4. Measurement of flexural rigidity of microtubule fibers and torsional rigidity of microtubules and actin filaments. 8.5. Measurement of the stretching of double-and single-stranded DNA. 8.6. Polymerization of RecA protein on individual ds DNA molecules. 8.7. Study of elasticity of RecA-DNA filaments with constant tension feedback. 8.8. Possible role of tweezers in DNA sequencing. 8.9. Study of the structure of DNA and chromatin fibers by stretching with light forces. 8.10. Condensation and decondensation of the same DNA molecule by protamine and arginine molecules. 8.11. Non-mendelian inheritance of chloroplast DNA in living algal cells using tweezers. 8.12. Measurement of the force and mechanical properties of DNA polymerase with optical tweezers. 8.13. Reversible unfolding of single RNA molecules by mechanical force. 8.14. Grafting of single DNA molecules to AFM cantilevers using optical tweezers. 8.15. Structural transition and elasticity from torque measurements on DNA. 8.16. Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution. 8.17. Ubiquitous transcriptional pausing is independent of RNA polymerase backtracking. 8.18. RNA polymerase can track a DNA groove during promoter search. 8.19. The bacterial Condensin MukBEF compacts DNA into a repetitive, stable structure. 8.20. Forward and reverse motion of RecBCD molecules on DNA. 8.21. Direct observation of base-pair stepping by RNA polymersase. ch. 9. Study of the mechanical properties of other macromolecules with optical tweezers. 9.1. Stretching and relaxation of the giant molecule Titin. 9.2. Cell motility of adherent cells over an extra-cellular matrix. 9.3. Study of forces that regulate the movement of plasma membrane proteins. 9.4. Membrane tube formation from giant vesicles by dynamic association of motor proteins. IVB. Other recent applications in physics and chemistry. ch. 10. Origin of tweezer forces on macroscopic particles using highly focused beams. 10.1. Origin of the net backward radiation pressure force in tweezer traps. 10.2. Light propagation at the focus of a high numerical aperture beam. 10.3. Calculation of the tweezer forces on dielectric spheres in the ray-optics regime. 10.4. Corrections to paraxial ray approximation for strongly focused Gaussian beams. 10.5. Fifth-order corrected electromagnetic field components for a focused fundamental Gaussian beam. 10.6. Computation of net force and torque for a spherical particle illuminated by a focused laser beam. 10.7. Measurements of the forces on microspheres held by optical tweezers. 10.8. Generalized Lorenz-Mie theory for convergent Gaussian beams. 10.9. Computation of backward radiation pressure using GLMT. 10.10. Single-beam trapping of Rayleigh and macroscopic particles using exact diffraction theory. 10.11. Optical gradient forces of strongly localized fields. 10.12. Exact theory of optical tweezers for macroscopic dielectric spheres. 10.13. Use of optical tweezers as a stylus support for scanning force microscopy. 10.14. Localized dynamic light scattering. 10.15. Thermal ratchet motors. 10.16. Experimental test of Kramers' theory of thermally driven transition rates. ch. 11. Study of charge-stabilized colloidal suspensions. 11.1. Optically induced colloidal crystals. 11.2. Optical matter: crystallization and binding of particles in intense laser fields. 11.3. Microscopic measurement of the pair interaction of charge-stabilized colloids using tweezers. 11.4. Theoretical approaches to the understanding of pair interactions of charge-stabilized colloids. 11.5. Confinement-induced colloidal attractions in equilibrium. 11.6. Entropic forces in binary colloids. 11.7.
Entropic control of particle motion using passive surface microstructures. 11.8. Entropic attraction and repulsion in binary colloids probed with a line optical tweezer. ch. 12. Rotation of particles by radiation pressure. 12.1. Optically induced rotation of an anisotropic micro-particle fabricated by surface micromachining. 12.2. Optically induced rotation of a trapped micro-object about an axis perpendicular to the laser beam axis. 12.3. Optical microrotors. 12.4. Orbital angular momentum. 12.5. Observation of transfer of angular momentum to absorptive particles from a laser beam with a phase singularity. 12.6. Mechanical equivalence of spin and orbital angular momentum of light: an optical spanner. 12.7. Controlled rotation of optically trapped microscopic particles. 12.8. Optical torque wrench: angular trapping, rotation, and torque detection of quartz microparticles. ch. 13. Microchemistry. 13.1. Laser trapping, electrochemistry, and photochemistry of a single microdroplet. 13.2. Control of dye formation inside a single laser-positioned droplet by electrolysis. 13.3. Laser-controlled phase transitions in PNIPAM and reversible formation of liquid drops. ch. 14. Holographic optical tweezers and fluidic sorting. 14.1. Nanofabrication with holographic tweezers. 14.2. Dynamic holographic tweezers. 14.3. Sorting by periodic potential energy landscapes: optical fractionation. 14.4. Optical peristalsis. 14.5. Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice. 14.6. Microfluidic control using colloidal devices. IVC. Applications of atom trapping and cooling. ch. 15. Uses of slow atoms. 15.1. Atomic clocks using slow atoms. 15.2. Atom optics. 15.3. Atomic waveguide devices. 15.4. Cold atom collisions. IVD. Bose-Einstein condensation and related developments. ch. 16. Introduction to Bose-Einstein condensation. 16.1. First demonstration of BEC, using the TOP magnetic trap. 16.2. Bose-Einstein condensation using an optically plugged magnetic trap.
16.3. Bose-Einstein condensation using the "Cloverleaf" magnetic trap. 16.4. Bose-Einstein condensation in [symbol]Li. 16.5. Expanding Bose-Einstein condensates. 16.6. Gross-Pitaevskii mean field theory. 16.7. Collective excitation of a Bose-Einstein condensate. 16.8. Coherence of Bose-Einstein condensates. 16.9. Condensate formation by Bose stimulation. 16.10. Atom lasers. ch. 17. Role of all-optical traps and MOTs in atomic physics. 17.1. Far-off-resonance optical traps for [symbol]Rb. 17.2. Far-off-resonance traps for cesium using CO[symbol] lasers. 17.3. Evaporative cooling of sodium atoms from an optical dipole trap. 17.4. Raman cooling of trapped atoms in a dipole trap. 17.5. Laser noise heating in far-off-resonance optical dipole traps. 17.6. Sisyphus cooling of cesium in far-off-resonance optical dipole traps. 17.7. Raman cooling of cesium in far-off-resonance optical dipole traps. 17.8. Two-step narrow-line cooling of strontium in optical dipole traps. 17.9. Continuous doppler cooling of strontium atoms in an optical dipole trap. 17.10. Three-Dimensional (3D) raman sideband cooling of cesium in optical dipole traps. 17.11. Blue-detuned optical dark traps for achieving high atomic density. 17.12. Transfer of Bose-Einstein condensates into optical dipole traps. ch. 18. Spinor condensates in optical dipole traps. 18.1. Dynamics of formation. 18.2. Metastable excited spin states. 18.3. Optical tunneling of trapped spinor states. ch. 19. Feshbach resonances. 19.1. Magnetic tuning of the scattering length in a dipole trap. 19.2. Magnetic tuning in photoassociative spectroscopy. 19.3. Feshbach resonance of ground state cesium at low magnetic field. 19.4. Elastic and inelastic collisions near Feshbach resonances in sodium. 19.5. Suppression of collision loss in cesium near Feshbach resonances. 19.6. Discovery of new low-field Feshbach resonances by high-resolution spectroscopy. 19.7. Observation of optically induced Feshbach resonances in collisions of cold atoms. ch. 20. Recent work on Bose-Einstein condensation. ch. 20.1. Diffraction of a released Bose-Einstein condensate by a pulsed standing light wave. 20.2. Collective collapse in a Bose-Einstein condensate with attractive interactions. 20.3. [symbol]Rb Bose-Einstein condensates with magnetically tunable interactions. 20.4. Bose-Einstein condensation in metastable helium atoms. 20.5. Observation of Bose-Einstein condensation using optical dipole traps. 20.6. Bose-Einstein condensation of potassium atoms by sympathetic cooling. 20.7. Realization of Bose-Einstein condensates in lower dimensions. 20.8. Josephson junction arrays with Bose-Einstein condensates. 20.9. Josephson effects in dilute Bose-Einstein condensates. 20.10. Squeezed states in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 20.11. Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator in a gas of ultracold atoms. 20.12. Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip. 20.13. Bose-Einstein condensates near a microfabricated surface. 20.14. Tonks-Girardeau ID gas of ultracold atoms. 20.15. All-optical production of a degenerate Fermi gas. 20.16. Bose-Einstein condensation of cesium by evaporative cooling from optical dipole traps. 20.17. Optimized production of a cesium Bose-Einstein condensate. 20.18. Cooling Bose-Einstein condensates below 500 pK. 20.19. Design for an optical cw atom laser. ch. 21. Trapping single atoms with single photons in cavity quantum electrodynamics. 21.1. The simple one-atom maser. 21.2. The two-photon maser. 21.3. Trapping single atoms in a MOT. 21.4. Coupling single atoms to a high-finesse optical cavity. 21.5. Coupling of single slow cesium atoms to a high-finesse optical cavity. 21.6. Cooling an atom strongly coupled to a high-Q standing wave cavity. 21.7. Real-time CQED and atom channeling with single atoms. 21.8. Formation of giant quasi-bound cold diatoms by strong atom-cavity coupling. 21.9. Single atoms trapped in orbit by single photons. 21.10. The atom cavity microscope. 21.11. Dynamics of single atom motion in the field of a single photon. 21.12. Commentary on CQED in nature's "news and views". 21.13. Experimental realization of a one-atom laser in the regime of strong coupling. 21.14. Cavity cooling of a single atom. 21.15. Deterministic generation of single photons from one atom trapped in a cavity. ch. 22. Trapping of single atoms in an off-resonance optical dipole trap. 22.1. Single atoms in an optical dipole trap: towards a deterministic source of cold atoms. 22.2. Sub-Poissonian loading of single atoms in a microscopic dipole trap. ch. 23. Vortices and frictionless flow in Bose-Einstein condensates. 23.1. Vortices in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.2. Observation of two-component vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.3. Single-component vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates. 23.4. Single-component vortices generated by an optical stirring spoon. 23.5. Scissors mode excitation of superfluidity. 23.6. Suppression and enhancement of impurity scattering in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.7. Hydrodynamic flow in a Bose-Einstein condensate stirred by a macroscopic object. 23.8. Observation of vortex lattices in Bose-Einstein condensates. 23.9. Measurement of the angular momentum of a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. 23.10. Vortex Precession in Bose-Einstein condensates: observations with filled and empty cores. 23.11. Generating solitons by phase engineering of a Bose-Einstein condensate. ch. 24. Trapping and manipulation of small molecules. 24.1. Deflection of neutral molecules using the nonresonant dipole force. 24.2. Observation of optically trapped cold cesium molecules. 24.3. Magnetic trapping of calcium monohydride molecules at mK temperatures. 24.4. Stimulated raman molecule production in Bose-Einstein condensates. 24.5. Optical centrifuge for molecules. 24.6. Cooling of molecules by DC electric field gradients. 24.7. Cooling molecules by time-varying inhomogeneous fields and expansion from nozzles. 24.8. Electrostatic trapping of ammonia molecules. 24.9. Creation of molecules from atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate. 24.10. Prospects for trapping and manipulating ultracold molecules. 24.11. Dynamics of coupled atomic and molecular Bose-Einstein condensates. ch. 25. Trapped Fermi gases. 25.1. Superfluid state of atomic [symbol]Li in a magnetic trap. 25.2. Elastic and inelastic collisions in [symbol]Li. 25.3. Sympathetic cooling of an atomic Bose-Fermi gas mixture. 25.4. Cooper pair formation in trapped atomic Fermi gases. 25.5. Collisional relaxation in a Fermionic gas. 25.6. Collisional relaxation in a Fermionic gas. 25.7. Stable, strongly attractive two-state mixtures of [symbol]Li fermions in an optical trap. 25.8. Observation of Fermi pressure in a doubly degenerate gas of Fermions and Bosons. 25.9. Observation of a strongly interacting degenerate Fermi gas of atoms. 25.10. Emergence of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas. 25.11. Observation of resonance condensation of Fermionic atom pairs. 25.12. Evidence for superfluidity in a resonantly interacting Fermi gas. 25.13. Collective excitations of a degenerate gas at the BEC-BCS crossover. 25.14. Observation of the pairing gap in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. 25.15. Heat capacity of a strongly interacting Fermi gas. 25.16. Commentary on the search for superfluidity in Fermi gases. 25.17. Vortices and superfluidity in a strongly interacting Fermi gas. 25.18. Fermion pairing in a gas with unequal spin populations.
Record Nr. UNINA-9910778261603321
Ashkin Arthur <1922->  
Hackensack, NJ, : World Scientific, c2006
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